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Erschienen in: Arthroskopie 5/2019

14.08.2019 | Arthrosen | Leitthema

Lösungen für häufige Komplikationen bei Teilprothetik

verfasst von: Dominic T. Mathis, Prof. Dr. med. Michael T. Hirschmann

Erschienen in: Arthroskopie | Ausgabe 5/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Der unikompartimentelle Kniegelenkersatz hat sich bei Patienten mit isolierter Arthrose als Alternative zur totalen Knietotalendoprothese weltweit etabliert. Ungefähr 10 % aller Arthrosefälle werden mit einer medialen Schlittenprothese, 1 % mit einer lateralen Schlittenprothese und weniger als 1 % mit einer patellofemoralen Teilprothese versorgt. Entscheidender Vorteil einer Teilprothese ist der Erhalt der Kreuz- und Seitenbänder sowie der gesunden, von der Arthrose nicht betroffenen, angrenzenden Kompartimente. Die ermöglicht den Erhalt oder die Wiederherstellung einer physiologischen Kinematik des Kniegelenks. Bei korrekter Technik kann eine annährend normale Kniefunktion („forgotten knee“) erreicht werden. Um für den einzelnen Patienten das bestmögliche Ergebnis zu erreichen, gilt es, verschiedene Schlüsselfaktoren zu berücksichtigen: enge Indikationsstellung und Patientenselektion, ausreichende Erfahrung des Operateurs, detaillierte präoperative Planung sowie eine standardisierte und ausgereifte Operationstechnik. Verbesserungen in Prothesendesign und Instrumentation, Material und chirurgischer Technik haben zusammen mit einem wachsenden Verständnis für die Wichtigkeit der optimalen Patientenselektion zu deutlich gestiegenen funktionellen Ergebnissen und Überlebensraten der Teilprothetik geführt. Die Knieteilprothese ist ein spezialisierter Eingriff, welcher in der Hand eines erfahrenen Chirurgen signifikant bessere Resultate zeigt. Sind alle Voraussetzungen erfüllt, ist die Knieteilprothetik als knochensparender und ligamenterhaltender Eingriff, unter Berücksichtigung der normalen Kniekinematik und -funktion, eine äußerst erfolgversprechende und patientenfreundliche Intervention.
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Metadaten
Titel
Lösungen für häufige Komplikationen bei Teilprothetik
verfasst von
Dominic T. Mathis
Prof. Dr. med. Michael T. Hirschmann
Publikationsdatum
14.08.2019
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Arthroskopie / Ausgabe 5/2019
Print ISSN: 0933-7946
Elektronische ISSN: 1434-3924
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-019-00300-1

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