Background
Methods
Results
Characteristics | No. | Percent |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 202 | 55.0 |
Female | 165 | 45.0 |
Age groups | ||
≤ 30 years | 128 | 34.9 |
31–40 years | 133 | 36.2 |
≥ 41 years | 106 | 28.9 |
Range | 20–85 years | |
Mean (SD) | 36.6 (11.4) years | |
Marital status | ||
Single | 118 | 32.2 |
Married | 185 | 50.4 |
Divorced | 44 | 12.0 |
Widowed | 20 | 5.4 |
Education level | ||
Illiterate | 30 | 8.2 |
Primary | 25 | 6.8 |
Intermediate | 50 | 13.6 |
High school | 147 | 40.1 |
University | 115 | 31.3 |
Living arrangement | ||
Lives alone | 25 | 6.8 |
Lives with spouse/children | 153 | 41.7 |
Lives with family siblings | 162 | 44.1 |
Lives with other relatives | 12 | 3.3 |
Lives with friends | 15 | 4.1 |
Number of family members in the same household | ||
< 6 | 165 | 45.0 |
6–9 | 146 | 39.8 |
> 9 | 56 | 15.3 |
Living with the person with mental illness in the same household | ||
Yes | 244 | 66.5 |
No | 123 | 33.5 |
Days of contact with the person with mental illness in the past four weeks | ||
No contact | 51 | 13.9 |
Contact for 1- < 28 days | 78 | 21.2 |
Contact for 28 days | 238 | 64.9 |
Monthly income in SR: SR = 0.267 US $ | ||
less than 1500 | 48 | 13.0 |
1500- < 2500 | 85 | 23.2 |
2500- < 4500 | 91 | 24.8 |
4500- < 7500 | 77 | 21.0 |
7500–11,250 | 36 | 9.8 |
more than 11,250 | 30 | 8.2 |
Characteristics | No. | Percent |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 230 | 62.7 |
Female | 137 | 37.3 |
Age groups | ||
≤ 20 years | 31 | 8.4 |
21–30 years | 158 | 43.1 |
31–40 years | 100 | 27.2 |
41+ years | 78 | 21.3 |
Range | 17–90 years | |
Mean (SD) | 33.8 (13.7) years | |
Relationship with the caregivers | ||
Parents | 74 | 20.2 |
Sons/daughters | 56 | 15.3 |
Siblings | 150 | 40.9 |
Other relatives | 20 | 5.4 |
Husband/wife | 30 | 8.2 |
Friend | 29 | 7.8 |
Neighbor | 8 | 2.2 |
Type of support | ||
No support | 62 | 16.9 |
Support from GP or family physician | 16 | 4.4 |
Support from social specialist | 30 | 8.2 |
Support from psychiatrist | 87 | 23.7 |
Support from outpatient clinics in psychiatric hospital | 187 | 51.0 |
Support as being a registered patient in psychiatric hospital | 178 | 48.5 |
IEQ subscales | Mean, SD* | Possible range* | Actual range | Mean, SD** |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tension (9 items) | 10.6, SD = 8.0 | 0–36 | 0–36 | 1.2, SD = 0.9 |
Supervision (6 items) | 7.5, SD = 5.4 | 0–24 | 0–24 | 1.2, SD = 0.8 |
Worrying (6 items) | 10.7, SD = 5.6 | 0–24 | 0–24 | 1.8, SD = 0.9 |
Urging (8 items) | 12.5, SD = 6.6 | 0–32 | 0–32 | 1.6, SD = 0.8 |
Overall score (27 items)*** | 38.4, SD = 17.5 | 0–108 | 0–108 |
Statements | Burden subscales | Overall score Mean, SD | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tension Mean, SD | Supervision Mean, SD | Worrying Mean, SD | Urge Mean, SD | ||
Gender | |||||
Male | 11.2, SD = 8.5 | 8.0, SD = 5.9 | 10.6, SD = 5.6 | 12.3, SD = 6.7 | 39.0, SD = 18.7 |
Female | 9.7, SD = 7.4 | 6.9, SD = 4.7 | 10.9, SD = 5.6 | 12.8, SD = 6.4 | 37.8, SD = 16.1 |
P
| 0.083 | 0.063 | 0.655 | 0.484 | 0.531 |
Age | |||||
≤ 30 years | 11.0, SD = 8.2 | 7.8, SD = 5.5 | 11.3, SD = 5.2 | 11.7, SD = 6.2 | 38.9, SD = 16.6 |
31–40 years | 11.5, SD = 7.7 | 7.9, SD = 5.3 | 10.4, SD = 5.3 | 13.1, SD = 6.6 | 39.9, SD = 17.9 |
≥41 years | 8.8, SD = 7.8 | 6.5, SD = 5.3 | 10.6, SD = 6.4 | 12.9, SD = 7.0 | 36.0, SD = 18.2 |
P
| 0.034 | 0.126 | 0.439 | 0.192 | 0.264 |
Marital status | |||||
Single | 10.9, SD = 8.6 | 7.4, SD = 5.7 | 10.2, SD = 5.3 | 11.7, SD = 7.1 | 37.4, SD = 18.7 |
Married | 10.6, SD = 7.7 | 7.6, SD = 5.3 | 11.2, SD = 5.8 | 13.3, SD = 6.3 | 39.7, SD = 16.8 |
Divorced | 9.6, SD = 8.1 | 7.0, SD = 5.1 | 10.6, SD = 5.7 | 11.3, SD = 6.7 | 36.1, SD = 18.7 |
Widowed | 10.3, SD = 7.7 | 7.6, SD = 5.0 | 10.4, SD = 4.8 | 12.8, SD = 5.9 | 38.2, SD = 14.4 |
P
| 0.852 | 0.919 | 0.490 | 0.138 | 0.574 |
Education level | |||||
Illiterate | 11.3, SD = 9.6 | 7.1, SD = 5.9 | 10.3, SD = 6.6 | 14.7, SD = 7.4 | 40.4, SD = 20.5 |
Primary | 12.5, SD = 8.9 | 9.9, SD = 5.5 | 11.6, SD = 5.9 | 14.2, SD = 5.2 | 43.7, SD = 17.6 |
Intermediate | 9.8, SD = 6.8 | 7.4, SD = 5.0 | 11.1, SD = 5.1 | 12.3, SD = 5.7 | 38.3, SD = 14.8 |
High school | 10.6, SD = 8.0 | 7.3, SD = 5.2 | 10.2, SD = 5.4 | 11.5, SD = 6.7 | 36.9, SD = 17.5 |
University | 10.2, SD = 8.0 | 7.4, SD = 5.5 | 11.2, SD = 5.6 | 12.9, SD = 6.7 | 38.8, SD = 17.7 |
P
| 0.720 | 0.330 | 0.516 | 0.092 | 0.509 |
Living arrangement | |||||
Live alone | 13.4, SD = 8.3 | 8.1, SD = 4.7 | 9.0, SD = 5.4 | 14.1, SD = 7.7 | 41.0, SD = 18.4 |
Live with spouse/children | 10.1, SD = 7.2 | 7.0, SD = 4.7 | 11.7, SD = 5.3 | 13.4, SD = 6.0 | 39.4, SD = 15.0 |
Lives with family siblings | 10.9, SD = 8.9 | 7.9, SD = 6.1 | 10.4, SD = 5.8 | 11.6, SD = 6.9 | 37.7, SD = 19.8 |
Lives with other relatives | 8.8, SD = 5.1 | 7.1, SD = 3.6 | 9.0, SD = 4.4 | 13.5, SD = 6.8 | 36.6, SD = 14.6 |
Lives with friends | 8.9, SD = 6.0 | 7.3, SD = 5.4 | 9.1, SD = 5.7 | 10.7, SD = 5.4 | 34.1, SD = 16.6 |
P
| 0.331 | 0.670 | 0.038 | 0.072 | 0.717 |
Number of family members | |||||
<6 members | 10.6, SD = 7.9 | 7.4, SD = 5.0 | 11.5, SD = 6.0 | 12.9, SD = 6.7 | 39.8, SD = 17.4 |
6–9 members | 10.0, SD = 8.2 | 7.4, SD = 5.8 | 10.2, SD = 5.2 | 12.6, SD = 6.6 | 37.2, SD = 17.0 |
>9 members | 11.7, SD = 7.8 | 7.8, SD = 5.6 | 9.7, SD = 5.9 | 11.7, SD = 6.2 | 37.8, SD = 19.3 |
P
| 0.410 | 0.915 | 0.045 | 0.547 | 0.454 |
Live with person with mental illness in same household | |||||
Yes | 10.2, SD = 8.4 | 7.5, SD = 5.5 | 11.0, SD = 5.7 | 13.2, SD = 6.7 | 38.9, SD = 17.7 |
No | 11.4, SD = 7.2 | 7.5, SD = 5.2 | 10.3, SD = 5.2 | 11.0, SD = 6.0 | 37.5, SD = 17.3 |
P
| 0.207 | 0.883 | 0.242 | 0.004 | 0.507 |
Days of contact | |||||
No contact | 8.9, SD = 7.1 | 6.5, SD = 5.1 | 10.7, SD = 6.0 | 11.3, SD = 7.0 | 34.8, SD = 20.3 |
Contact 1- < 28 days | 11.1, SD = 7.0 | 7.4, SD = 4.4 | 9.7, SD = 5.1 | 10.4, SD = 4.9 | 35.7, SD = 13.8 |
28 days | 10.6, SD = 8.4 | 7.7, SD = 5.7 | 11.1, SD = 5.6 | 13.4, SD = 6.8 | 39.9, SD = 18.1 |
P
| 0.409 | 0.504 | 0.145 | 0.001 | 0.091 |
Monthly income | |||||
< 1500 SR | 11.1, SD = 8.7 | 8.4, SD = 6.2 | 9.3, SD = 5.8 | 12.6, SD = 7.4 | 38.4, SD = 21.6 |
1500- < 2500 | 10.9, SD = 7.9 | 7.3, SD = 5.3 | 9.9, SD = 5.8 | 11.7, SD = 6.2 | 37.1, SD = 16.6 |
2500- < 4500 | 9.9, SD = 7.7 | 7.0, SD = 5.1 | 11.1, SD = 5.6 | 13.0, SD = 6.9 | 38.3, SD = 17.6 |
4500- < 7500 | 10.5, SD = 7.7 | 7.4, SD = 4.3 | 11.2, SD = 4.8 | 11.9, SD = 5.6 | 37.7, SD = 13.5 |
7500–11,250 | 11.1, SD = 7.5 | 8.4, SD = 6.6 | 11.9, SD = 5.5 | 14.3, SD = 6.4 | 42.7, SD = 18.4 |
more than 11,250 | 10.4, SD = 7.8 | 7.0, SD = 5.5 | 11.8, SD = 6.2 | 12.3, SD = 7.3 | 39.1, SD = 20.5 |
P
| 0.946 | 0.668 | 0.143 | 0.430 | 0.776 |
Statements | Burden subscales | Overall score Mean, SD | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tension Mean, SD | Supervision Mean, SD | Worrying Mean, SD | Urge Mean, SD | ||
Gender | |||||
Male | 10.9, SD = 8.2 | 7.6, SD = 5.4 | 10.8, SD = 5.5 | 11.9, SD = 6.5 | 38.5, SD = 17.8 |
Female | 9.9, SD = 7.7 | 7.2, SD = 5.3 | 10.6, SD = 5.7 | 13.5, SD = 6.6 | 38.3, SD = 17.1 |
P
| 0.250 | 0.497 | 0.774 | 0.033 | 0.926 |
Age | |||||
< 21 years | 9.0, SD = 7.5 | 7.6, SD = 6.3 | 11.7, SD = 6.2 | 14.1, SD = 6.4 | 40.0, SD = 17.3 |
21–30 years | 10.4, SD = 7.4 | 7.5, SD = 5.0 | 11.1, SD = 5.3 | 12.3, SD = 6.6 | 38.3, SD = 16.1 |
31–40 years | 11.1, SD = 7.5 | 7.7, SD = 5.2 | 9.9, SD = 5.4 | 11.9, SD = 6.3 | 38.1, SD = 17.9 |
≥41 years | 10.9, SD = 7.8 | 6.9, SD = 5.9 | 10.8, SD = 6.1 | 13.2, SD = 7.0 | 38.3, SD = 20.6 |
P
| 0.633 | 0.827 | 0.300 | 0.338 | 0.965 |
Relationship with caregiver | |||||
Parents | 13.2, SD = 9.7 | 8.4, SD = 5.7 | 11.7, SD = 5.5 | 14.6, SD = 5.8 | 44.1, SD = 17.6 |
Sons/daughters | 8.5, SD = 7.2 | 6.7, SD = 5.0 | 12.6, SD = 5.4 | 13.7, SD = 6.2 | 39.1, SD = 12.9 |
Siblings | 10.9, SD = 7.5 | 7.7, SD = 5.4 | 10.4, SD = 5.7 | 11.1, SD = 6.6 | 37.1, SD = 18.6 |
Other relatives | 8.5, SD = 8.9 | 7.0, SD = 5.6 | 8.5, SD = 5.7 | 10.8, SD = 5.5 | 32.3, SD = 19.2 |
Spouse | 8.8, SD = 7.2 | 6.7, SD = 4.9 | 9.8, SD = 4.9 | 14.3, SD = 7.8 | 36.2, SD = 18.9 |
Friend | 8.8, SD = 6.6 | 6.7, SD = 5.0 | 8.8, SD = 5.4 | 11.5, SD = 6.4 | 33.5, SD = 15.7 |
Neighbor | 9.7, SD = 6.1 | 7.2, SD = 6.8 | 11.7, SD = 2.8 | 10.7, SD = 67.6 | 36.8, SD = 14.6 |
P
| 0.011 | 0.458 | 0.011 | 0.003 | 0.036 |
Receiving professional support | |||||
Yes | 10.8, SD = 8.6 | 7.1, SD = 5.4 | 11.9, SD = 5.4 | 11.0, SD = 5.6 | 36.8, SD = 17.0 |
No | 10.5, SD = 7.9 | 7.6, SD = 5.4 | 10.5, SD = 5.6 | 12.8, SD = 6.7 | 38.7, SD = 17.6 |
P
| 0.769 | 0.554 | 0.078 | 0.050 | 0.476 |