Background
Methods
Search strategy
Eligibility criteria
Data extraction and quality evaluation
Statistical analysis
Results
Study selection
First author | Year | Country | Ethnicity | Age (years) | Gender (F/M) | MRI machine type | b value (s/mm2) | b value (s/mm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sevcenco S [21] | 2014 | Austria | Caucasians | 64(21–85) | - | Siemens | 500/1000 | 71 |
Zhang YL [29] | 2013 | China | Asians | 52 | 41/23 | GE | 500 | 121 |
Agnello F [30] | 2013 | France | Caucasians | 61.6(27–88) | 19/16 | Philips | 1000 | 47 |
Yu X [31] | 2012 | China | Asians | 53 (30–81) | 93/44 | GE | 800 | 274 |
Rheinheimer S [32] | 2012 | Germany | Caucasians | 60.4 (36–83) | 37/19 | Siemens | 800 | 54 |
Inci E [33] | 2012 | Turkey | Asians | 53.5 | 74/61 | Siemens | 500/1000 | 88 |
Zhang YL-a [34] | 2011 | China | Asians | 7-79 | - | Philips | 500 | 97 |
Zhang YL-c [34] | 2011 | China | Asians | 7-79 | - | Philips | 800 | 97 |
Zhang YL-d [34] | 2011 | China | Asians | 7-79 | - | Philips | 1000 | 97 |
Zhang J [35] | 2011 | China | Asians | 30-76 | - | GE | 800 | 40 |
Tanaka H[14] | 2011 | Japan | Asians | 57 (38 ~ 78) | 21/14 | Philips | 800 | 82 |
Razek AA [10] | 2011 | Egypt | Africans | 5-67 | 24/28 | GE | 800 | 54 |
Doganay S-b [36] | 2011 | Turkey | Asians | 53(1–76) | 25/33 | GE | 600 | 117 |
Doganay S-d [36] | 2011 | Turkey | Asians | 53(1–76) | 25/33 | GE | 1000 | 117 |
Kim S [37] | 2009 | USA | Caucasians | - | - | Siemens | 400/800 | 64 |
Kilickesmez O [38] | 2009 | Turkey | Asians | 45.6 | 46/56 | Siemens | 500/1000 | 66 |
Manenti G [39] | 2008 | Italy | Caucasians | 58.8(30–85) | 22/15 | Philips | 500 | 37 |
Yoshikawa T [40] | 2006 | Japan | Asians | 61.9 | 122/78 | Philips | 600 | 20 |
Squillaci E [41] | 2004 | Italy | Caucasians | 55.7(29–85) | 20/18 | Philips | 500 | 38 |
Results of meta-analysis
Subgroup analyses
Normal VS. Malignant | Benign VS. Malignant | Normal VS. Benign | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SMD | 95% CI |
P
| SMD | 95% CI |
P
| SMD | 95% CI |
P
| |
Ethnicity: | |||||||||
Asians | 2.54 | 1.71-3.37 | <0.001 | 0.22 | −1.45-0.77 | 0.016 | 2.84 | 1.30-4.39 | < 0.001 |
Caucasians | 1.85 | 1.24-2.45 | < 0.001 | −1.07 | 0.43-2.62 | 0.013 | - | - | - |
Africans | - | - | - | −1.00 | −1.74-(−0.26) | 0.008 | - | - | - |
Machine type: | |||||||||
GE | 1.73 | 0.94-2.52 | < 0.001 | −0.05 | −0.21-0.30 | 0.713 | 0.74 | −0.55-2.04 | 0.259 |
SIEMENS | 3.34 | 1.50-5.17 | < 0.001 | −0.58 | −0.91-(−0.26) | < 0.001 | 4.21 | 3.14-5.28 | < 0.001 |
PHILIPS | 2.52 | 1.07-3.98 | 0.001 | 2.21 | 1.90-2.53 | < 0.001 | 4.15 | 1.56-6.73 | 0.002 |
b value: | |||||||||
500 | 2.08 | 1.11-3.05 | < 0.001 | 1.85 | 1.48-2.22 | < 0.001 | 3.36 | 1.22-5.49 | 0.002 |
600 | 0.94 | 0.47-1.41 | < 0.001 | −0.27 | −0.70-0.17 | 0.233 | −0.10 | −0.53-0.34 | 0.664 |
800 | 2.22 | 0.97-3.48 | 0.001 | 1.43 | 0.95-1.90 | < 0.001 | 2.99 | −1.82-7.80 | 0.223 |
1000 | 2.55 | −0.37-5.48 | 0.087 | 0.59 | 0.25-0.93 | 0.001 | 3.11 | −2.87-9.08 | 0.308 |
400/800 | - | - | - | −1.37 | −1.93-(−0.82) | < 0.001 | - | - | - |
500/1000 | 4.19 | 3.45-4.93 | < 0.001 | −0.18 | −0.58-0.22 | 0.375 | 4.21 | 3.14-5.28 | < 0.001 |
Sensitivity analysis and publication bias
Regression analysis
Heterogeneity factors | Coefficient | SE | t | P (Adjusted) | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LL | UL | |||||
Year | 0.107 | 0.422 | 0.25 | 1 | −0.925 | 1.138 |
Sample Size | 0.005 | 0.112 | 0.45 | 0.994 | −0.223 | 0.032 |
Country | 0.18 | 0.54 | 0.33 | 0.998 | −1.14 | 1.5 |
Language | 2.372 | 2.667 | 0.89 | 0.878 | −4.154 | 8.898 |
Ethnicity | −0.353 | 1.501 | −0.24 | 1 | −4.025 | 3.32 |
Machine type | −0.056 | 0.792 | −0.07 | 1 | −1.993 | 1.88 |
b value | −0.338 | 0.454 | −0.74 | 0.941 | −1.449 | 0.774 |
Heterogeneity factors | Coefficient | SE | t | P (Adjusted) | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LL | UL | |||||
Year | −0.424 | 0.358 | −1.18 | 0.771 | −1.204 | 0.356 |
Sample Size | −0.003 | 0.025 | −0.12 | 1 | −0.058 | 0.052 |
Country | −0.461 | 0.315 | −1.47 | 0.598 | −1.147 | 0.224 |
Language | 1.857 | 1.721 | 1.08 | 0.827 | −1.895 | 5.608 |
Ethnicity | 0.159 | 0.752 | 0.21 | 1 | −1.48 | 1.8 |
Machine type | 0.433 | 0.74 | 0.59 | 0.988 | −1.18 | 2.047 |
b value | 0.038 | 0.332 | 0.11 | 1 | −0.686 | 0.761 |
Heterogeneity factors | Coefficient | SE | t | P (Adjusted) | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LL | UL | |||||
Year | −3.385 | 0.97 | −3.49 | 0.114 | −7.558 | 0.789 |
Sample Size | −0.364 | 0.07 | −5.18 | 0.149 | −0.667 | −0.061 |
Country | −1.785 | 0.259 | −6.89 | 0.026 | −2.901 | −0.67 |
Machine type | −5.645 | 1.444 | −3.91 | 0.092 | −11.856 | 0.567 |
b value | −0.383 | 0.263 | 1.46 | 0.492 | −0.746 | 1.513 |