Background
Methods
Study cohort
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Instrument
Statistical methods
Results
Participant characteristics
Characteristics | Total | Intervention | Control | Comparison | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 1587 | n = 617 | n = 617 | n = 353 | P-value | |
Age (years) | 44 ± 9 | 45 ± 9 | 44 ± 9 | 45 ± 9 | 0.11 |
Gender | |||||
Male (%) | 566 (35.7) | 235 (38.1) | 239 (38.7) | 92 (26.1) | < 0.0001 |
Female (%) | 1021 (64.3) | 382 (61.9) | 378 (61.3) | 261 (73.9) | |
Ethno-Racial Group | |||||
Non-Hispanic White | 605 (38.2) | 228 (37.0) | 267 (43.3) | 110 (31.2) | < 0.0001 |
Non-Hispanic Black | 541 (34.1) | 280 (45.4) | 228 (37.0) | 33 (9.4) | |
Hispanics | 441 (27.8) | 109 (17.7) | 122 (19.8) | 210 (59.5) | |
Clinical Risk Group | |||||
Minor chronic conditions | 77 (4.9) | 26 (4.2) | 36 (5.8) | 15 (4.3) | 0.34 |
Moderate chronic conditions | 294 (18.5) | 118 (19.1) | 120 (19.5) | 56 (15.9) | |
Major chronic conditions | 1216 (76.6) | 473 (76.7) | 461 (74.7) | 262 (79.9) | |
Education Level | |||||
8th grade or less | 152 (9.6) | 37 (6.0) | 59 (9.6) | 56 (15.9) | < 0.0001 |
Some high school | 444 (28.0) | 143 (23.2) | 191 (31.0) | 110 (31.2) | |
High school graduate, GED | 547 (34.5) | 215 (34.9) | 217 (35.2) | 115 (32.6) | |
Some college or 2 year degree or more | 373 (23.5) | 152 (24.6) | 150 (24.3) | 71 (20.1) | |
Unknown | 71 (4.5) | 70 (11.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | |
Diagnosis Group | |||||
SMI | 544 (34.3) | 209 (33.9) | 218 (35.4) | 117 (33.1) | 0.003 |
BH + PH | 483 (30.4) | 200 (32.4) | 200 (32.4) | 83 (23.5) | |
SMI + BH + PH | 560 (35.3) | 208 (33.7) | 199 (32.3) | 153 (43.3) |
. | All (n = 1587) | Intervention (n = 617) | Control (n = 617) | Comparison (n = 353) | P-value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | |||
Physical | PF | 34.3 | (12.1) | 34.8 | (12.3) | 34.4 | (12.2) | 33.0 | (11.7) | 0.07 |
RP | 34.5 | (10.3) | 34.1 | (10.3) | 35.2 | (10.2) | 33.9 | (10.4) | 0.06 | |
BP | 33.0 | (14.1) | 33.9 | (13.8) | 33.5 | (14.4) | 30.7 | (14.0) | 0.002 | |
GH | 31.2 | (11.3) | 31.2 | (10.9) | 32.1 | (11.9) | 29.5 | (10.9) | 0.003 | |
Mental | VT | 41.4 | (11.1) | 41.1 | (11.1) | 42.2 | (11.1) | 40.8 | (11.3) | 0.10 |
SF | 32.8 | (13.2) | 33.5 | (13.4) | 33.5 | (13.4) | 30.6 | (12.5) | 0.001 | |
RE | 32.3 | (12.8) | 32.1 | (12.5) | 32.9 | (12.8) | 31.7 | (13.4) | 0.32 | |
MH | 36.8 | (12.3) | 37.1 | (12.3) | 37.5 | (12.2) | 35.2 | (12.4) | 0.01 | |
Summary | PCS | 34.0 | (11.3) | 34.3 | (11.1) | 34.5 | (11.5) | 32.6 | (11.3) | 0.03 |
MCS | 36.8 | (12.5) | 36.8 | (12.6) | 37.5 | (12.5) | 35.5 | (12.4) | 0.07 |
Correlation between summary scores and individual scales
Variable | PCS | MCS | PF | RP | BP | GH | VT | SF | RE | MH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCS | 1.00 | |||||||||
MCS | −.08 (.05)a | 1.00 | ||||||||
PF | .82 (.89) | .08 (.19) | 1.00 | |||||||
RP | .70 (.86) | .28 (.33) | .56 (.79) | 1.00 | ||||||
BP | .77 (.80) | .24 (.33) | .55 (.66) | .55 (.73) | 1.00 | |||||
GH | .58 (.68) | .26 (.36) | .38 (.57) | .36 (.57) | .42 (.53) | 1.00 | ||||
VT | .35 (.42) | .56 (.63) | .32 (.43) | .37 (.47) | .39 (.46) | .41 (.48) | 1.00 | |||
SF | .29 (.47) | .70 (.70) | .34 (.50) | .42 (.60) | .43 (.56) | .31 (.48) | .42 (.48) | 1.00 | ||
RE | .16 (.34) | .78 (.79) | .31 (.47) | .49 (.58) | .37 (.50) | .28 (.44) | .35 (.43) | .53 (.65) | 1.00 | |
MH | .08 (.17) | .86 (.91) | .25 (.31) | .33 (.59) | .35 (.42) | .31 (.40) | .49 (.56) | .56 (.60) | .58 (.73) | 1.00 |
Split-half reliability
Test-retest correlation
Baseline (n = 617) | Year 1 (n = 530) | Year 2 (n = 493) | Year 3 (n = 491) | P-value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | |||
Physical | PF | 34.4 | (12.2) | 35.2 | (12.3) | 35.1 | (12.7) | 34.8 | (11.8) | 0.19 |
RP | 35.2 | (10.2) | 35.9 | (10.2) | 35.7 | (10.5) | 35.4 | (10.4) | 0.28 | |
BP | 33.5 | (14.4) | 34.0 | (14.0) | 33.5 | (14.5) | 33.1 | (14.4) | 0.54 | |
GH | 32.1 | (11.9) | 33.5 | (12.0) | 33.0 | (11.5) | 33.2 | (11.6) | 0.01 | |
Mental | VT | 42.2 | (11.1) | 42.2 | (11.0) | 42.6 | (11.5) | 41.8 | (11.5) | 0.24 |
SF | 33.5 | (13.4) | 34.3 | (13.3) | 34.1 | (13.5) | 33.2 | (13.4) | 0.19 | |
RE | 32.9 | (12.8) | 34.1 | (12.7) | 33.3 | (12.8) | 33.6 | (12.6) | 0.17 | |
MH | 37.5 | (12.2) | 38.6 | (12.1) | 38.4 | (12.1) | 38.0 | (12.0) | 0.10 | |
Summary | PCS | 34.5 | (11.5) | 35.0 | (11.4) | 34.9 | (11.6) | 34.6 | (11.8) | 0.17 |
MCS | 37.5 | (12.5) | 38.5 | (12.1) | 38.2 | (12.2) | 37.8 | (10.4) | 0.21 |
Variable | Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient between Two Years (95% CI) | Adjusted ICCa | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BL-Y1 | BL -Y2 | BL -Y3 | Y1-Y2 | Y1-Y3 | Y2-Y3 | ||
PF | 0.63 (0.57,0.69) | 0.66 (0.60,0.71) | 0.57 (0.50,0.63) | 0.67 (0.62,0.72) | 0.60 (0.53,0.66) | 0.62 (0.56,0.68) | 0.54 |
RP | 0.48 (0.40,0.55) | 0.51 (0.43,0.57) | 0.48 (0.40,0.55) | 0.49 (0.41,0.56) | 0.51 (0.43,0.58) | 0.54 (0.47,0.61) | 0.44 |
BP | 0.57 (0.50,0.63) | 0.60 (0.54,0.66) | 0.52 (0.45,0.59) | 0.58 (0.51,0.64) | 0.51 (0.43,0.57) | 0.57 (0.50,0.63) | 0.48 |
GH | 0.55 (0.48,0.61) | 0.58 (0.51,0.64) | 0.55 (0.48,0.61) | 0.57 (0.50,0.63) | 0.56 (0.50,0.63) | 0.58 (0.51,0.64) | 0.51 |
VT | 0.47 (0.40,0.55) | 0.47 (0.39,0.54) | 0.46 (0.38,0.53) | 0.48 (0.40,0.55) | 0.46 (0.38,0.54) | 0.52 (0.45,0.59) | 0.45 |
SF | 0.43 (0.35,0.51) | 0.42 (0.34,0.49) | 0.39 (0.30,0.47) | 0.50 (0.42,0.57) | 0.39 (0.31,0.47) | 0.49 (0.41,0.56) | 0.42 |
RE | 0.44 (0.35,0.51) | 0.48 (0.40,0.55) | 0.50 (0.43,0.57) | 0.52 (0.45,0.59) | 0.45 (0.37,0.52) | 0.47 (0.39,0.54) | 0.43 |
MH | 0.57 (0.50,0.63) | 0.53 (0.46,0.60) | 0.49 (0.41,0.56) | 0.55 (0.48,0.61) | 0.50 (0.42,0.57) | 0.55 (0.47,0.61) | 0.52 |
PCS | 0.70 (0.64,0.74) | 0.71 (0.66,0.76) | 0.61 (0.55,0.67) | 0.71 (0.65,0.75) | 0.64 (0.58,0.70) | 0.71 (0.66,0.75) | 0.61 |
MCS | 0.58 (0.51,0.64) | 0.58 (0.52,0.64) | 0.51 (0.44,0.58) | 0.61 (0.54,0.67) | 0.52 (0.45,0.59) | 0.61 (0.55,0.67) | 0.57 |