Background
Methods
Study design and protocol
Patients and healthy controls
gait | leg alignment | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
patients postoperative (N = 22) | healthy controls (N = 15) | healthy controls (N = 53) | |||
Age (years) | 62.3 (10.2) | 61.5 (8.0) | P = 0.804 | 41.8 (8.2) | P < 0.001 |
Height (m) | 1.71 (0.10) | 1.74 (0.09) | P = 0.353 | 1.69 (0.10) | P = 0.476 |
Weight (kg) | 82.4 (16.7) | 71.7 (14.7) | P = 0.053 | 74.3 (13.7) | P = 0.033 |
BMI (kgm−2) | 28.2 (4.9) | 23.5 (2.9) | P = 0.002 | 25.9 (3.5) | P = 0.060* |
Speed (ms−1) | 1.15 (0.14) | 1.26 (0.09) | P = 0.009 |
Radiographic measurements
Gait analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
Patients and healthy controls
Radiological leg alignment parameters
preoperative | postoperative | healthy controls | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
affected side | non-affected side | operated side | non-operated side | ||
HKS (°) | 4.93 (1.27) | 4.84 (1.23) | 6.20 (1.22) abc | 4.90 (1.28) | 4.53 (1.11) |
FO (mm) | 40.38 (8.17) | 40.77 (7.54) | 48.33 (9.64) abc | 41.08 (7.98) | 39.44 (4.61) |
NSA (°) | 127.82 (5.86) | 127.22 (5.79) | 126.41 (7.84) | 126.93 (5.47) | 127.77 (4.20) |
HKA (°) | 179.09 (2.74) | 178.70 (3.58) | 177.96 (2.68) b | 178.83 (3.22) | 179.09 (2.56) |
Joint moments
operated side | non-operated side | healthy controls | operated vs. non-operated | operated vs. healthy controls | non-operated vs. healthy controls | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kinetics | ||||||
KAM_1 (Nmkg− 1) | 0.42 (0.16) | 0.40 (0.18) | 0.45 (0.16) | P = 0.590 | P = 0.436* | P = 0.945* |
KAM_2 (Nmkg− 1) | 0.36 (0.13) | 0.37 (0.15) | 0.43 (0.14) | P = 0.737 | P = 0.670* | P = 0.704* |
HAM_1 (Nmkg− 1) | 0.80 (0.15) | 0.88 (0.18) | 0.90 (0.21) | P = 0.025 | P = 0.379 | P = 0.904 |
HAM_2 (Nmkg− 1) | 0.76 (0.17) | 0.73 (0.16) | 0.76 (0.23) | P = 0.451 | P = 0.601 | P = 0.678 |
Kinematics | ||||||
FPA (°) | −10.3 (5.1) | −8.6 (4.5) | −5.9 (3.2) | P = 0.198 | P = 0.056 | P = 0.119 |
KneeFlex (°) | 17.9 (5.3) | 19.9 (5.8) | 21.1 (3.9) | P = 0.029 | P = 0.085 | P = 0.943 |
KneeExt (°) | 6.3 (6.1) | 5.3 (6.3) | 3.2 (3.4) | P = 0.380 | P = 0.651* | P = 0.662 |
KneeRoM (°) | 11.6 (5.0) | 14.6 (6.3) | 17.8 (4.3) | P = 0.004 | P = 0.013* | P = 0.607* |
LTD (°) | −3.0 (2.0) | −1.3 (2.2) | −1.9 (1.9) | P = 0.055 | P = 0.243 | P = 0.614 |
HipAdd_1 (°) | 6.4 (3.9) | 6.0 (5.8) | 6.8 (5.0) | P = 0.688 | P = 0.944 | P = 0.428 |
HipAdd_2 (°) | 6.3 (2.7) | 4.1 (4.3) | 4.7 (4.8) | P = 0.034 | P = 0.300 | P = 0.437 |
HipFlex (°) | 31.9 (6.7) | 33.6 (7.0) | 33.9 (5.7) | P = 0.042 | P = 0.472 | P = 0.748 |
HipExt (°) | −7.7 (9.7) | −9.1 (9.8) | −11.0 (7.1) | P = 0.344 | P = 0.445 | P = 0.713 |
HipRoM (°) | 38.0 (5.4) | 41.4 (7.5) | 43.7 (3.7) | P = 0.045 | P = 0.014 | P = 0.848 |
Joint kinematics
Correlations
FO | HKA | HKS | NSA | FPA | KneeFlex | KneeExt | KneeRoM | LTD | HipAdd1 | HipAdd2 | HipFlex | HipExt | HipRoM | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KAM_1 | 0.439 | − 0.599 | 0.373 | − 0.195 | 0.349 | 0.168 | −0.231 | 0.459 | 0.445 | −0.091 | −0.096 | 0.142 | 0.077 | 0.170 |
P = 0.041 | P = 0.003 | P = 0.088 | P = 0.384 | P = 0.112 | P = 0.456 | P = 0.301 | P = 0.032 | P = 0.038 | P = 0.689 | P = 0.671 | P = 0.527 | P = 0.734 | P = 0.449 | |
KAM_2 | 0.365 | −0.590 | 0.181 | 0.025 | 0.470 | 0.059 | −0.287 | 0.412 | 0.496 | −0.132 | −0.148 | 0.119 | 0.095 | 0.126 |
P = 0.095 | P = 0.004 | P = 0.420 | P = 0.911 | P = 0.027 | P = 0.794 | P = 0.196 | P = 0.057 | P = 0.019 | P = 0.558 | P = 0.512 | P = 0.597 | P = 0.675 | P = 0.575 | |
HAM_1 | 0.030 | −0.541 | 0.135 | 0.062 | −0.002 | −0.131 | − 0.212 | 0.120 | 0.240 | 0.409 | 0.117 | 0.258 | 0.086 | 0.199 |
P = 0.893 | P = 0.009 | P = 0.548 | P = 0.783 | P = 0.994 | P = 0.561 | P = 0.344 | P = 0.594 | P = 0.282 | P = 0.059 | P = 0.603 | P = 0.247 | P = 0.704 | P = 0.375 | |
HAM_2 | 0.089 | −0.372 | 0.142 | −0.174 | 0.150 | −0.172 | − 0.216 | 0.082 | 0.243 | 0.143 | 0.280 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.071 |
P = 0.695 | P = 0.088 | P = 0.528 | P = 0.440 | P = 0.506 | P = 0.443 | P = 0.334 | P = 0.717 | P = 0.275 | P = 0.525 | P = 0.206 | P = 0.992 | P = 0.988 | P = 0.754 | |
FO | 1 | −0.398 | 0.331 | −0.500 | 0.141 | 0.440 | 0.097 | 0.345 | 0.374 | −0.290 | −0.103 | 0.400 | 0.269 | 0.098 |
P = 0.067 | P = 0.132 | P = 0.018 | P = 0.531 | P = 0.041 | P = 0.666 | P = 0.116 | P = 0.086 | P = 0.190 | P = 0.649 | P = 0.065 | P = 0.226 | P = 0.666 | ||
HKA | −0.398 | 1 | −0.365 | 0.189 | 0.040 | −0.496 | −0.282 | − 0.178 | −0.615 | 0.278 | 0.317 | −0.587 | −0.418 | − 0.099 |
P = 0.067 | P = 0.095 | P = 0.400 | P = 0.860 | P = 0.019 | P = 0.203 | P = 0.428 | P = 0.002 | P = 0.211 | P = 0.150 | P = 0.004 | P = 0.056 | P = 0.662 | ||
HKS | 0.331 | −0.365 | 1 | −0.440 | − 0.069 | 0.329 | 0.281 | 0.004 | 0.079 | −0.209 | −0.105 | 0.092 | 0.064 | 0.058 |
P = 0.132 | P = 0.095 | P = 0.041 | P = 0.761 | P = 0.134 | P = 0.205 | P = 0.984 | P = 0.725 | P = 0.351 | P = 0.641 | P = 0.685 | P = 0.779 | P = 0.799 | ||
NSA | −0.500 | 0.189 | −0.440 | 1 | 0.329 | −0.467 | −0.330 | − 0.090 | −0.160 | 0.418 | 0.170 | −0.276 | −0.228 | 0.052 |
P = 0.018 | P = 0.400 | P = 0.041 | P = 0.135 | P = 0.028 | P = 0.134 | P = 0.690 | P = 0.477 | P = 0.053 | P = 0.449 | P = 0.214 | P = 0.308 | P = 0.820 |