Background
Methods
Study population
Laboratory assays
Echocardiographic measurement
Data analysis
Results
Variable | Total (n = 347) | Reference (n = 124) | DHF (n = 97) | SHF (n = 126) |
P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 57.18 ± 12.94 | 48.36 ± 12.34 | 60.28 ± 10.87 | 63.48 ± 9.93 | <0.001 |
Gender (Female, %) | 139 (40.06%) | 52 (41.94%) | 39 (40.21%) | 48 (38.1%) | 0.662 |
BMI | 23.80 ± 3.88 | 22.93 ± 3.28 | 24.22 ± 3.44 | 24.35 ± 4.57 | 0.007 |
WC | 82.64 ± 7.82 | 78.97 ± 6.21 | 82.91 ± 7.18 | 86.04 ± 7.09 | <0.001 |
SBP | 127.42 ± 19.01 | 120.12 ± 14.57 | 134.46 ± 20.75 | 129.24 ± 19.17 | <0.001 |
DBP | 77.59 ± 11.47 | 75.07 ± 10.17 | 80.63 ± 12.84 | 77.73 ± 11.07 | 0.002 |
HR | 74.77 ± 14.51 | 70.84 ± 10.75 | 74.4 ± 13.91 | 79.65 ± 17.24 | <0.001 |
Laboratory assay | |||||
FPG | 6.23 ± 2.46 | 5.80 ± 2.63 | 6.38 ± 2.71 | 6.54 ± 1.99 | 0.047 |
PBG | 8.92 ± 4.35 | 8.27 ± 4.54 | 9.36 ± 4.28 | 9.04 ± 4.28 | 0.402 |
HbAlc | 6.81 ± 1.99 | 6.73 ± 2.55 | 6.96 ± 2.13 | 6.75 ± 1.44 | 0.805 |
TC | 4.46 ± 1.08 | 4.44 ± 1.16 | 4.59 ± 1.08 | 4.39 ± 0.98 | 0.373 |
TG | 1.70 ± 1.37 | 1.53 ± 1.20 | 1.87 ± 1.35 | 1.74 ± 1.54 | 0.176 |
HDL | 1.09 ± 0.29 | 1.17 ± 0.31 | 1.09 ± 0.28 | 1.00 ± 0.26 | <0.001 |
LDL | 2.58 ± 0.87 | 2.5 ± 0.91 | 2.64 ± 0.89 | 2.62 ± 0.8 | 0.445 |
SCr | 80.31 ± 39.9 | 68.74 ± 14.72 | 74.71 ± 16.48 | 100.4 ± 42.1 | <0.001 |
Ccr | 86.56 ± 31.82 | 101.08 ± 26.41 | 86.86 ± 25.59 | 71.31 ± 34.35 | <0.001 |
UA | 0.36 ± 0.12 | 0.32 ± 0.08 | 0.36 ± 0.12 | 0.4 ± 0.13 | <0.001 |
Echocardiography | |||||
LAD | 38.13 ± 6.24 | 33.85 ± 3.4 | 37.44 ± 5.05 | 42.91 ± 5.95 | <0.001 |
LVMI | 126.83 ± 48.78 | 98.47 ± 25.21 | 118.08 ± 40.75 | 161.89 ± 51.01 | <0.001 |
EF | 55.53 ± 14.50 | 65.55 ± 5.22 | 65.68 ± 6.39 | 38.00 ± 5.77 | <0.001 |
DT | 203.92 ± 54.74 | 189.19 ± 23.19 | 231.82 ± 69.73 | 163.86 ± 50.97 | <0.001 |
Medical history | |||||
HT (yes, %) | 247 (71.18%) | 57 (45.97%) | 73 (75.26%) | 117 (92.86%) | <0.001 |
DM (yes, %) | 166 (49.26%) | 36 (29.03%) | 53 (54.64%) | 77 (61.11%) | <0.001 |
MetS (yes, %) | 92 (26.51%) | 16 (12.9%) | 30 (30.93%) | 46 (36.51%) | <0.001 |
CAD (yes, %) | 86 (24.78%) | 24 (19.35%) | 26 (26.8%) | 36 (28.57%) | 0.208 |
Smoking (yes, %) | 123 (38.2%) | 40 (32.26%) | 27 (27.84%) | 56 (44.44%) | <0.001 |
Medical therapy | |||||
Anti-HT | 232 (66.86%) | 52 (41.94%) | 39 (40.21%) | 48 (38.1%) | <0.001 |
Anti-DM | 119 (35.74%) | 27 (21.77%) | 43 (44.33%) | 49 (38.89%) | <0.001 |
Anti-HF | 89 (25.65%) | 1 (0.81%) | 10 (10.31%) | 78 (61.9%) | <0.001 |
Anti-Lip | 113 (33.73%) | 28 (22.58%) | 23 (23.71%) | 62 (49.21%) | <0.001 |
Components of MetS v.s SHF and DHF
Model | Variables |
β
| SE |
P value |
OR
| 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DHF v.s Control | Age | 0.655 | 0.165 | <0.001 | 1.92 | 1.39-2.66 |
LVMI | 0.015 | 0.006 | 0.013 | 1.01 | 1.00-1.02 | |
HR | 0.469 | 0.41 | 0.252 | 1.60 | 0.71-3.56 | |
FPG | 0.049 | 0.481 | 0.919 | 1.05 | 0.40-2.69 | |
HT | 0.292 | 0.109 | 0.044 | 1.34 | 1.08-1.66 | |
TG | 0.728 | 0.280 | 0.049 | 2.07 | 1.20-3.59 | |
Intercept | -6.346 | 1.132 | <0.001 | |||
SHF v.s Control | Age | 0.718 | 0.211 | 0.001 | 2.05 | 1.35-3.09 |
LVMI | 0.037 | 0.007 | <0.001 | 1.03 | 1.02-1.05 | |
HR | 1.565 | 0.439 | <0.001 | 4.78 | 2.02-11.31 | |
FPG | 1.322 | 0.547 | 0.016 | 3.75 | 1.28-10.95 | |
HT | 1.278 | 0.611 | 0.036 | 3.59 | 1.08-11.88 | |
TG | -0.02 | 0.471 | 0.967 | 0.98 | 0.39-2.466 | |
Intercept | -12.024 | 1.719 | <0.001 |
Model | Variable | Wilks' λ |
Fstatistic |
P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | BMI | 0.995 | 0.592 | 0.554 |
HT | 0.970 | 3.631 | 0.028 | |
FPG | 0.977 | 2.894 | 0.057 | |
TG | 0.972 | 3.525 | 0.031 | |
HDL | 0.991 | 1.102 | 0.335 | |
Model 2 | MetS | 0.934 | 1.971 | 0.049 |
MetS severity v.s SHF and DHF
Model | Variables |
β
| SE |
P value |
OR
| 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DHF v.s Control | Age | 0.672 | 0.156 | <0.001 | 1.96 | 1.44-2.65 |
LVMI | 0.015 | 0.006 | 0.008 | 1.02 | 1.00-1.02 | |
HR | 0.914 | 0.381 | 0.017 | 2.49 | 1.18-5.26 | |
Anti-lipids drug | -0.706 | 0.412 | 0.087 | 0.49 | 0.22-1.10 | |
MetS | 0.497 | 0.175 | 0.004 | 1.64 | 1.16-2.31 | |
Intercept | -5.317 | 0.888 | <0.001 | |||
SHF v.s Control | Age | 0.690 | 0.195 | <0.001 | 1.99 | 1.36-2.92 |
LVMI | 0.040 | 0.007 | <0.001 | 1.04 | 1.02-1.05 | |
HR | 1.807 | 0.414 | <0.001 | 6.09 | 2.70-13.72 | |
Anti-lipids drug | 0.328 | 0.450 | 0.466 | 1.39 | 0.57-3.35 | |
MetS | 0.286 | 0.105 | 0.043 | 1.33 | 1.08-1.64 | |
Intercept | -9.998 | 1.182 | <0.001 |