nach oben

International Journal of Public Health

Erschienen in:

19.03.2018 | Original Article

Are overweight and obesity in children risk factors for anemia in early childhood? Results from a national nutrition survey in Tajikistan

verfasst von: Marita Crivelli, Kaspar Wyss, Leticia Grize, Barbara Matthys, Thomas Aebi, Elisabeth Zemp

Erschienen in: International Journal of Public Health | Ausgabe 4/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Objectives

To assess the association between overweight/obesity and anemia in early childhood in Tajikistan.

Methods

Using a two-stage-cluster sampling, a representative sample of 1342 children (48.7% girls) aged 25–60 months was included in a nationwide survey in Tajikistan in 2009. Weight status was defined by age- and gender-specific body mass index, anemia by hemoglobin < 11 g/dl, according to WHO cut-off values for children, adjusted for altitude. Gender-stratified association of anemia and overweight/obesity was estimated by mixed models, controlling for age, parental education, and location type and region.

Results

In the study population, the prevalence of anemia was 20.0%, overweight 13.0%, and obesity 9.5%. In multivariable analyses, obesity and overweight were not associated with anemia. Lower age and living in the remote region of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast were associated with a higher prevalence of anemia.

Conclusions

In Tajikistan, anemia is at a moderate level, affecting every fifth child aged 25–60 months. Around every fifth child is overweight or obese. Interventions should focus on preventing anemia and overweight/obesity.

Ahmed T, Hossain M, Sanin KI (2012) Global burden of maternal and child undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Ann Nutr Metab 61(Suppl 1):8–17. https://doi.org/10.1159/000345165 CrossRefPubMed

Amato A, Santoro N, Calabro P, Grandone A, Swinkels DW, Perrone L, del Giudice EM (2010) Effect of body mass index reduction on serum hepcidin levels and iron status in obese children. Int J Obes 34:1772–1774. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2010.204 CrossRef

Barlow SE, Dietz WH (1998) Obesity evaluation and treatment: Expert Committee recommendations. The Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services. Pediatrics 102:E29CrossRefPubMed

Baumgartner J, Smuts CM, Aeberli I, Malan L, Tjalsma H, Zimmermann MB (2013) Overweight impairs efficacy of iron supplementation in iron-deficient South African children: a randomized controlled intervention. Int J Obes 37:24–30. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2012.145 CrossRef

Black RE et al (2013) Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet 382:427–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X CrossRefPubMed

Burger SE, June N (eds) (2002) How to assess iron deficiency anemia and use of Hemocue. Helen Keller International, New York. http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnacw824.pdf. Accessed 12 Mar 2018

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1998) Recommendations to prevent and control iron deficiency in the United States. MMWR Recomm Rep 47:1–29

Cepeda-Lopez AC, Osendarp SJM, Melse-Boonstra A et al (2011) Sharply higher rates of iron deficiency in obese Mexican women and children are predicted by obesity-related inflammation rather than by differences in dietary iron intake. Am J Clin Nutr 93:975–983. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.110.005439 CrossRefPubMed

Clifford D, Falkingham J, Hinde A (2010) Through civil war, food crisis and drought: trends in fertility and nuptiality in post-soviet Tajikistan. Eur J Popul 26:325–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-010-9206-x CrossRef

ENA for SMART (2007) Software for Emergency Nutrition Assessment. http://www.nutrisurvey.de/ena/ena.html. Accessed 28 Feb 2015

Farr SA, Yamada KA, Butterfield DA et al (2008) Obesity and hypertriglyceridemia produce cognitive impairment. Endocrinology 149:2628–2636. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-1722 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2015) Tajikistan embraces a new way to fight child malnutrition. http://www.fao.org/in-action/tajikistan-embraces-a-new-way-to-fight-child-malnutrition/en/. Accessed 3 Mar 2016

Grantham-McGregor S, Ani C (2001) A review of studies on the effect of iron deficiency on cognitive development in children. J Nutr 131:649S–666S (discussion 666S–668S) CrossRefPubMed

Kleinert S, Horton R (2015) Rethinking and reframing obesity. Lancet 385:2326–2328. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60163-5 CrossRefPubMed

Li YP, Yang XG, Zhai FY, Piao RH, Zhao WH, Zhang J, Ma GS (2005) Disease risks of childhood obesity in China. Biomed Environ Sci 18:401–410PubMed

Lydersen S, Pradhan V, Senchaudhuri P, Laake P (2007) Choice of test for association in small sample unordered r × c tables. Stat Med 26:4328–4343. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.2839 CrossRefPubMed

McDonagh M, Blazina I, Dana T, Cantor A, Bougatsos C (2015) Routine iron supplementation and screening for iron deficiency anemia in children ages 6 to 24 months: a systematic review to update the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force evidence syntheses, formerly systematic evidence reviews, Rockville MD USA

McDonald JH (2009) Handbook of biological statistics, 2nd edn. Sparky House Publishing, Baltimore

McLean E, Cogswell M, Egli I, Wojdyla D, de Benoist B (2009) Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, WHO vitamin and mineral nutrition information system, 1993–2005. Public Health Nutr 12:444–454. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980008002401 CrossRefPubMed

Ministry of Health, Republic of Tajikistan, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2010) Micronutrient status survey in Tajikistan, 2009. UNICEF, Dushanbe. https://www.unicef.org/tajikistan/resources_18750.html. Accessed 4 Jan 2013

Nead KG, Halterman JS, Kaczorowski JM, Auinger P, Weitzman M (2004) Overweight children and adolescents: a risk group for iron deficiency. Pediatrics 114:104–108. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.114.1.104 CrossRefPubMed

Ng M et al (2014) Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 384:766–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Pinhas-Hamiel O, Newfield RS, Koren I, Agmon A, Lilos P, Phillip M (2003) Greater prevalence of iron deficiency in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Int J Obes 27:416–418. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802224 CrossRef

Saloojee H, Pettifor JM (2001) Iron deficiency and impaired child development. BMJ 323:1377–1378. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7326.1377 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Santosh M (2006) Child malnutrition and gender discrimination in South Asia. Econ Polit Wkly 41:912–918

Scheer JC, Guthrie HA (1981) Hemoglobin criteria with respect to obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 34:2748–2751CrossRefPubMed

Seltzer CC, Mayer J (1963) Serum Iron and iron-binding capacity in adolescents. II. Comparison of obese and nonobese subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 13:354–361CrossRefPubMed

State Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Tajikistan (2007) Tajikistan multiple indicator cluster (MICS) survey 2005, final report. State Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan. http://www.stat.tj/en/img/e1aef37486b7a4528ba06bfcb918347f_1280833057.pdf. Accessed 4 Jan 2013

Sullivan KM, Mei Z, Grummer-Strawn L, Parvanta I (2008) Haemoglobin adjustments to define anaemia. Trop Med Int Health 13:1267–1271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02143.x CrossRefPubMed

United Nations (1986) How to weight and measure children: assessing the nutritional status of young children in household surveys. United Nations, Department of Technical Co-operation for Development and Statistical Office. New York NY, USA

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), United Nations University (UNU), World Health Organization (WHO) (2001) Iron deficiency anaemia assessment, prevention, and control: a guide for programme managers. World Health Organization WHO/NHD/01.3., Geneva

Waters E, de Silva-Sanigorski A, Burford BJ et al (2011) Interventions for preventing obesity in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (12). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001871.pub3

Wenzel BJ, Stults HB, Mayer J (1962) Hypoferraemia in obese adolescents. Lancet 2:327–328CrossRefPubMed

World Health Organization (1995) Working on Infant Growth. An evaluation of infant growth: the use and interpretation of anthropometry in infants. Bull World Health Organ 73:165–174

World Health Organization (2006) The WHO child growth standards: indicators. http://www.who.int/childgrowth/standards. Accessed 2 Jul 2017

World Health Organization (WHO) (2000) Drought effects on water, sanitation and health in Tajikistan, 28 July 2000. http://www.who.int/disasters/repo/5573.doc. Accessed 28 Feb 2015

World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beard J (2007) Annex 3: indicators of the iron status of populations: free erythrocyte protoporphyrin and zinc protoporphyrin; serum and plasma iron, total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation; and serum transferrin receptor. In: Assessing the iron status of populations, 2nd edition. WHO Press, World Health Organization, Geneva

Zimmermann MB, Zeder C, Muthayya S, Winichagoon P, Chaouki N, Aeberli I, Hurrell RF (2008) Adiposity in women and children from transition countries predicts decreased iron absorption, iron deficiency and a reduced response to iron fortification. Int J Obes 32:1098–1104. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2008.43 CrossRef

Titel: Are overweight and obesity in children risk factors for anemia in early childhood? Results from a national nutrition survey in Tajikistan
verfasst von: Marita Crivelli
Kaspar Wyss
Leticia Grize
Barbara Matthys
Thomas Aebi
Elisabeth Zemp
Publikationsdatum: 19.03.2018
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: International Journal of Public Health / Ausgabe 4/2018
Print ISSN: 1661-8556
Elektronische ISSN: 1661-8564
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-018-1088-4

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2018

Harnessing advances in computer simulation to inform policy and planning to reduce alcohol-related harms

Does community deprivation determine longevity after the age of 75? A cross-national analysis

Early life risk factors and their cumulative effects as predictors of overweight in Spanish children

Injustice at work affects work ability and role functioning: findings of a cohort study

Socioeconomic position and occupational social class and their association with risky alcohol consumption among adolescents

The effectiveness of critical time intervention for abused women leaving women’s shelters: a randomized controlled trial