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Erschienen in: Der Radiologe 7/2017

06.06.2017 | Apoplex | Übersichten

Schlaganfall bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. S. Meyer, M. Poryo, M. Flotats-Bastardas, D. Ebrahimi-Fakhari, U. Yilmaz

Erschienen in: Die Radiologie | Ausgabe 7/2017

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Zusammenfassung

Das Auftreten eines Schlaganfalls bei Kindern und Jugendlichen stellt ein seltenes kritisches Ereignis dar, das mit einer relevanten Morbidität und Mortalität verbunden ist. Neben dem individuellen Leid für die jungen Patienten und der Belastung für die betroffenen Familien ist ein Schlaganfall durch notwendige langfristige rehabilitative Maßnahmen auch mit hohen Folgekosten für das Gesundheitssystem verbunden. Eine frühzeitige Diagnosestellung ist von großer therapeutischer Bedeutung. Aufgrund der Seltenheit der Erkrankung und der vielfältigen klinischen Symptomatik wird die Diagnose oft deutlich verzögert gestellt. Klinisches Leitsymptom bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ist ein akutes, fokal-neurologisches Defizit meist in Form einer Hemiparese, aber auch Kopfschmerzen, Krampfanfälle und Bewusstseinsstörungen können klinisch führend sein. Heutzutage stellt die unmittelbar durchzuführende Magnetresonanztomographie mit diffusionsgewichteten und blutungssensitiven Sequenzen den Goldstandard dar. Die relevantesten Risikofaktoren für das Auftreten eines Schlaganfalls in dieser Alterskohorte sind Vaskulopathien, Infektionen, kardiale Ursachen sowie Koagulopathien. Das Auftreten eines Schlaganfallrezidivs ist abhängig von den zugrunde liegenden Risikofaktoren. In einem nicht unerheblichen Prozentsatz ist mit neurologischer Residualsymptomatik zu rechnen.
Aufgrund einer bis heute unzureichenden Studienlage bei Kindern und Jugendlichen bestehen weiterhin Kontroversen bezüglich des optimalen therapeutischen Vorgehens. Neben der Gabe von Plättchenaggregationshemmern und Vollheparinisierung stellen die systemische intravenöse Thrombolyse und die endovaskuläre Thrombektomie weitere, potenziell wirkungsvolle Therapieoptionen dar. Um eine effektive Therapie frühzeitig zu initiieren, ist die rechtzeitige Diagnosestellung für das Langzeit-Outcome von entscheidender Bedeutung.
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Metadaten
Titel
Schlaganfall bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. S. Meyer
M. Poryo
M. Flotats-Bastardas
D. Ebrahimi-Fakhari
U. Yilmaz
Publikationsdatum
06.06.2017
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Radiologie / Ausgabe 7/2017
Print ISSN: 2731-7048
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7056
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-017-0265-4

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