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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 1/2019

20.08.2018 | Schizophrenie | Übersichten

Antipsychotikaassoziierte motorische Symptome bei schizophrenen Psychosen – Teil 1

Dystonien, Akathisie und Parkinsonismus

verfasst von: PD Dr. D. Hirjak, K. M. Kubera, S. Bienentreu, P. A. Thomann, R. C. Wolf

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 1/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Akute antipsychotikainduzierte Bewegungsstörungen (AIB) sind klinisch relevant, subjektiv häufig ausgesprochen beeinträchtigend und für die Therapieadhärenz in der Langzeitbehandlung schizophrener Psychosen potenziell nachteilig. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die aktuellen Studien zu Prävalenz, Risikofaktoren, Präventions- und Therapiemöglichkeiten sowie zur Voraussage akuter AIB bei schizophrenen Psychosen zusammen. Die aktuelle Evidenz und therapeutischen Empfehlungen gliedern sich in Abschnitte über akute Dystonien, Akathisie und Parkinsonismus. Für die Behandlung akuter Dystonien haben sich Trihexyphenidyl und Biperiden als hilfreich erwiesen. Zur Behandlung von Akathisie konnte die Wirksamkeit von lipophilen β‑Rezeptor-Blockern (Propranolol und Pindolol), Clonidin, Benzodiazepinen, Mianserin, Mirtazapin und Trazadon nachgewiesen werden. Die Therapie des antipsychotikainduzierten Parkinsonismus besteht in der Reduktion oder Umstellung des Antipsychotikums auf ein Präparat mit geringerer Affinität zum Dopamin-D2-Rezeptor oder in der regelmäßigen Gabe von Amantadin oder Anticholinergika. Zusammenfassend können akute AIB zwar präzise diagnostiziert, jedoch nicht immer effektiv und nachhaltig behandelt werden. Die Früherkennung und Frühbehandlung akuter AIB könnte gegebenenfalls auch die Krankheitsprognose und das klinische Outcome günstig beeinflussen.
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Fußnoten
1
Die aktuelle Evidenz zur Behandlung antipsychotikaassoziierter katatoner Phänomene und des malignen neuroleptischen Syndroms soll im Rahmen einer eigenständigen systematischen Übersicht in dieser Zeitschrift dargestellt werden.
 
2
Zugleich stehen die Empfehlungen auch im Einklang mit der klinischen Erfahrung und Praxis der Autoren.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Antipsychotikaassoziierte motorische Symptome bei schizophrenen Psychosen – Teil 1
Dystonien, Akathisie und Parkinsonismus
verfasst von
PD Dr. D. Hirjak
K. M. Kubera
S. Bienentreu
P. A. Thomann
R. C. Wolf
Publikationsdatum
20.08.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 1/2019
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-018-0582-5

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