In China, many patients have had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosed at intermediate or advanced stages. These patients had vascular invasion or multifocal dissemination within the liver and failed to receive curable treatments. In the past, the only choice for patients with HCC at intermediate or advanced stages was transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or systemic therapy, respectively. Although some selected patients were technically resectable, a high postoperative recurrent rate and a dismal prognosis prevented surgical resection from being widely accepted for those patients.
1 For HCC patients with high-risk factors of recurrence, including multiple tumors and vascular invasion, postoperative TACE or portal vein perfusion chemotherapy (PVC) are widely used in China to decrease recurrence and improve outcomes of surgery. …
