Background
Methods
Study population
ECG measurements
Electrophysiological study and radiofrequency ablation
Post ablation follow-up
Statistical analysis
Results
Study population
Group | Male gender | Age, years | Disease duration, years | PVC count (number/24 h) | Hypertension | Diabetes | LV enlargement | NSVT | PVCs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transaortic (n = 22) | 11 (50.0) | 55.5 ± 18.8 | 3.06 ± 2.37 | 26129 ± 10200 | 9 (40.9) | 1 (4) | 8 (36.4) | 5 | 17 (77.3) |
Transseptal (n = 10) | 6 (60.0) | 59.7 ± 15.8 | 2.80 ± 2.24 | 25025 ± 10078 | 5 (50.0) | / | 3 (30.0) | 3 | 7 (70.0) |
Trans-DGCV (n = 13) | 7 (53.8) | 56.1 ± 13.7 | 2.79 ± 2.35 | 29543 ± 14197 | 5 (38.5) | / | 4 (30.8) | 4 | 9 (69.2) |
Results of electrophysiological study, mapping and ablation
Group | Time of earliest ventricular activation preceding QRS onset, ms | Number of similar lead counts between spontaneous PVCs and Pace | RF lesions prior to success | Target site discharge time for PVCs/VT disappearance, s | Ablation time, s | Procedure time, min | X-ray exposure time, min |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TA | 33.95 ± 5.43a
| 10.94 ± 1.87†
| 2.58 ± 1.59a
| 7.4 ± 3.4 a
| 139.9 ± 32.4*
| 70.23 ± 22.95a
| 9.41 ± 3.92a
|
TS | 28.23 ± 2.26 | 6.67 ± 4.56 | 5.94 ± 3.28 | 10.7 ± 5.2 | 366.9 ± 78.4 | 85.68 ± 21.94 | 19.08 ± 3.36 |
TGCV | 35.54 ± 6.44 | 11.5 ± 0.7 | 2.08 ± 1.23a
| 7.5 ± 3.1a
| 289.4 ± 58.4‡
| 70.61 ± 21.85a
| 10.19 ± 3.94a
|
Electrocardiographic characteristics
Number | group | QRS axis | QRS morphology | Transition | PdW | IDT | MDI | aVL/aVR | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | V1
| V4-V6
| Zone | ms | Ms | |||||
Case 1 | TA | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 55 | 61 | 0.30 | 1.2 |
Case 2 | TA | Inferior | Rs | R | R | <V1
| 56 | 71 | 0.38 | 0.8 |
Case 3 | TA | Inferior | rs | R | R | <V1
| 39 | 52 | 0.42 | 1.1 |
Case 4 | TA | Inferior | rs | R | R | <V1
| 50 | 60 | 0.35 | 1.0 |
Case 5 | TA | Inferior | Rs | R | R | <V1
| 42 | 59 | 0.29 | 0.9 |
Case 6 | TA | Inferior | rs | R | R | <V1
| 35 | 79 | 0.49 | 1.0 |
Case 7 | TA | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 46 | 55 | 0.37 | 1.4 |
Case 8 | TA | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 32 | 43 | 0.50 | 1.3 |
Case 9 | TA | Inferior | Rs | Rs | R | <V1
| 51 | 80 | 0.44 | 0.8 |
Case 10 | TA | Inferior | rs | R | R | <V1
| 44 | 55 | 0.33 | 1.2 |
Case 11 | TA | Inferior | rs | R | R | <V1
| 48 | 64 | 0.50 | 1.0 |
Case 12 | TA | Inferior | Rs | R | R | <V1
| 50 | 65 | 0.38 | 1.1 |
Case 13 | TA | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 51 | 63 | 0.48 | 1.5 |
Case 14 | TA | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 33 | 54 | 0.35 | 1.4 |
Case 15 | TA | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 42 | 73 | 0.49 | 1.2 |
Case 16 | TA | Inferior | Rs | R | R | <V1
| 50 | 67 | 0.46 | 1.3 |
Case 17 | TA | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 44 | 49 | 0.29 | 1.3 |
Case 18 | TA | Inferior | rs | R | R | <V1
| 46 | 62 | 0.45 | 1.2 |
Case 19 | TA | Inferior | rs | r | R | <V1
| 36 | 64 | 0.41 | 0.9 |
Case 20 | TA | Inferior | rs | R | R | <V1
| 43 | 75 | 0.34 | 1.3 |
Case 21 | TA | Inferior | rs | Rs | R | <V1
| 45 | 57 | 0.28 | 1.0 |
Case 22 | TA | Inferior | rs | R | R | <V1
| 43 | 58 | 0.28 | 1.1 |
Case 23 | TS | Inferior | rs | R | R | <V1
| 67 | 86 | 0.56 | 1.2 |
Case 24 | TS | Inferior | rS | Rs | R | <V1
| 55 | 70 | 0.45 | 1.0 |
Case 25 | TS | Inferior | rS | R | Rs | <V1
| 58 | 77 | 0.51 | 1.8 |
Case 26 | TS | Inferior | rS | Rs | R | <V1
| 53 | 60 | 0.41 | 1.1 |
Case 27 | TS | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 52 | 64 | 0.51 | 1. |
Case 28 | TS | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 69 | 85 | 0.55 | 1 |
Case 29 | TS | Inferior | rS | Rs | R | <V1
| 59 | 89 | 0.53 | 0.9 |
Case 30 | TS | Inferior | R | rsR | R | V1 ~ V2
| 42 | 65 | 0.43 | 1.2 |
Case 31 | TS | Inferior | r | rs | R | V1
| 48 | 57 | 0.45 | 1.2 |
Case 32 | TS | Inferior | rs | qR | Rs | <V1
| 42 | 58 | 0.40 | 1.3 |
Case 33 | TGCV | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 66 | 75 | 0.46 | 1.0 |
Case 34 | |TGCV | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 59 | 76 | 0.51 | 1.3 |
Case 35 | TGCV | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 65 | 87 | 0.60 | 1.4 |
Case 36 | TGCV | Inferior | rS | R | Rs | <V1
| 61 | 76 | 0.55 | 1.2 |
Case 37 | TGCV | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 66 | 85 | 0.54 | 1.5 |
Case 38 | TGCV | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 65 | 91 | 0.63 | 1.7 |
Case 39 | TGCV | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 67 | 82 | 0.64 | 1.3 |
Case 40 | TGCV | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 65 | 81 | 0.46 | 1.1 |
Case 41 | TGCV | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 55 | 93 | 0.62 | 1.2 |
Case 42 | TGCV | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 63 | 80 | 0.47 | 1.5 |
Case 43 | TGCV | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 62 | 87 | 0.56 | 1.3 |
Case 44 | TGCV | Inferior | rS | R | R | <V1
| 56 | 75 | 0.47 | 1.3 |
Case 45 | TGCV | Inferior | rS | Rs | R | <V1 | 62 | 85 | 0.64 | 1.2 |
Group | 12-lead surface ECG | Transition | Transitional zone index | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | II/III/aVF | V1
| V2-V3
| V4-V6
| Zone | <0, n (%) | |
TA | Rs, rS or rs | R | R or Rs or r | R or Rs | R | <V1
| 22 (100) |
TS | rS or rs, r | R | R or Rs or qR or rsR or rs | R or Rs | R | ≤V1
| 10 (100) |
TGCV | rS | R | R or Rs | R or Rs | R | <V1
| 13 (100) |
Group | PdW, ms | IDT, ms | QRS, ms | MDI |
---|---|---|---|---|
TA | 44.59 ± 6.67 | 62.09 ± 9.45*
| 133.32 ± 9.07 | 0.39 ± 0.08*
|
TS | 49.69 ± 9.20 | 71.10 ± 12.36 | 142.43 ± 15.04 | 0.48 ± 0.06 |
TGCV | 62.46 ± 3.84* | 83.00 ± 6.06*
| 150.52 ± 12.33 | 0.55 ± 0.08*
|