Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Herz 3/2018

22.03.2018 | CME

Aortenerkrankungen

Moderne diagnostische und therapeutische Empfehlungen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. R. Erbel, FESC, EFACC, FAHA, FASE

Erschienen in: Herz | Ausgabe 3/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Unter Aortenerkrankungen werden sowohl thorakale als auch abdominelle Formen zusammengefasst. Ätiologisch spielen kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren, insbesondere die arterielle Hypertonie, aber auch Rauchen und Fettstoffwechselstörungen eine wichtige Rolle. Zunehmend werden auch genetische Prädispositionen identifiziert, die zu familiär gehäuft nachweisbaren Aortenerkrankungen führen. Selbst Aortenaneurysmen bleiben lange asymptomatisch und werden oft erst im Rahmen akuter Ereignisse manifest. Das Screening auf abdominelle Aortenaneurysmen hat an Bedeutung gewonnen. Zu den akuten Aortenerkrankungen gehören die akute Aortendissektion, das intramurale Hämatom, das penetrierende Aortenulkus und die traumatischen Verletzungen der Aortenwand. Unter Verwendung vorgegebener Algorithmen wird in der Notaufnahme gewährleistet, dass eine schnelle und sichere Diagnostik mit der evtl. notwendigen Entscheidung zur operativen oder/und endovaskulären/interventionellen Therapie („thoracic/endovascular aortic repair“, TEVAR/EVAR) in speziell ausgerichteten Zentren erfolgt.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Sampson UKA, Norman PE, Fowkes GR et al (2014) Global and regional burden of aortic dissection and aneurysms. Glob Heart 8:171–180CrossRef Sampson UKA, Norman PE, Fowkes GR et al (2014) Global and regional burden of aortic dissection and aneurysms. Glob Heart 8:171–180CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Sampson UKA, Norman PE, Fowkes GR et al (2014) Estimation of global and regional incidence and prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms 1990 to 2010. Glob Heart 8:159–170CrossRef Sampson UKA, Norman PE, Fowkes GR et al (2014) Estimation of global and regional incidence and prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms 1990 to 2010. Glob Heart 8:159–170CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Erbel R, Aboyans V, Boileau C et al (2014) ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. 2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult. The task force for the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 35:2873–2926PubMedCrossRef Erbel R, Aboyans V, Boileau C et al (2014) ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. 2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult. The task force for the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 35:2873–2926PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Evangelista A, Flachskampf FA, Erbel R et al (2010) Echocardiography in aortic diseases: EAE recommendations for clinical practice. Eur J Echocardiogr 11:645–658PubMedCrossRef Evangelista A, Flachskampf FA, Erbel R et al (2010) Echocardiography in aortic diseases: EAE recommendations for clinical practice. Eur J Echocardiogr 11:645–658PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Hagan PG, Nienaber CA, Isselbacher EM et al (2000) The International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD): new insights into an old disease. JAMA 283:897–903PubMedCrossRef Hagan PG, Nienaber CA, Isselbacher EM et al (2000) The International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD): new insights into an old disease. JAMA 283:897–903PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Nienaber CA, von Kodolitsch Y, Nicolas V et al (1993) The diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection by noninvasive imaging procedures. N Engl J Med 328:1–9PubMedCrossRef Nienaber CA, von Kodolitsch Y, Nicolas V et al (1993) The diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection by noninvasive imaging procedures. N Engl J Med 328:1–9PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Moore AG, Eagle KA, Bruckman D et al (2002) Choice of computed tomography, transesophageal echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and aortography in acute aortic dissection: International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD). Am J Cardiol 89:1235–1238PubMedCrossRef Moore AG, Eagle KA, Bruckman D et al (2002) Choice of computed tomography, transesophageal echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and aortography in acute aortic dissection: International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD). Am J Cardiol 89:1235–1238PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Kälsch H, Lehmann N, Möhlenkamp S et al (2013) Body-surface adjusted aortic reference diameters for improved identification of patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms: results from the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study. Int J Cardiol 163:72–78PubMedCrossRef Kälsch H, Lehmann N, Möhlenkamp S et al (2013) Body-surface adjusted aortic reference diameters for improved identification of patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms: results from the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study. Int J Cardiol 163:72–78PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Joh JH, Ahn HJ, Park HC (2013) Reference diameters of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries in the Korean population. Yonsei Med J 54:48–54PubMedCrossRef Joh JH, Ahn HJ, Park HC (2013) Reference diameters of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries in the Korean population. Yonsei Med J 54:48–54PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Gdynia HJ, Kuhnlein P, Ludolph AC, Huber R (2008) Connective tissue disorders in dissections of the carotid or vertebral arteries. J Clin Neurosci 15:489–494PubMedCrossRef Gdynia HJ, Kuhnlein P, Ludolph AC, Huber R (2008) Connective tissue disorders in dissections of the carotid or vertebral arteries. J Clin Neurosci 15:489–494PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Wessels M, Willems PJ (2012) Arterial anomalies in arterial tortuosity syndrome: a sour-sweet pathology? Clin Genet 82:30–32PubMedCrossRef Wessels M, Willems PJ (2012) Arterial anomalies in arterial tortuosity syndrome: a sour-sweet pathology? Clin Genet 82:30–32PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Loeys BL, Schwarze U, Holm T et al (2006) Aneurysm syndromes caused by mutations in the TGF-beta receptor. N Engl J Med 355:788–798PubMedCrossRef Loeys BL, Schwarze U, Holm T et al (2006) Aneurysm syndromes caused by mutations in the TGF-beta receptor. N Engl J Med 355:788–798PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Stheneur C, Collod-Beroud G, Faivre L et al (2008) Identification of 23 TGFBR2 and 6 TGFBR1 gene mutations and genotype-phenotype investigations in 457 patients with Marfan syndrome type I and II, Loeys-Dietz syndrome and related disorders. Hum Mutat 29:E284–E295PubMedCrossRef Stheneur C, Collod-Beroud G, Faivre L et al (2008) Identification of 23 TGFBR2 and 6 TGFBR1 gene mutations and genotype-phenotype investigations in 457 patients with Marfan syndrome type I and II, Loeys-Dietz syndrome and related disorders. Hum Mutat 29:E284–E295PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Robinson PN, Arteaga-Solis E, Baldock C et al (2006) The molecular genetics of Marfan syndrome and related disorders. J Med Genet 43:769–787PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Robinson PN, Arteaga-Solis E, Baldock C et al (2006) The molecular genetics of Marfan syndrome and related disorders. J Med Genet 43:769–787PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Turtle EJ, Sule AA, Bath LE et al (2013) Assessing and addressing cardiovascular risk in adults with Turner syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 78:639–645CrossRef Turtle EJ, Sule AA, Bath LE et al (2013) Assessing and addressing cardiovascular risk in adults with Turner syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 78:639–645CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Oderich GS, Panneton JM, Bower TC et al (2005) The spectrum, management and clinical outcome of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV: a 30-year experience. J Vasc Surg 42:98–106PubMedCrossRef Oderich GS, Panneton JM, Bower TC et al (2005) The spectrum, management and clinical outcome of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV: a 30-year experience. J Vasc Surg 42:98–106PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Kent KC (2014) Clinical practice. Abdominal aortic aneurysms. N Engl J Med 371:2101–2108PubMedCrossRef Kent KC (2014) Clinical practice. Abdominal aortic aneurysms. N Engl J Med 371:2101–2108PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Erbel R, Eggebrecht H, Falb V et al (2015) ESC Pocket Guidelines der DGK Aortenerkrankungen. B Bruckmeierverlag, Grünwald Erbel R, Eggebrecht H, Falb V et al (2015) ESC Pocket Guidelines der DGK Aortenerkrankungen. B Bruckmeierverlag, Grünwald
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA et al (2010) 2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with Thoracic Aortic Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine. Circulation 121(13):e266–e369. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181d4739e PubMedCrossRef Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA et al (2010) 2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with Thoracic Aortic Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine. Circulation 121(13):e266–e369. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1161/​CIR.​0b013e3181d4739e​ PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Gorla R, Erbel R, Kahlert P et al (2017) Accuracy of a diagnostic strategy combining aortic dissection detection risk score and D‑dimer levels in patients with suspected acute aortic syndrome. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 6:371–378PubMedCrossRef Gorla R, Erbel R, Kahlert P et al (2017) Accuracy of a diagnostic strategy combining aortic dissection detection risk score and D‑dimer levels in patients with suspected acute aortic syndrome. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 6:371–378PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Eggebrecht H, Naber CK, Bruch C et al (2004) Value of plasma fibrin D‑dimers for detection of acute aortic dissection. J Am Coll Cardiol 44:804–809PubMedCrossRef Eggebrecht H, Naber CK, Bruch C et al (2004) Value of plasma fibrin D‑dimers for detection of acute aortic dissection. J Am Coll Cardiol 44:804–809PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Gorla R, Erbel R, Kahlert P et al (2017) Diagnostic role and prognostic implications of D‑dimer in different classes of acute aortic syndromes. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 6:379–388PubMedCrossRef Gorla R, Erbel R, Kahlert P et al (2017) Diagnostic role and prognostic implications of D‑dimer in different classes of acute aortic syndromes. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 6:379–388PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Nienaber CA, Rousseau H, Eggebrecht H et al (2009) Randomized comparison of strategies for type B aortic dissection: the INvestigation of STEnt Grafts in Aortic Dissection (INSTEAD) trial. Circulation 120:2519–2528PubMedCrossRef Nienaber CA, Rousseau H, Eggebrecht H et al (2009) Randomized comparison of strategies for type B aortic dissection: the INvestigation of STEnt Grafts in Aortic Dissection (INSTEAD) trial. Circulation 120:2519–2528PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Nienaber CA, Kische S, Rousseau H et al (2013) Endovascular repair of type B aortic dissection: long-term results of the randomized investigation of stent grafts in aortic dissection trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 6:407–416PubMedCrossRef Nienaber CA, Kische S, Rousseau H et al (2013) Endovascular repair of type B aortic dissection: long-term results of the randomized investigation of stent grafts in aortic dissection trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 6:407–416PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Pape LA, Awais M, Woznicki EM et al (2015) Presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes of acute aortic dissection: 17-Year trends from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection. J Am Coll Cardiol 66:350–358PubMedCrossRef Pape LA, Awais M, Woznicki EM et al (2015) Presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes of acute aortic dissection: 17-Year trends from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection. J Am Coll Cardiol 66:350–358PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Shiga T, Wajima Z, Apfel CC et al (2006) Diagnostic accuracy of transesophageal echocardiography, helical computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging for suspected thoracic aortic dissection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 166:1350–1356PubMedCrossRef Shiga T, Wajima Z, Apfel CC et al (2006) Diagnostic accuracy of transesophageal echocardiography, helical computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging for suspected thoracic aortic dissection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 166:1350–1356PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Jakob H, Tsagakis K, Dohle DS et al (2011) Hybrid room technology as a prerequisite for the modern therapy of aortic dissection. Herz 36:525–530PubMedCrossRef Jakob H, Tsagakis K, Dohle DS et al (2011) Hybrid room technology as a prerequisite for the modern therapy of aortic dissection. Herz 36:525–530PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Patel HJ, Williams DM, Dasika NL et al (2008) Operative delay for peripheral malperfusion syndrome in acute type A aortic dissection: a long-term analysis. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 135:1288–1295 (discussion 1295–6)CrossRef Patel HJ, Williams DM, Dasika NL et al (2008) Operative delay for peripheral malperfusion syndrome in acute type A aortic dissection: a long-term analysis. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 135:1288–1295 (discussion 1295–6)CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsagakis K, Pizanis N, Kamler M et al (2008) ICU controlled delay for acute type a aortic dissection repair after intervention for total visceral malperfusion: a way out of a dilemma? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 56:298–300PubMedCrossRef Tsagakis K, Pizanis N, Kamler M et al (2008) ICU controlled delay for acute type a aortic dissection repair after intervention for total visceral malperfusion: a way out of a dilemma? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 56:298–300PubMedCrossRef
31.
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Sweeting MJ, Thompson SG, Brown LC, Powell JT (2012) Meta-analysis of individual patient data to examine factors affecting growth and rupture of small abdominal aortic aneurysms. Br J Surg 99:655–665PubMedCrossRef Sweeting MJ, Thompson SG, Brown LC, Powell JT (2012) Meta-analysis of individual patient data to examine factors affecting growth and rupture of small abdominal aortic aneurysms. Br J Surg 99:655–665PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Jovin IS, Duggal M, Ebisu K et al (2012) Comparison of the effect on long-term outcomes in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms of taking versus not taking a statin drug. Am J Cardiol 109:1050–1054PubMedCrossRef Jovin IS, Duggal M, Ebisu K et al (2012) Comparison of the effect on long-term outcomes in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms of taking versus not taking a statin drug. Am J Cardiol 109:1050–1054PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Stein LH, Berger J, Tranquilli M, Elefteraides JA (2013) Effect of statin drugs on thoracic aortic aneurysms. Am J Cardiol 112:1240–1245PubMedCrossRef Stein LH, Berger J, Tranquilli M, Elefteraides JA (2013) Effect of statin drugs on thoracic aortic aneurysms. Am J Cardiol 112:1240–1245PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat de Bruin JL, Baas AF, Heymans MW et al (2014) Statin therapy is associated with improved survival after endovascular and open aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 59:39–44PubMedCrossRef de Bruin JL, Baas AF, Heymans MW et al (2014) Statin therapy is associated with improved survival after endovascular and open aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 59:39–44PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Karthikesalingam A, Bahia SS, Patterson BO et al (2013) The shortfall in long-term survival of patients with repaired thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysms: retrospective case-control analysis of hospital episode statistics. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 46:533–541PubMedCrossRef Karthikesalingam A, Bahia SS, Patterson BO et al (2013) The shortfall in long-term survival of patients with repaired thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysms: retrospective case-control analysis of hospital episode statistics. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 46:533–541PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Thrumurthy SG, Karthikesalingam A, Patterson BO et al (2011) A systematic review of mid–term outcomes of thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) of chronic type B aortic dissection. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 42:632–647PubMedCrossRef Thrumurthy SG, Karthikesalingam A, Patterson BO et al (2011) A systematic review of mid–term outcomes of thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) of chronic type B aortic dissection. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 42:632–647PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Jakob H, Dohle DS, Piotrowski J et al (2012) Six-year experience with a hybrid stent graft prosthesis for extensive thoracic aortic disease: an interim balance. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 42:1018–1025PubMedCrossRef Jakob H, Dohle DS, Piotrowski J et al (2012) Six-year experience with a hybrid stent graft prosthesis for extensive thoracic aortic disease: an interim balance. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 42:1018–1025PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Shrestha M, Martens A, Kruger H et al (2014) Total aortic arch replacement with the elephant trunk technique: single-centre 30-year results. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 45:289–229PubMedCrossRef Shrestha M, Martens A, Kruger H et al (2014) Total aortic arch replacement with the elephant trunk technique: single-centre 30-year results. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 45:289–229PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Roselli EE, Rafael A, Soltesz EG et al (2013) Simplified frozen elephant trunk repair for acute DeBakey type I dissection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 145:S197–S201PubMedCrossRef Roselli EE, Rafael A, Soltesz EG et al (2013) Simplified frozen elephant trunk repair for acute DeBakey type I dissection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 145:S197–S201PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsagakis K, Pacini D, Di Bartolomeo R et al (2010) Multicenter early experience with extended aortic repair in acute aortic dissection: is simultaneous descending stent grafting justified? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 140:S116–S120 (discussion S142–S146)PubMedCrossRef Tsagakis K, Pacini D, Di Bartolomeo R et al (2010) Multicenter early experience with extended aortic repair in acute aortic dissection: is simultaneous descending stent grafting justified? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 140:S116–S120 (discussion S142–S146)PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Aortenerkrankungen
Moderne diagnostische und therapeutische Empfehlungen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. R. Erbel, FESC, EFACC, FAHA, FASE
Publikationsdatum
22.03.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Herz / Ausgabe 3/2018
Print ISSN: 0340-9937
Elektronische ISSN: 1615-6692
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-018-4694-2

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2018

Herz 3/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.