Background
Methods
Microorganisms
Phytochemical materials
In vitro antibacterial assay
Preparation and standardisation of inocula
The broth microdilution test
Antioxydant activity assay
DPPH assay
Superoxide anion scavenging activity
β-Carotene/linoleic acid assay
Statistical analysis
Results
Antibacterial activities of the extract, fractions and isolated compounds
Antibacterial properties of the extract and fractions
Bacteria | C E | n-hex F | EA F | n-but F | Res F | Rif |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIC/MBC | MIC/MBC | MIC/MBC | MIC/MBC | MIC/MBC | MIC/MBC | |
Gram (-) | ||||||
P. aeruginosa (PA01) | 8000/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | 0.19/1.56 |
P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | 25/50 |
E. coli (ATCC 8739) | - | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | 0.09/6.25 |
E. coli (ATCC 10536) | 8000/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | 0.19/0.78 |
E. coli (ATCC 11775) | -/- | 8000/- | 500/- | -/- | -/- | 0.39/1.56 |
E. aerogenes (ATCC 13045) | 2000/- | 1000/- | 1000/- | 1000/- | 2000/- | 0.19/0.19 |
P. stuartii (ATCC 29916) | -/- | /- | -/- | 500/- | 500/- | 0.09/0.19 |
P. mirabolis
| -/- | 8000/- | 500/- | -/- | -/- | 25/50 |
K. pneumoniae
| -/- | 4000/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | 25/50 |
S. flexneri
| -/- | 8000/- | 500/- | -/- | -/- | 25/50 |
S. typhi (ATCC 6539) | 4000/- | 8000/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | 0.09/6.25 |
S. paratyphi A | -/- | 8000/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | 0.19/6.25 |
S. paratyphi B | -/- | 4000/- | 500/- | -/- | -/- | 0.19/0.19 |
Gram (+) | ||||||
E. faecalis (ATCC 10541) | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | 0.19/1.56 |
S. aureus (ATCC 25922) | -/- | 4000/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | 0.19/0.78 |
Antibacterial properties of compounds isolated from P. fulva stem barks
Bacteria | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | Rif |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gram (-) | ||||||||||||
P. aeruginosa (PA01) | 25/50 | 6.25/6.25 | 6.25/12.5 | 6.25/12.5 | 6.25/12.5 | 6.25/- | 6.25/- | 50/50 | 100/- | 400/- | 400/- | 0.19/1.56 |
P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) | 100/- | 100/- | 50/- | 50/- | -/- | 50/- | 50/- | -/- | 50/- | 400/- | 400/- | 25/50 |
E. coli (ATCC 8739) | -/- | 12.5/12.5 | 25/50 | 12.5/- | -/- | -/- | 25/50 | 25/50 | -/- | -/- | 25/50 | 0.09/6.25 |
E. coli (ATCC 10536) | -/- | 100/- | 100/- | 100/- | 100/- | 25/50 | 100/- | 100/- | 100/- | 100/- | -/- | 0.19/0.78 |
E. coli (ATCC 11775) | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | 100/- | -/- | -/- | 50/100 | -/- | -/- | 0.39/1.56 |
E. aerogenes (ATCC 13045) | 50/100 | 25 /- | 50/- | 25/400 | -/- | -/- | 100/- | 12.5/400 | 25/400 | 200/- | -/- | 0.19/0.19 |
P. stuartii (ATCC 29916) | -/- | 200/- | -/- | -/- | 12.5/- | 100/- | 100/200 | 100/400 | 25/100 | 100/100 | 400/- | 0.09/0.19 |
P. mirabolis
| 100/- | 100/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | 100/200 | 100/- | 200/- | 50/- | 400/- | 400/- | 25/50 |
K. Pneumoniae
| 100/- | 12.5/200 | 12.5/- | 6.25/400 | 6.25/- | 100/- | 100/- | 25/- | 100/- | 100/- | 100/- | 25/50 |
S. flexneri
| -/- | -/- | -/- | 100/- | -/- | 100/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | 25/50 |
S. typhi (ATCC 6539) | 25/100 | 25/200 | 25/- | 25/- | 50/- | -/- | 100/200 | 100/- | 50/100 | -/- | 400/400 | 0.09/6.25 |
S. paratyphi A | 100/- | 25/25 | -/- | 50/200 | 400/400 | 100/200 | 100/200 | 50/400 | 50/100 | 100/200 | 50/100 | 0.19/6.25 |
S. paratyphi B | -/- | 12.5/25 | 25/- | 25/- | 25/- | 100/200 | 100/100 | 100/200 | 25/50 | 200/- | -/- | 0.19/0.19 |
Gram (+) | ||||||||||||
E. faecalis (ATCC 10541) | 25/50 | 6.25/12.5 | 6.25/12.5 | 6.25/12.5 | 6.25/12.5 | 50/200 | 50/200 | 12.5/25 | 25/50 | -/- | -/- | 0.19/1.56 |
S. aureus (ATCC 25922) | -/- | 12.5/100 | 25/- | 25/400 | 50/- | 25/400 | 25/400 | 25/200 | 25/25 | 100/- | 12.5/400 | 0.19/0.78 |
Radical scavenging activity-50 (RSa50) of the crude extract, fractions and compounds from P. fulva stem barks
Test substance | DPPH test | β- Carotene/ linoleic acid |
---|---|---|
1 | 1141.10 ± 0.05e
| 14.77 ± 0.49a
|
3 | nd | 98.09 ± 9.32b
|
7 | 135.39 ± 3.33abc
| 108.13 ± 17.59b
|
8 | 180.08 ± 83.07bc
| 291.68 ± 77.58c
|
9 | 277.55 ± 77.28d
| nd |
10 | 190.82 ± 74.30cd
| nd |
11 | 1961.90 ± 0.05f
| 768.24 ± 0.03f
|
Hexane fraction | nd | 660.73 ± 21.52e
|
Crude extract | 84.86 ± 0.00a
| 128.52 ± 0.00b
|
Ethyl acetate fraction | 93.65 ± 0.00ab
| 91.21 ± 0.00b
|
n-butanol fraction | 100.58 ± 0.00ab
| 128.04 ± 0.00b
|
L-ascorbic acid | 58.29 ± 0.25a
| 386.26 ± 1.09d
|