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European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology

Erschienen in:

03.07.2024 | Original Article

Assessment of formalin preserved and fresh frozen quadriceps tendon graft-suture constructs for load to failure testing: a biomechanical cadaveric study

verfasst von: Shahbaz S. Malik, Darren Hart, Sara Gustafson, Jason Peeler, Sheila McRae, Peter MacDonald

Erschienen in: European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology | Ausgabe 6/2024

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Abstract

Purpose

Fresh-frozen specimen availability and cost may be a barrier for initiation of biomechanical studies where soft tissue is used in a construct with other medical devices. The impact of soft tissue preservation method on the outcomes of biomechanical studies in the specific case of graft-suture constructs is relatively unexplored. This study aimed to observe peak loads and failure modes in biomechanical testing of fresh-frozen (FF) versus formalin embalmed (FE) quadriceps tendon (QT) graft-suture constructs for soft tissue fixation in ACLR and assess suitability of FE QT graft constructs for load-to-fail testing.

Methods

Twenty QT grafts were harvested from human cadaver specimens. Ten grafts came from fresh-frozen donors and 10 from embalmed donors. All grafts were prepared with the modified Prusik knot using a braided composite suture and subjected to tensile loading. Comparisons between the biomechanical properties of the graft-suture constructs were made with unpaired t tests with α = 0.05.

Results

FE and FF constructs displayed similar peak loads and failure modes. FF constructs had greater elongation after pre-tensioning than FE (7.3 vs. 5.5 mm, p = 0.02) and greater elongation after cyclic loading than FE constructs (17.5 vs. 10.5 mm, p = 0.01). Hysteresis was greater for FF constructs at the 50th, 100th, 150th, and 200th cycle (p = 0.02, p = 0.07, p < 0.001, p = 0.004, respectively). FE constructs were stiffer than fresh-frozen (103 vs. 84 N/mm, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

FE constructs were significantly stiffer but displayed similar peak load and failure mode to FF which was reflective of the strength of the suture material. FE grafts can offer an alternative to FF grafts in graft-suture constructs for biomechanical studies where load at failure and knot security and strength is of main interest.

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Titel: Assessment of formalin preserved and fresh frozen quadriceps tendon graft-suture constructs for load to failure testing: a biomechanical cadaveric study
verfasst von: Shahbaz S. Malik
Darren Hart
Sara Gustafson
Jason Peeler
Sheila McRae
Peter MacDonald
Publikationsdatum: 03.07.2024
Verlag: Springer Paris
Erschienen in: European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology / Ausgabe 6/2024
Print ISSN: 1633-8065
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1068
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-024-03976-w

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Assessment of formalin preserved and fresh frozen quadriceps tendon graft-suture constructs for load to failure testing: a biomechanical cadaveric study