Background
No. | Question |
---|---|
1 | Write the local name, commonly used by people. |
2 | Write other names, used more rarely in the locality. |
3 | Write names, ages and birth places of people who call this plant different names. |
4 | Specify the collection place (forest, arable field, meadow, scarp etc.) and date: |
5 | Mark months when the plant is collected for food with "x" [a table of months follows]. |
6 | Write the folk names of the edible part of the plant. |
7 | Do the oldest people remember this plant being collected in the past? When? |
8 | Is it collected now? |
9 | If it is no longer collected, specify why. |
10 | Who collects the plant (children, the elderly, women, men?). |
11 | Is it only collected during spring food shortages or in times of famine (e.g. war?). Answer precisely! |
12 | Is this plant only collected and eaten by children or also by adults? |
13 | Specify the names of dishes made with this plant. |
14 | Do people store this plant for winter? How is it stored? |
Space for other remarks. | |
Scientific name. |
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the Carpathians, a conservative traditional area, subject to the largest amount of ethnographic studies,
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the western and northern outskirts of Poland (Ziemie Odzyskane, i.e. Reclaimed Lands), largely ignored by ethnography, as they were reclaimed from Germany after World War II, and are inhabited mainly by Poles moved from the Soviet Union after WWII, with a small scattering of Poles and Germans who lived there before 1939 (most Germans or people of mixed origin left for Germany),
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the rest of Poland (lowland Poland), where rural culture has been studied in the most interesting regions, but on the whole less intensely than in the Carpathians.
Methods
Place | District (Powiat) | R | A | P | S | SN | Q1 | Q2 | I |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Możdżanowo | Słupsk | Pm | Z | 9 | 15 | 5 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Barwino | Słupsk | Pm | Z | 10 | 15 | 39 | 1 | 20 | 3 |
Tuchomie | Bytów | Pm | Z | 11 | 16 | 14 | 1 | 6 | 1 |
Studzienice | Bytów | Pm | Z | 11 | 17 | 11 | 1 | 6 | 1(1) |
Przerośl | Suwałki | Ps | L | 11 | 33 | 30 | 1 | 10 | 5 |
Słosinko i Falkowice | Bytów | Pm | Z | 12 | 15 | 12 | 1 | 6 | 3(3) |
Borsk | Kościerzyna | Pm | L | 12 | 18 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Wiele | Kościerzyna | Pm | L | 13 | 18 | 4 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Bargłów Dworny | Augustów | Ps | L | 13 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Radowo Małe | Łobez | Zp | Z | 14 | 10 | 23 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Sielsko | Łobez | Zp | Z | 14 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Wętno | Drawsko | Zp | Z | 14 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 5 | nd |
Biesal | Olsztyn | Wm | Z | 14 | 25 | 22 | 1 | 11 | 2(1) |
Jagodzin | Pisz | Wm | Z | 14 | 31 | 1 | two letters | 0 | nd |
Jastrowie | Wałcz | Wp | Z | 15 | 14 | 5 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Wałcz | Wałcz | Zp | Z | 16 | 13 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 5 |
Oborniki | Oborniki | Wp | L | 19 | 14 | 9 | 1 | 9 | 4 |
Kalnica | Bielsk Podlaski | Ps | L | 19 | 34 | 13 | 1 | 8 | 3 |
Oleksin | Bielsk Podlaski | Ps | L | 19 | 34 | 18 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Biała – Stara | Płock | Mz | L | 20 | 24 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
Płock | Płock | Mz | L | 20 | 24 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 1 |
Brójce | Międzyrzecz | Lb | Z | 21 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Wąsowo | Nowy Tomyśl | Wp | L | 21 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 3 |
Kobylniki Zdrój | Poznań | Wp | L | 21 | 14 | 14 | 1 | 10 | 2 |
Szreniawa | Poznań | Wp | L | 21 | 15 | 7 | 0 | 7 | nd |
Pepłowo | Płock | Mz | L | 21 | 24 | 6 | 1 | 8 | nd |
Korczew | Siedlce | Mz | L | 21 | 33 | 21 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Szczeglacin | Siedlce | Mz | L | 21 | 33 | 14 | 1 | 14 | 1 |
Nowe Kramsko | Zielona Góra | Lb | Z | 22 | 10 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 4 |
Kórnik | Poznań | Wp | L | 22 | 15 | 11 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Lisiewice | Łowicz | Łd | L | 23 | 24 | 16 | 1 | 10 | 2 |
Płaskocin | Łowicz | Łd | L | 23 | 25 | 8 | 1 | 8 | 2 |
Radomyśl | Siedlce | Mz | L | 23 | 33 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 2 |
Grochówka | Siedlce | Mz | L | 23 | 34 | 26 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Suleje | Łuków | Lu | L | 24 | 33 | 9 | 0 | 9 | 2 |
Drelów | Biała Podlaska | Lu | L | 24 | 34 | 19 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Wola Osowińska | Radzyń Podl. | Lu | L | 25 | 33 | 31 | 1 | 9 | 3 plus children |
Lubin Legnicki | Lubin | Ds | Z | 26 | 11 | 3 | letter | 0 | nd |
Zamość | Piotrków Trybunalski | Łd | L | 26 | 24 | 12 | 1 | 10 | 3 |
Glinnik | Tomaszów Maz. | Łd | L | 26 | 25 | 5 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Białobrzegi | Lubartów | Lu | L | 26 | 33 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Berejów | Lubartów | Lu | L | 26 | 34 | 4 | 1 | 4 | nd |
BrzeŁnica Bychawska | Lubartów | Lu | L | 26 | 34 | 14 | 1 | 14 | 1 |
Świba | Kępno | Wp | L | 27 | 18 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 3 |
Zarzęcin | Opoczno | Łd | L | 27 | 24 | 10 | 1 | 10 | 3 |
Nasutów | Lublin | Lu | L | 27 | 33 | 23 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Wrocław – Swojec | Wrocław | Ds | Z | 28 | 14 | 8 | 1 | 16 | 2(1) |
Marcinków – Władysławów | Opoczno | Łd | L | 28 | 25 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 4 |
Wilkołaz | Kraśnik | Lu | L | 29 | 33 | 16 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Wólka Rudnicka | Kraśnik | Lu | L | 29 | 33 | 6 | 1 | 6 | nd |
Dębszczyzna | Lublin | Lu | L | 29 | 33 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 1 |
Oldrzyszowice | Brzeg | Op | Z | 30 | 16 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
Huta Józefów | Kraśnik | Lu | L | 30 | 33 | 3 | 0 | 4 | nd |
Polichna | Kraśnik | Lu | L | 30 | 33 | 20 | 1 | 9 | nd |
Wigończyce | Ząbkowice Śl. | Ds | Z | 31 | 14 | 1 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Bielice | Nysa | Op | Z | 31 | 16 | 9 | 1 | 9 | 1 |
Deszno | Jędrzejów | Sw | L | 31 | 25 | 11 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Dębie | Opole | Op | Z | 32 | 15 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
Rzymkowice | Nysa | Op | Z | 32 | 16 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 2 |
Większyce | Kedzierzyn Koźle | Op | Z | 32 | 18 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 2 |
Janowice | Złotów | Mp | L | 32 | 25 | 12 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Maciowakrze | Kędzierzyn-Koźle | Op | Z | 33 | 17 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 1 |
Krasieniec Zakupny | Kraków | Mp | L | 33 | 25 | 13 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Gruszów | Proszowice | Mp | L | 33 | 26 | 6 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Dalechowice | Kazimierza Wk | Sw | L | 33 | 26 | 11 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Wielopole | Dąbrowa Tarnowska | Mp | L | 33 | 28 | 7 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Kraków – Bronowice Wielkie | Kraków | Mp | L | 34 | 24 | 3 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Michałowice | Kraków | Mp | L | 34 | 24 | 16 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Szarocie near Brzezie | Wieliczka | Mp | C | 34 | 25 | 8 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Dziewin | Bochnia | Mp | L | 34 | 26 | 7 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Ruda Łańcucka | Łańcut | Pk | L | 34 | 33 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
Sonina | Łańcut | Pk | L | 34 | 33 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Laszczyny | Leżajsk | Pk | L | 34 | 33 | 10 | 1 | 10 | 3 |
Grzęska | Przeworsk | Pk | L | 34 | 33 | 12 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Pruchna | Cieszyn | Sl | C | 35 | 20 | 18 | 2 | 18 | 2 |
Brzeźnica [only name of local post office] | Wadowice | Mp | C | 35 | 23 | 18 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Kraków – Sidzina | Kraków | Mp | C | 35 | 24 | 4 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Mogilany | Kraków | Mp | C | 35 | 24 | 2 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Włosań | Kraków | Mp | C | 35 | 24 | 2 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Zelczyna | Kraków | Mp | C | 35 | 24 | 14 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Krzywaczka | Myślenice | Mp | C | 35 | 24 | 3 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Pantalowice | Przeworsk | Pk | C | 35 | 33 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 1 |
Sietesz | Przeworsk | Pk | C | 35 | 33 | 10 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Skoczów | Cieszyn | Sl | C | 36 | 20 | 28 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Skomielna Czarna | Myślenice | Mp | C | 36 | 24 | 10 | letter | 10 | 1 |
Mszana Dolna | Limanowa | Mp | C | 36 | 25 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
Szczyrzyc | Limanowa | Mp | C | 36 | 25 | 18 | 1 | 10 | 5 |
Limanowa | Limanowa | Mp | C | 36 | 26 | 10 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Trześniów | Brzozów | Pk | C | 36 | 31 | 8 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Rabka Zdrój | Nowy Targ | Mp | C | 37 | 24 | 14 | 0 | 14 | 5 |
Szaflary | Nowy Targ | Mp | C | 38 | 24 | 28 | 1 | 0 | nd |
Biały Dunajec – Stołowe | Zakopane | Mp | C | 38 | 24 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 3 |
Poronin | Zakopane | Mp | C | 38 | 24 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 1 |
Frydman | Nowy Targ | Mp | C | 38 | 25 | 21 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
Boża Wola | exact location imprecise (11 villages with this name) | Mz? | L | ? | ? | 1 | short note | 0 | nd |
Results
General characteristics
Species | Number of localities | Parts and main modes of use |
---|---|---|
Rumex spp. | 75 | leaves, raw and cooked in soups |
Chenopodium album
| 50 | leaves, boiled and fried, mainly as famine food |
Rubus subgenus Rubus spp. | 48 | fruits, raw and in preserves |
Fragaria vesca
| 47 | fruits, raw and in preserves |
Vaccinium myrtillus
| 47 | fruits, raw and in preserves |
Urtica spp. | 38 | leaves, boiled and fried, mainly as famine food |
Vaccinium vitis-idaea
| 34 | fruits, raw and in preserves |
Rubus idaeus
| 32 | fruits, raw and in preserves |
Oxalis spp. | 31 | leaves, raw, as children's snack |
Corylus avellana
| 29 | fruits, mainly raw |
Rosa spp. | 29 | fruits, raw and in preserves |
Prunus spinosa
| 27 | fruits, raw and in preserves, largely as children's snack |
Armoracia rusticana
| 26 | roots, grated, as meat condiment |
Betula spp. | 26 | sap, mainly as children's beverage |
Sambucus nigra
| 24 | fruits, preserved |
Crataegus spp. | 22 | fruits, raw and in preserves, largely as children's snack |
Carum carvi
| 19 | seeds, added to bread and sauerkraut |
Elymus repens
| 19 | rhizomes, dried and ground, used only as famine food |
Tilia spp. | 17 | flowers, infusion |
Acorus calamus
| 13 | young shoots, only as children's snack |
Trifolium spp. | 13 | nectar from flowers sucked by children |
Centaurea cyanus
| 12 | petals used by children to make a fermented drink with sugar |
Quercus robur
| 12 | acorns, roasted to make coffee |
Mentha longifolia & M. arvensis
| 11 | infusion, soups and dumplings |
Prunus padus
| 11 | fruits, raw as children's snack |
Ribes nigrum &R. spicatum | 11 | fruits, raw or preserved covered in sugar or as juice and jam; only in eastern and northern Poland |
Taraxacum spp. | 10 | leaves, raw, served like lettuce |
Vaccinium uliginosum
| 10 | fruits, raw or as juice, jam, soup or compote; |
Fagus sylvatica
| 9 | raw nuts eaten by children |
Malva sylvestris & M. neglecta
| 9 | immature fruits, eaten raw, mainly in western Poland |
Sorbus aucuparia
| 9 | fruits, juice, jam, soup, liqueurs |
Vaccinium oxycoccos
| 9 | fruit, usually in jams and sauces |
% | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Everyone | Women and children | Only children | Only women | Only adults | Men and children | NUMBER OF ANSWERS | |
Vaccinium myrtillus
| 55 | 36 | 9 | 22 | |||
Rubus idaeus
| 54 | 31 | 15 | 13 | |||
Fragaria vesca
| 48 | 39 | 13 | 23 | |||
Armoracia rusticana
| 45 | 18 | 9 | 18 | 9 | 11 | |
Vaccinium vitis-idaea
| 38 | 50 | 13 | 16 | |||
Rubus subgenus Rubus | 30 | 35 | 35 | 23 | |||
Corylus avellana
| 29 | 7 | 36 | 29 | 14 | ||
Rumex spp. | 23 | 45 | 30 | 3 | 40 | ||
Prunus spinosa
| 20 | 10 | 60 | 10 | 10 | ||
Chenopodium album
| 18 | 36 | 9 | 36 | 22 | ||
Urtica spp. | 18 | 23 | 45 | 14 | 22 | ||
Oxalis spp. | 8 | 92 | 13 | ||||
MEAN
| 31 | 31 | 24 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 229 |