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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 8/2018

27.02.2018 | Epilepsie | Originalien

Antiepileptika in der Stillzeit

Wie beraten wir die Mütter?

verfasst von: M. Crettenand, Prof. Dr. A. O. Rossetti, Prof. Dr. T. Buclin, Dr. U. Winterfeld

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 8/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Datenlage zum Übergang von Antiepileptika in die Muttermilch und etwaige Konsequenzen für gestillte Kinder ist begrenzt. Angesichts dieser Unsicherheit, wird einer Vielzahl von Patientinnen vom Stillen abgeraten. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die verfügbaren Daten zur Anwendung von Antiepileptika in der Stillzeit umfassend zu überprüfen und mit den Angaben der Fachinformationen der Fertigarzneimittel zu vergleichen. Weiterhin werden Empfehlungen für die Anwendung dieser Arzneimittel in der Stillzeit geben.

Methodik

Es wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche zur Anwendung von 23 Antiepileptika in der Stillzeit durchgeführt. Die Kompatibilität jedes Antiepileptikums mit dem Stillen wurde mithilfe einer von uns entwickelten und validierten Skala sowohl auf der Grundlage der Literaturrecherche als auch der Empfehlungen der Fachinformationen abgeschätzt und verglichen.

Ergebnisse

Es wurden 75 Artikel mit relevanten Daten zu 15 Antiepileptika beim Stillen ausgewertet. Der Vergleich zwischen den Werten der Kompatibilitätsskala der Literaturrecherche und der Fachinformationen zeigte einen sehr niedrigen Grad der Übereinstimmung (gewichtetes Kappa: 0,08).

Diskussion

Phenobarbital, Primidon, Carbamazepin, Valproat und Levetiracetam sind wahrscheinlich mit dem Stillen kompatibel. Die Behandlung mit Phenytoin, Ethosuximid, Clonazepam, Oxcarbazepin, Vigabatrin, Topiramat, Gabapentin, Pregabalin, Lamotrigin und Zonisamid während des Stillens ist möglich; gestillte Säuglinge sollten jedoch sorgfältig auf Nebenwirkungen überwacht werden. Da die Daten zu Mesuximid, Clobazam, Rufinamid, Felbamat, Lacosamid, Sultiam, Perampanel und Retigabin für eine Risikobewertung unzureichend sind, ist die Anwendung in der Stillzeit prinzipiell nicht zu empfehlen und sollte im Einzelfall sorgfältig evaluiert werden. In der Praxis ist es ratsam, für jede Mutter, die ein Antiepileptikum einnimmt und ihr Kind stillen möchte, eine Nutzen-Risiko-Analyse durchzuführen, um alle relevanten Risikofaktoren in der individuellen Beratung der Patientin zu berücksichtigen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Antiepileptika in der Stillzeit
Wie beraten wir die Mütter?
verfasst von
M. Crettenand
Prof. Dr. A. O. Rossetti
Prof. Dr. T. Buclin
Dr. U. Winterfeld
Publikationsdatum
27.02.2018

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