Background
Methods
The antenatal care services
The PMTCT program
Sampling procedure
Data collection and quality control
Data processing and analysis
Ethical consideration
Results
Variables | Acceptors (330) | Non-acceptors (70) | Total (400) |
---|---|---|---|
Age[Mean(SD)=25.37 (5.25)] | |||
1524 | 154(38.5) | 20(5.0) | 174(43.4) |
2534 | 154(38.5) | 29(7.2) | 183(45.8) |
35-49 | 22(5.5) | 21(5.2) | 43(10.8) |
Residence
| |||
Urban | 262(65.5) | 23(5.8) | 285(71.2) |
Rural | 68(17.0) | 47(11.8) | 115(28.8) |
Ethnic group
| |||
Amhara | 323(80.8) | 68(17.0) | 391(97.8) |
Tigray | 6(1.5) | 2(0.5) | 8(2.0) |
Gurage | 1(0.2) | 0(0.0) | 1(0.2) |
Religion
| |||
Orthodox Christian | 297(74.2) | 64(16.0) | 361(90.2) |
Muslim | 29(7.2) | 6(1.5) | 35(8.8) |
Protestant | 4(1.0) | 0(.0) | 4(1.0) |
Education
| |||
No education | 144(36.0) | 50(12.5) | 194(48.5) |
Primary Education | 30(7.5) | 8(2.0) | 38(9.5) |
Secondary & above | 156(39.0) | 12(3.0) | 168(42.0) |
Occupation
| |||
Government employed | 61(15.2) | 3 (0.8) | 64(16.0) |
Merchant | 33 (8.2) | 8 (2.0) | 41(10.2) |
House wife | 183(45.8) | 53(13.2) | 236(59.0) |
Student | 35(8.8) | 2 (0.5) | 37(9.2) |
Others* | 18(4.5) | 4 (1.0) | 22(5.5) |
Marital Status
| |||
Never married | 18(4.5) | 1 (0.2) | 19(4.8) |
Married/living together | 298 (74.5) | 63 (15.8) | 361(90.2) |
Divorced/separated/widowed | 14(3.5) | 6 (1.5) | 20(5.0) |
Monthly Expenditure
| |||
450 birr/month | 71 (17.8) | 36 (9.0) | 107(26.8) |
451999 birr/month | 168 (42.0) | 24 (6.0) | 192(48.0) |
1000 birr/month | 91 (22.8) | 10 (2.5) | 101(25.2) |
Knowledge and attitude of respondents towards PITC among pregnant women attending ANC in Health facilities of Gondar town
Questions | Acceptors n=330 | Non-acceptors n=70 | Total n=400 |
---|---|---|---|
Ever heard of PITC
| 321 (97.3) | 66 (94.3) | 387(96.8) |
Yes | 9 (2.7) | 4 (5.7) | 13 (3.2) |
No | |||
Sources of information:
|
n=321
|
n=66
|
n=387
|
Health workers | 225 (70.1) | 45 (68.2) | 270(70.0) |
Family members | 32 (10.0) | 8 (12.1) | 40(10.3) |
Mass media | 6 (2.0) | 6 (9.1) | 12(3.1) |
Friends | 3 (1.0) | 2 (3.0) | 5(1.3) |
Multiple answers | 54 (16.9) | 5 (7.6) | 59(15.3) |
In favor of PITC
|
n=330
|
n=70
|
n=400
|
Yes | 301 (91.2) | 63 (90.0) | 364(91.0) |
No | 29 (8.8) | 7 (10.0) | 36(9.0) |
Specific Attitudes on PITC
| |||
Those women who agree that PITC:
|
n=330
|
n=70
|
n=400
|
Makes easier for ANC clients to get tested. | 154 (46.7) | 23(32.9) | 177(44.25) |
Avoid discrimination of HIV positive women | 32 (9.7) | 8 (11.4) | 40(10.0) |
Avoids violence towards women. | 27 (8.2) | 5 (7.1) | 32(8.0) |
Helps ANC clients to get an access for ART. | 84 (25.5) | 13 (18.6) | 97(24.25) |
Increase number of HIV tested pregnant women. | 43 (13.0) | 4 (5.7) | 47(11.75) |
Helps to take ARV drugs to prevent a baby from HIV. | 133 (40.3) | 22 (31.4) | 155(38.75) |
Helps to decide on what to feed a baby to prevent from HIV. | 68 (20.6) | 4 (5.7) | 72(18.0) |
Leads people to avoid going to a health facility for fear of HIV testing. | 42 (12.7) | 29 (41.4) | 71(17.75) |
Increase violence towards women. | 15 (4.5) | 18 (25.7) | 33(8.25) |
Violet ANC clients human right. | 12 (3.6) | 3 (4.3) | 15(3.75) |
Leads to more discrimination of HIV positive women. | 9 (2.7) | 3 (4.3) | 12(3.0) |
Reasons for acceptance and refusal of PITC among pregnant women attending ANC in health facilities of Gondar town
Reasons for Acceptance of PITC:
|
n=330
|
To protect my child from HIV | 114(35.0) |
To protect my partner from HIV | 4(1.0) |
To know my HIV status | 147(44.0) |
Multiple answers | 65(20.0) |
Reasons for Refusal of PITC:
|
n=70
|
Fear of stigma and discrimination | 2(2.9) |
Fear of partners reaction for HIV positive result | 22(31.4) |
Fear of knowing HIV positive test result | 6(8.6) |
Lack of HIV risk perception | 5(7.1) |
Not being sure of HIV test confidentiality | 6(8.6) |
Need for partners consent | 7(10.0) |
Was not ready for HIV test | 10(14.3) |
Multiple answers | 12(17.2) |
Association between acceptance of provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling and each explanatory variable
Explanatory Variable | Acceptance of PITC | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P- value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes(1)
|
No(0)
| ||||
Age
| |||||
1524 | 154 | 20 | 7.35(3.44, 15.69) | 5.55(1.57, 19.66) | 0.024 |
2534 | 154 | 29 | 5.07(2.47, 10.39) | 3.87(1.23, 12.15) | |
35-49 | 22 | 21 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Residence
| |||||
Urban | 262 | 23 | 7.87(4.47, 13.86) | 2.85(1.10, 7.41) | 0.031 |
Rural | 68 | 47 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Education level
| |||||
No Education | 144 | 50 | 0.22(0.11, 0.43) | 3.64(1.04, 12.78) | 0.067 |
Primary education | 30 | 8 | 0.29(0.11, 0.77) | 1.03(0.25, 4.35) | |
Secondary & above | 156 | 12 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Monthly Expenditure
| |||||
1000 birr/month | 91 | 10 | 4.61(2.14, 9.93) | 2.87(1.11, 7.44) | 0.078 |
451999 birr/ month | 168 | 24 | 3.55(1.98, 6.38) | 1.34(0.41, 4.32) | |
450 birr/month | 71 | 36 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
No of ANC visits
| |||||
Two and above | 240 | 23 | 5.45(3.13, 9.49) | 2.64(1.17, 5.95) | 0.02 |
One | 90 | 47 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Have Comprehensive Knowledge on HIV/AIDS
| |||||
Yes | 224 | 15 | 7.75(4.19, 14.35) | 4.30(1.72, 10.73) | 0.002 |
No | 106 | 55 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Attitude towards PITC
| |||||
More favourable | 267 | 14 | 16.95(8.88, 32.37) | 6.17(2.59, 14.74) | <0.001 |
Less favourable | 63 | 56 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Perceived Partner's reaction for HIV positive result
| |||||
Positive | 271 | 15 | 16.84(8.91, 31.83) | 8.19(3.57, 18.80) | <0.001 |
Negative | 59 | 55 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Have Knowledge on PMTCT
| |||||
Yes | 221 | 14 | 8.11(4.32, 15.21) | 3.27(1.34, 7.94) | 0.009 |
No | 109 | 56 | 1.00 | 1.00 |