Background
Methods
Study design and participants
Covariates
Assessment of anxiety and mood disorders
Statistical analyses
History mood and anxiety disorder predicting BMI change
BMI at baseline predicting mood and anxiety disorders
Follow-up and handling of missing data
Results
Variables | Mood disorder before baseline predicting BMI (n = 1646) # | Anxiety before baseline predicting BMI (n = 1638) # | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Men (n = 634) | Women (n = 1012) | Men (n = 630) | Women (n = 1008) | |
Age, years | 31.9 ± 2.6 | 31.6 ± 2.7 | 31.9 ± 2.6 | 31.6 ± 2.7 |
Education | ||||
Tertiary | 282 (44.7) | 520 (51.8) | 280 (44.7) | 517 (51.8) |
Vocational | 235 (37.2) | 269 (26.8) | 234 (37.3) | 268 (26.8) |
School only | 114 (18.1) | 214 (21.3) | 113 (18.0) | 214 (21.4) |
Socio-economic quartile | ||||
High | 742 (23.2) | 748 (24.1) | 134 (26.2) | 211 (27.1) |
Med-high | 914 (28.6) | 886 (28.6) | 141 ()27.6 | 209 (26.9) |
Med-low | 1230 (38.5) | 1197 (38.6) | 196 (38.4) | 314 (40.4) |
Low | 310 (9.7) | 272 (8.8) | 40 (7.8) | 44 (5.7) |
Smoking | ||||
Never | 385 (61.0) | 582 (57.6) | 384 (61.2) | 580 (57.6) |
Former | 141 (22.4) | 295 (29.2) | 140 (22.3) | 294 (29.2) |
Current | 105 (16.6) | 134 (13.2) | 103 (16.4) | 133 (13.2) |
Change in marital status since baseline | ||||
Never married | 160 (14.1) | 179 (11.5) | 75 (13.0) | 116 (12.5) |
Become married/defacto | 179 (15.7) | 170 (10.9) | 99 (17.2) | 75 (8.1) |
Stayed married | 741 (65.1) | 1097 (70.4) | 381 (66.0) | 674 (72.7) |
Became divorced/widowed | 32 (2.8) | 56 (3.6) | 10 (1.7) | 29 (3.1) |
Stayed separated/widowed | 8 (0.7) | 24 (1.5) | 4 (0.7) | 13 (1.4) |
Parental status since baseline | ||||
No children | 436 (34.60) | 484 (28.2) | 206 (40.0) | 265 (27.2) |
First child born | 315 (25.0) | 326 (19.0) | 164 (27.1) | 185 (19.0) |
Additional children born | 235 (18.7) | 359 (20.9) | 110 (18.2) | 214 (22.0) |
Same number of children | 274 (21.8) | 548 (31.9) | 126 (20.8) | 311 (31.9) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.6+ 4.4 | 25.5 ± 5.7 | 26.6 ± 4.5 | 25.5 ± 5.7 |
History of CVD or diabetes | 83 (16.0) | 83(9.9) | 83 (16.1) | 83 (10.0) |
Social support index | N = 543, 61.2 ± 8.0 | N = 872, 62.5 ± 7.1 | 61.3 ± 8.0 | 62.6 ± 7.1 |
Total healthy lifestyle score | 2.2 ± 1.8 | 2.2 ± 1.7 | ||
SF-12 physical component score | 53.7 ± 6.4 | 53.2 ± 7.6 | 53.7 ± 7.5 | 53.3 ± 7.5 |
Total diet score | 99.7 ± 19.1 | 107.9 ± 17.4 | 99.8 ± 19.2 | 107.8 ± 17.4 |
Anxiety before baseline | 77 (12.0) | 210 (19.1) | 76 (12.1) | 195 (19.4) |
Mood disorder before baseline | 85 (13.4) | 229 (22.6) | 85 (13.5) | 226 (22.4) |
Lifetime depression (at CDAH2) | ||||
Never | 521 (82.2) | 710 (70.2) | 532 (84.4) | 751 (74.5) |
History | 30 (4.7) | 102 (10.1) | 16 (2.5) | 27 (2.7) |
Recurrent | 55 (8.7) | 127 (12.6) | 60 (9.5) | 168 (16.7) |
Incident | 28 (4.4) | 73 (7.2) | 22 (3.5) | 62 (6.5) |
Mood disorder 12 months prior to CDAH2 (incident and recurrent) | 40 (6.3) | 92 (9.1) | 40 (6.3) | 91 (9.0) |
Lifetime anxiety (at CDAH2) | ||||
Never | 532 (84.4) | 751(74.5) | 517(82.1) | 709 (70.3) |
History | 16 (2.5) | 27 (2.7) | 30 (4.8) | 100 (9.9) |
Recurrent | 60 (9.5) | 168 (16.7) | 55 (8.7) | 126 (12.5) |
Incident | 22 (3.5) | 62 (6.2) | 28 (4.4) | 73 (7.2) |
Anxiety 12 months prior to CDAH2 (incident and recurrent) | 47 (7.5) | 141 (14.0) | 47 (8.1) | 141 (15.8) |
History of mood disorder and anxiety predicting BMI change
Variables | β (95% CI) after inclusion of potential mediators or confoundersa | Total mediated effect |
---|---|---|
Males | ||
Baseline measurements | ||
Base model | 0.77 (0.14–1.40) | – |
C-reactive protein | 0.67 (−0.02–1.37) | 0.10 |
Moderate or vigorous physical activity | 0.85 (0.14–1.56) | −0.08 |
Steps per day | 0.72 (0.03–1.42) | 0.05 |
Dietary adherence | 0.70 (0.01–1.39) | 0.07 |
Dietary guideline index | 0.71 (0.02–1.4) | 0.06 |
Extra food consumption | 0.88 (0.11–1.64) | −0.11 |
Takeaway food consumption | 0.70 (0.01–1.39) | 0.07 |
Antidepressant use | 0.77 (0.05–1.49) | 0 |
Smoking status | 0.70 (0.02–1.38) | 0.07 |
Additional follow-up variables | ||
Moderate or vigorous physical activity | 0.70 (0.00–1.40) | 0.07 |
Steps per day | 0.68 (−0.01–1.40) | 0.09 |
Dietary guideline index | 0.71 (0.01–1.40) | 0.06 |
Dietary adherence | 0.71 (0.02–1.40) | 0.06 |
Change between baseline and follow-up | ||
Change in steps per day | 0.68 (−0.02–1.38) | 0.09 |
Change in smoking status | 0.72 (0.04–1.39) | 0.05 |
Change in dietary Guideline Index | 0.70 (0.01–1.39) | 0.07 |
Full model | 0.70 (0.01–1.39) | 0.07 |
Females | ||
Baseline measurements | ||
Base model | 0.53 (0.00,1.06) | – |
C-reactive protein | 0.41 (−0.14,0.96) | 0.12 |
Moderate or vigorous physical activity | 0.41 (−0.15,0.96) | 0.12 |
Steps per day | 0.41 (−0.14,0.97) | 0.12 |
Dietary adherence | 0.40 (−0.15,0.95) | 0.13 |
Dietary Guideline Index | 0.40 (−0.15,0.95) | 0.13 |
Extra food consumption | 0.59 (0.02,1.16) | −0.06 |
Takeaway food consumption | 0.41 (−0.14,0.96) | 0.12 |
Antidepressant use | 0.46 (−0.16,1.07) | 0.07 |
Smoking status | 0.39 (−0.17,0.95) | 0.14 |
Additional follow-up variables | ||
Moderate or vigorous physical activity | 0.40 (−0.15,0.95) | 0.13 |
Steps per day | 0.34 (−0.21,0.90) | 0.19 |
Dietary Guideline Index | 0.40 (−0.15,0.95) | 0.13 |
Dietary adherence | 0.40 (−0.15,0.96) | 0.13 |
Change between baseline and follow-up | ||
Change in steps per day | 0.39 (−0.16,0.94) | 0.14 |
Change in smoking status | 0.44 (−0.11,0.99) | 0.09 |
Change in dietary Guideline Index | 0.39 (−0.16,0.95) | 0.14 |
Full model | 0.39 (−0.16,0.95) | 0.14 |
Baseline BMI predicting mood and anxiety disorders
Variables | Episode of mood disorder since baseline (vs. those with no history) | PERM | Episode of mood disorder 12 leading to CDAH2 (vs those with no history) | PERM |
---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted RR (95% CI) after inclusion of covariate | Adjusted RR (95% CI) after inclusion of covariate | |||
Males | ||||
Base model | 0.97 (0.90,1.04) | 0.94 (0.86,1.03) | – | |
C-reactive protein | 0.94 (0.82,1.08) | −100 | 0.92 (0.84,1.02) | −33.3 |
Dietary guideline index | 0.95 (0.87,1.03) | −66.7 | 0.94 (0.85,1.03) | 0 |
Antidepressant use | 0.92 (0.83,1.03) | − 166.7 | 0.94 (0.85,1.04) | 0 |
Smoking status | 0.94 (0.86,1.03) | 100 | 0.94 (0.85,1.04) | 0 |
Fibrinogen | 0.91 (0.88,1.06) | 200 | 0.94 (0.85,1.04) | 0 |
Moderate or vigorous physical activity | 0.88 (0.68,1.12) | 300 | 0.88 (0.72,1.07) | −100 |
Steps per day | 0.89 (0.69,1.15) | − 266.7 | 0.88 (0.72,1.08) | −100 |
Extra food consumption | 0.94 (0.83,1.07) | −100 | 0.94 (0.85,1.04) | 0 |
Smoking status at follow-up | 0.92 (0.81–1.06) | −166.7 | 0.87 (0.72,1.07) | − 116.7 |
Moderate or vigorous physical activity | 0.88 (0.64,1.20) | 300 | 0.86 (0.70,1.06) | − 133.3 |
Dietary guideline index | 0.94 (0.80–1.09) | −100 | 0.93 (8.83–1.04) | −16.7 |
Weight satisfaction | 0.90 (0.76,1.08) | − 233.0 | 0.92 (0.80,1.07) | −33.3 |
Dietary adherence | 0.86 (0.61,1.21) | − 366.0 | 0.87 (0.70,1.09) | −116.7 |
Takeaway food consumption | 0.93 (0.78,1.11) | −133.3 | 0.93 (0.83,1.04) | −16.7 |
Full model | 0.93 (0.78,1.11) | −133.3 | 0.93 (0.83,1.04) | −16.7 |
Females | ||||
Base model | 1.04 (1.01,1.08) | 1.03 (1.00,1.07) | – | |
C-reactive protein | 1.09 (1.01,1.17) | − 125.0 | 1.06 (1.03,1.11) | −100 |
Dietary guideline index | 1.05 (1.00,1.11) | −25.0 | 1.06 (1.02,1.10) | −100 |
Antidepressant use | 1.06 (0.99,1.14) | −50.0 | 1.07 (1.02,1.12) | −133.3 |
Smoking status | 1.07 (1.02,1.13) | −75.0 | 1.06 (1.02,1.10) | −100 |
Fibrinogen | 1.13 (0.98–1.30) | − 225 | 1.06 (1.01–1.11) | − 100 |
Moderate or vigorous physical activity | 1.13 (0.98,1.30) | −225 | 1.12 (1.02,1.23) | − 300 |
Steps per day | 1.15 (0.99,1.33) | 275 | 1.13 (1.00,1.28) | − 333.3 |
Extra food consumption | 1.07 (1.00,1.15) | −75.0 | 1.06 (1.00,1.13) | −100 |
Smoking status at follow-up | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) | −50.0 | 1.12 (1.02,1.23) | −300 |
Moderate or vigorous physical activity at follow-up | 1.06 (0.99,1.14) | −50.0 | 1.06 (1.01,1.11) | −100 |
Dietary guideline index at follow-up | 1.13 (0.98–1.30) | −225.0 | 1.13 (1.02–1.24) | −333.3 |
Weight satisfaction | 1.08 (1.00,1.16) | −100 | 1.11 (0.94,1.30) | 266.7 |
Dietary adherence | 1.15 (0.99,1.33) | − 275.0 | 1.07 (1.00,1.13) | −133.3 |
Takeaway food consumption | 1.07 (1.00,1.15) | −75.0 | 1.06 (1.00,1.13) | −100 |
Full model | 1.07 (1.00,1.15) | −75.0 | 1.06 (1.00,1.13) | −100 |