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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 3/2006

01.03.2006 | Übersichten

Antipsychotikainduzierte QT-Verlängerung

verfasst von: Dr. W. Haverkamp, M. Deuschle

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 3/2006

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Zusammenfassung

Antipsychotika gehören zu den Medikamenten, die eine Verzögerung der myokardialen Erregungsrückbildung und damit eine Verlängerung des QT-Intervalls im Oberflächen-EKG bewirken können. In Zusammenhang hiermit kann es im Einzelfall, bei prädisponierten Patienten, zu einer abnormen, überschießenden QT-Verlängerung und schwerwiegenden ventrikulären Herzrhythmusstörungen vom Typ der „torsade de pointes“ (TdP) kommen. Meist ist ein Pharmakon nicht die einzige Ursache, sondern weitere Faktoren sind an der Entstehung der resultierenden Arrhythmien beteiligt. Hierzu gehören z. B. eine Serumhypokaliämie, Bradykardien, Medikamentenkombinationen, Medikamentenüberdosierungen oder Intoxikationen, beispielsweise durch Metabolisierungs- oder Ausscheidungsstörung. TdP können auch auftreten, wenn lediglich eine schwerwiegende Hypokaliämie und/oder ausgeprägte Bradykardie vorliegen. Eine Verzögerung der myokardialen Erregungsrückbildung lässt sich unter experimentellen Bedingungen bei fast allen Antipsychotika nachweisen. Das Ausmaß der QT-Verlängerung im Oberflächen-EKG ist unterschiedlich. Gut belegt ist der Zusammenhang zwischen überschießender QT-Verlängerung und TdP für Thioridazin. Fallberichte liegen auch für andere Antipsychotika vor. Auch wenn es sich bei TdP um eine seltene Nebenwirkung von Antipsychotika handelt, sollten die Charakteristika dieser besonderen unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkung demjenigen bekannt sein, der Antipsychotika verschreibt. Es gilt, die Risikofaktoren für das Auftreten solcher Effekte zu erkennen und vor und während Therapie mit Antipsychotika zu kontrollieren.
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Metadaten
Titel
Antipsychotikainduzierte QT-Verlängerung
verfasst von
Dr. W. Haverkamp
M. Deuschle
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2006
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 3/2006
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-005-1966-x

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