Background
Methods
Ethics
Patient enrolment
Clinical assessment
Functional assessment
Imaging
Arthroscopic technique
Postoperative management
Sample size and power analysis
Statistics
Results
Demographics
VARIABLES | GROUP A (pts = 54, s = 59) | GROUP B (pts = 53, s = 57) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Age mean + SD (range) | 59 + 10 (range 29 to 76) | 56.2 + 8.5 (range 29 to 70) | 0.05 |
Gender male:female | 24:30 | 25:28 | 0.46 |
Arm dominance dominant:nondominant | 44:15 | 45:12 | 0.5 |
Trauma traumatic:degenerative | 13:46 | 12:45 | 0.86 |
Size of lesion non massive:massive | 39:20 | 44:13 | 0.08 |
LHB pathology | |||
none | 34 | 19 | 0.02* |
tear | 17 | 24 | 0.03* |
tendinophaty | 8 | 14 | 0.05 |
LHB management | |||
none | 29 | 24 | 0.32 |
tenotomy | 23 | 21 | 0.77 |
tenodesis | 7 | 12 | 0.07 |
Acromion shape | |||
I | 25 | 28 | 0.32 |
II | 26 | 22 | 0.38 |
III | 8 | 7 | 0.83 |
Clinical assessment
FOLLOW UP | < 2 yrs | 2–5 yrs | > 5 yrs | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OUTCOMES SCORES | G A mean + SD (range) | G Bmean + SD (range) | P value | G A mean + SD (range) | G B mean + SD (range) | P value | G A mean + SD (range) | G B mean + SD (range) | P value |
UCLA | |||||||||
Pain | 5.8 + 2.8 (1–10) | 6.8 + 2.7 (1–10) | 0.39 | 6.9 + 2.4 (1–10) | 6.4 + 2.8 (1–10) | < 0.0001* | 6.8 + 2.5 (2–10) | 7.8 + 2.7 (2–10) | 0.18 |
Function | 6.6 + 3 (2–10) | 7.3 + 3 (1–10) | 0.5 | 7.1 + 2.4 (2–10) | 6.3 + 3 (1–10) | < 0.0001* | 6.6 + 2.2 (2–10) | 8.4 + 2.7 (2–10) | 0.02* |
Forward Flexion | 4.2 + 1 (2–5) | 4.5 + 0.9 (2–5) | 0.37 | 4.4 + 0.9 (2–5) | 4.4 + 0.8 (3–5) | < 0.0001* | 4.5 + 0.9 (2–5) | 4.5 + 1 (1–5) | 0.69 |
Strength | 3.8 + 1.2 (1–5) | 3.8 + 1.1 (2–5) | 0.98 | 3.4 + 1 (1–5) | 3.7 + 1 (2–5) | < 0.0001* | 3.7 + 0.7 (3–5) | 4.2 + 0.7 (3–5) | 0.09 |
Satisfaction | 5 + 0 | 4.2 + 1.8 (0–5) | 0.5 | 4.8 + 0.9 (0–5) | 4.8 + 1 (0–5) | 0.002* | 4.6 + 1.3 (0–5) | 5 + 0 | 0.74 |
Final score | 25.4 + 7.5 (11–35) | 26.8 + 8.4 (6–35) | 0.53 | 26.6 + 6 (6–35) | 25.6 + 7.45 (10–35) | < 0.0001* | 26.3 + 5.8 (15–34) | 29.9 + 6.2 (15–35) | 0.04* |
WOLFGANG | |||||||||
Pain | 2.8 + 0.8 (1–4) | 2.8 + 1.2 (0–4) | 0.81 | 2.9 + 0.8 (1–4) | 2.6 + 1.1 (1–4) | 0.42 | 2.9 + 0.8 (1–4) | 3.2 + 0.7 (2–4) | 0.45 |
Active abduction | 3.4 + 0.7 (2–4) | 3.5 + 1.1 (1–4) | 0.33 | 3.3 + 1 (1–4) | 3.3 + 0.9 (2–4) | 0.96 | 3.5 + 0.9 (1–4) | 3.7 + 0.7 (2–4) | 0.49 |
Strength | 3 + 0.9 (1–4) | 3.1 + 0.9 (1–4) | 0.78 | 3 + 0.7 (2–4) | 3.1 + 0.9 (1–4) | 0.24 | 3 + 0.7 (2–4) | 3.5 + 0.6 (2–4) | 0.11 |
Function | 3.2 + 0.8 (2–4) | 3.2 + 0.9 (1–4) | 0.81 | 3 + 0.6 (1–4) | 3.3 + 0.8 (1–4) | 0.72 | 3 + 0.5 (2–4) | 3.4 + 0.5 (3–4) | 0.12 |
Satisfaction | 0.8 + 0.7 (− 1–1) | 0.7 + 0.7 (− 1–1) | 0.91 | 0.9 + 0.4 (− 1–1) | 0.9 + 0.4 (− 1–1) | 0.84 | 0.9 + 0.5 (− 1–1) | 1 + 0 | 0.73 |
Final score | 13.2 + 2.9 (7–17) | 13.3 + 4.3 (2–17) | 0.59 | 13 + 2.7 (4–17) | 13.2 + 3.6 (6–17) | 0.66 | 13.4 + 2.4 (8–17) | 14.8 + 2 (10–17) | 0.07 |
OSS | 26.1 + 12.7 (12–51) | 22.8 + 10.7 (12–47) | 0.47 | 21.9 + 9.8 (12–53) | 25.7 + 12.3 (12–51) | 0.34 | 22.5 + 10.6 (12–43) | 18.6 + 7.2 (12–32) | 0.03* |
TYPE OF ACROMION | I | II | III | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OUTCOMES SCORES | G A mean + SD (range) | G B mean + SD (range) | P value | G A mean + SD (range) | G B mean + SD (range) | P value | G A mean + SD (range) | G B mean + SD (range) | P value |
UCLA | |||||||||
Pain | 6.8 + 2.5 (1–10) | 6.9 + 3.2 (1–10) | 0.62 | 6.5 + 2.6 (2–10) | 7.3 + 2.2 (2–10) | 0.3 | 6.1 + 3.1 (1–10) | 6.7 + 3.5 (1–10) | 0.78 |
Function | 7.3 + 2.4 (2–10) | 7.1 + 3.3 (1–10) | 0.74 | 6.4 + 2.8 (2–10) | 7.9 + 2.7 (2–10) | 0.03* | 6.7 + 2.4 (2–10) | 6.1 + 3.8 (1–10) | 0.95 |
Forward Flexion | 4.5 + 0.9 (2–5) | 4.5 + 0.9 (3–5) | 0.6 | 4.3 + 0.9 (2–5) | 4.5 + 1 (1–5) | 0.1 | 4.1 + 1.4 (2–5) | 4.3 + 1.1 (2–5) | 1.00 |
Strength | 3.5 + 1.1 (1–5) | 3.9 + 1 (2–5) | 0.3 | 3.7 + 1 (2–5) | 4.1 + 0.9 (2–5) | 0.15 | 3.2 + 1.3 (1–5) | 3.4 + 1 (2–5) | 1.00 |
Satisfaction | 4.8 + 1 (0–5) | 4.8 + 1 (0–5) | 1.00 | 5 + 0 | 4.8 + 1 (0–5) | 0.29 | 4.4 + 1.8 (0–5) | 4.3 + 1.9 (0–5) | 0.95 |
Final score | 27.1 + 6.6 (6–35) | 27.3 + 8.2 (10–35) | 0.41 | 25.8 + 6.1 (15–35) | 28.6 + 5.9 (13–35) | 0.09 | 24.6 + 7.7 (11–33) | 24.9 + 10 (6–35) | 0.87 |
WOLFGANG | |||||||||
Pain | 3.1 + 0.8 (1–4) | 3 + 1 (1–4) | 0.84 | 2.7 + 0.9 (1–4) | 2.8 + 0.9 (1–4) | 0.81 | 2.6 + 0.7 (1–3) | 2.7 + 1.6 (0–4) | 0.46 |
Active abduction | 3.5 + 0.9 (1–4) | 3.4 + 0.9 (2–4) | 0.81 | 3.3 + 0.8 (1–4) | 3.7 + 0.8 (1–4) | 0.02* | 3.2 + 1.2 (1–4) | 3.1 + 1.2 (1–4) | 0.87 |
Strength | 3.2 + 0.6 (2–4) | 3.3 + 0.9 (1–4) | 0.28 | 3 + 0.7 (2–4) | 3.4 + 0.6 (2–4) | 0.04* | 2.5 + 1.1 (1–4) | 2.9 + 1.1 (1–4) | 0.54 |
Function | 3 + 0.8 (1–4) | 3.3 + 0.8 (1–4) | 0.11 | 3.2 + 0.5 (2–4) | 3.4 + 0.6 (2–4) | 0.17 | 3 + 0.5 (2–4) | 3.1 + 1.1 (1–4) | 0.46 |
Satisfaction | 0.8 + 0.7 (− 1–1) | 0.9 + 0.4 (− 1–1) | 0.28 | 1 + 0 | 0.9 + 0.4 (− 1–1) | 0.29 | 0.7 + 0.7 (− 1–1) | 0.7 + 0.7 (− 1–1) | 0.95 |
Final score | 13.5 + 3 (4–17) | 13.9 + 3.4 (6–17) | 0.33 | 13.2 + 2.2 (9–17) | 14.2 + 2.6 (8–17) | 0.09 | 12.1 + 3.2 (7–16) | 12.6 + 5.4 (2–17) | 0.4 |
OSS | 23.1 + 11.7 (12–53) | 21.9 + 12.4 (12–51) | 0.32 | 21.6 + 9.2 (12–46) | 21 + 7.4 (12–35) | 0.94 | 28.5 + 14.3 (13–51) | 28 + 13.6 (12–47) | 0.78 |
Functional assessment
FOLLOW UP | < 2 yrs | 2–5 yrs | > 5 yrs | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OUTCOMES SCORES | G A mean + SD (range) | G B mean + SD (range) | P value | G A mean + SD (range) | G B mean + SD (range) | P value | G A mean + SD (range) | G B mean + SD (range) | P value |
PASSIVE ROM(°) | |||||||||
Anterior elevation | 168.4 + 25.6 (90–180) | 168.3 + 24.1 (110–180) | 0.8 | 172.1 + 17.6 (100–180) | 167 + 28.3 (90–180) | 0.98 | 171.3 + 20.3 (120–180) | 176.8 + 8.7 (140–180) | 0.84 |
Extrarotation | 69.4 + 22.6 (30–90) | 72.1 + 20.1 (30–90) | 0.73 | 76.8 + 17.7 (30–90) | 70.4 + 23.5 (20–90) | 0.45 | 65.7 + 33 (0–90) | 83.3 + 20.1 (6–90) | 0.42 |
Intrarotation | 86.3 + 10.5 (50–90) | 79.2 + 20.6 (30–90) | 0.54 | 80.5 + 17.5 (30–90) | 82.6 + 16.7 (30–90) | 0.43 | 84 + 19.9 (10–90) | 83.9 + 16.1 (30–90) | 0.98 |
ACTIVE ROM (°) | |||||||||
Anterior elevation | 165.3 + 26.3 (90–180) | 163.3 + 29.2 (100–180) | 0.94 | 156.4 + 29.4 (90–180) | 165.3 + 26.7 (90–180) | 0.37 | 159.3 + 29 (90–180) | 170.1 + 21.9 (100–180) | 0.12 |
Extrarotation | 43.4 + 13.2 (30–70) | 40.4 + 15.3 (15–70) | 0.73 | 47.5 + 19 (20–90) | 43.3 + 20.1 (0–90) | 0.59 | 41.6 + 16.3 (10–80) | 48.6 + 15.7 (15–90) | 0.26 |
STRENGHT (N) | |||||||||
Anterior elevation | 49.98 + 25.48 (14.7–107.8) | 49 + 21.56 (19.6–83.3) | 0.8 | 38.22 + 20.58 (9.8–107.8) | 49 + 26.46 (19.6–107.8) | 0.27 | 39.2 + 13.72 (19.6–68.6) | 46.06 + 20.58 (19.6–107.8) | 0.4 |
Extrarotation | 48.02 + 24.5 (14.7–102.9) | 49.98 + 21.56 (19.6–73.5) | 0.91 | 43.12 + 18.62 (16.66–102.9) | 50.96 + 21.56 (19.6–7.35) | 0.32 | 36.26 + 11.76 (19.6–58.8) | 47.04 + 19.6 (24.5–107.8) | 0.12 |
Intrarotation | 69.58 + 29.4 (24.5–107.8) | 68.6 + 33.32 (9.8–107.8) | 0.98 | 60.76 + 23.52 (29.4–107.8) | 70.56 + 31.36 (29.4–107.8) | 0.48 | 62.72 + 19.6 (29.4–107.8) | 77.42 + 23.52 (39.2–11) | 0.35 |
TYPE OF ACROMION | I | II | III | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OUTCOMES SCORES | G A mean + SD (range) | G B mean + SD (range) | P value | G A mean + SD (range) | G B mean + SD (range) | P value | G A mean + SD (range) | G B mean + SD (range) | P value |
PASSIVE ROM (°) | |||||||||
Anterior elevation | 169.6 + 24.2 (90–180) | 168.9 + 26.5 (90–180) | 0.92 | 174.4 + 14.7 (130–180) | 173.5 + 17.5 (110–180) | 0.59 | 163.7 + 27.2 (120–180) | 171.4 + 22.7 (120–180) | 0.54 |
Extrarotation | 70.2 + 24.7 (20–90) | 76.5 + 20 (30–90) | 0.48 | 75.2 + 18.9 (30–90) | 78.4 + 23.4 (30–90) | 0.65 | 66.9 + 38.6 (0–90) | 63.6 + 27.5 (20–90) | 0.69 |
Intrarotation | 84.6 + 12.5 (45–90) | 79 + 20.3 (30–90) | 0.45 | 85.2 + 14.4 (30–90) | 86.1 + 13.7 (30–90) | 0.51 | 70.6 + 30 (10–90) | 82.3 + 18.9 (40–90) | 0.54 |
ACTIVE ROM (°) | |||||||||
Anterior elevation | 159.2 + 29.1 (90–180) | 163.7 + 29.9 (90–180) | 0.33 | 165.2 + 24.9 (90–180) | 170.9 + 19.7 (100–180) | 0.56 | 142.5 + 37.3 (90–180) | 167.1 + 29.9 (100–180) | 0.23 |
Extrarotation | 46 + 16.8 (20–80) | 42.4 + 20 (0–90) | 0.52 | 44 + 16.7 (20–90) | 50.9 + 15.3 (20–90) | 0.51 | 44.4 + 22.3 (10–90) | 33.6 + 10.7 (15–45) | 0.19 |
STRENGHT (N) | |||||||||
Anterior elevation | 39.2 + 16.66 (14.7–78.4) | 43.12 + 20.58 (19.6–83.3) | 0.75 | 44.1 + 23.52 (9.8–107.8) | 51.94 + 24.5 (19.6–107.8) | 0.23 | 40.18 + 28.42 (19.6–107.8) | 48.02 + 30.38 (19.6–107.8) | 0.46 |
Extrarotation | 41.16 + 15.68 (16.66–68.6) | 43.12 + 19.6 (19.6–7.35) | 0.87 | 44.1 + 21.56 (14.7–102.9) | 56.84 + 21.56 (19.6–107.8) | 0.04* | 42.14 + 26.64 (24.5–102.9) | 44.1 + 17.64 (19.6–63.7) | 0.54 |
Intrarotation | 59.78 + 23.52 (29.4–107.8) | 68.6 + 31.36 (29.4–107.8) | 0.53 | 69.58 + 25.48 (24.5–107.8) | 74.48 + 29.4 (9.8–107.8) | 0.46 | 52.92 + 25.48 (29.4–107.8) | 60.76 + 24.5 (29.4–98) | 0.54 |