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Erschienen in: Der Nephrologe 6/2012

01.11.2012 | Leitthema

Arzneimittelassoziierte Störungen des Säure-Basen-Haushalts

verfasst von: Dr. J. Latus, M.D. Alscher, E. Schaeffeler, N. Braun, M. Schwab

Erschienen in: Die Nephrologie | Ausgabe 6/2012

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Zusammenfassung

Die renale Elimination von Medikamenten kann durch eine Interaktion mit verschiedenen Abschnitten des Tubulussystems zu Störungen des Säure-Basen-Haushalts führen; Therapieabbruch oder Dosisanpassung sind die Folge. Bei der Antibiotikatherapie können Substanzen aus der Wirkstoffgruppe der Penicilline zu Hypokaliämien, metabolischen Alkalosen sowie Azidosen führen. Aminoglykoside und Tetrazykline begünstigen die Entstehung eines Fanconi-Syndroms. Gentamicin kann im Bereich der Henle-Schleife zu einer hypokalämischen metabolischen Alkalose mit Hypomagnesiämie und Hypokalzämie führen. Schleifendiuretika führen nicht selten zu einer hypochlorämischen metabolischen Alkalose, die neuerdings als „chlorid-depletion alkalosis“ bezeichnet wird. Beim Einsatz von kaliumsparenden Diuretika muss aufgrund der verminderten Aldosteronwirkung mit einer hyperchlorämischen metabolischen Azidose gerechnet werden. Das „Kalzium-Alkali-Syndrom“ mit der klassischen Trias aus Hyperkalzämie, metabolischer Alkalose und Nierenfunktionsstörung mit Polyurie wird bei zunehmendem Einsatz von Vitamin D und Kalziumpräparaten häufiger gesehen. Schwere metabolische Azidosen werden beim Einsatz von Propofol (Propofolinfusionssyndrom), aber auch bei Medikamenten mit Zusatz des Lösungsmittels Propylenglykol (z. B. Diazepam) beobachtet.
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Metadaten
Titel
Arzneimittelassoziierte Störungen des Säure-Basen-Haushalts
verfasst von
Dr. J. Latus
M.D. Alscher
E. Schaeffeler
N. Braun
M. Schwab
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2012
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Nephrologie / Ausgabe 6/2012
Print ISSN: 2731-7463
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7471
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-012-0669-0

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