Background
Methods
Study groups
HLA typing
Statistical analysis
Results
General characteristics of the study population
Total | 141 |
Male/Female | 80 (56.7 %)/61 (43.3 %) |
Mean age at the time of end stage renal disease | 40 ± 12 y |
Causes of end stage renal disease | |
1. Diabetes mellitus | 30 (21.3 %) |
2. IgA nephropathy | 9 (6.4 %) |
3. Autosomal polycystic kidney disease | 4 (2.8 %) |
4. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis | 3 (2.1 %) |
5. Minimal change disease | 3 (2.1 %) |
6. Rapidly progressive GN | 1 (0.7 %) |
7. Membranous nephropathy | 1 (0.7 %) |
8. Mesangioproliferative GN | 1 (0.7 %) |
9. Unknown | 89 (63.2 %) |
Association of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens with ESRD
Patients N = 141 | Control N = 190 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antigens | Count | Antigen frequency | Count | Antigen frequency | Odds ratio | 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) | P value |
A1 | 4 | 2.8 % | 1 | 0.5 % | 5.52 | 0.610–49.920 | NS |
A2 | 61 | 43.3 % | 96 | 50.5 % | 0.75 | 0.482–1.157 | NS |
A3 | 2 | 1.4 % | 6.83 | 0.325–143.350 | NS | ||
A24 | 48 | 34.0 % | 59 | 31.1 % | 1.15 | 0.720–1.824 | NS |
A11 | 86 | 61.0 % | 112 | 58.9 % | 1.09 | 0.698–1.699 | NS |
A26 | 5 | 3.5 % | 10 | 5.3 % | 0.66 | 0.221–1.981 | NS |
A29 | 1 | 0.0 % | 1 | 0.5 % | 1.35 | 0.084–21.771 | NS |
A30 | 7 | 5.0 % | 3 | 1.6 % | 3.26 | 0.827–12.822 | NS |
A31 | 3 | 2.1 % | 9 | 4.7 % | 0.44 | 0.116–1.645 | NS |
A32 | 2 | 1.1 % | 0.27 | 0.013–5.593 | NS | ||
A33 | 32 | 22.7 % | 37 | 19.5 % | 1.21 | 0.712–2.069 | NS |
A34 | 3 | 2.1 % | 9.63 | 0.493–187.918 | NS | ||
A68 | 1 | 0.5 % | 0.45 | 0.018–11.040 | NS |
Patients N = 141 | Control N = 190 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antigens | Count | Antigen frequency | Count | Antigen frequency | Odds ratio | 95 % confidence interval (95 %CI) | P value |
B13 | 25 | 17.7 % | 34 | 17.9 % | 0.99 | 0.560–1.748 | NS |
B18 | 1 | 0.7 % | 1 | 0.5 % | 1.35 | 0.083–21.771 | NS |
B27 | 12 | 8.5 % | 15 | 7.9 % | 1.09 | 0.491–2.397 | NS |
B35 | 10 | 7.1 % | 10 | 5.3 % | 1.37 | 0.556–3.397 | NS |
B37 | 2 | 1.4 % | 1 | 0.5 % | 2.72 | 0.244–30.292 | NS |
B38 | 11 | 7.8 % | 16 | 8.4 % | 0.92 | 0.413–2.049 | NS |
B39 | 10 | 7.1 % | 8 | 4.2 % | 1.74 | 0.667–4.520 | NS |
B44 | 1 | 0.7 % | 2 | 1.1 % | 0.67 | 0.060–7.479 | NS |
B46 | 28 | 19.9 % | 46 | 24.2 % | 0.78 | 0.456–1.318 | NS |
B48 | 7 | 5.0 % | 5 | 2.6 % | 1.93 | 0.601–6.221 | NS |
B51 | 10 | 7.1 % | 21 | 11.1 % | 0.61 | 0.278–1.349 | NS |
B52 | 2 | 1.4 % | 2 | 1.1 % | 1.35 | 0.188–9.720 | NS |
B54 | 10 | 7.1 % | 15 | 7.9 % | 0.89 | 0.388–2.046 | NS |
B55 | 8 | 5.7 % | 13 | 6.8 % | 0.82 | 0.330–2.033 | NS |
B56 | 5 | 3.5 % | 3 | 1.6 % | 2.29 | 0.539–9.753 | NS |
B58 | 34 | 24.1 % | 37 | 19.5 % | 1.31 | 0.776–2.226 | NS |
B60 | 46 | 32.6 % | 66 | 34.7 % | 0.91 | 0.573–1.444 | NS |
B61 | 16 | 11.3 % | 16 | 8.4 % | 1.39 | 0.671–2.889 | NS |
B62 | 13 | 9.2 % | 18 | 9.5 % | 0.97 | 0.459–2.053 | NS |
B67 | 1 | 0.5 % | 0.45 | 0.018–11.040 | NS | ||
B7 | 2 | 1.1 % | 0.27 | 0.013–5.593 | NS | ||
B71 | 2 | 1.1 % | 0.27 | 0.013–5.593 | NS | ||
B75 | 17 | 12.1 % | 21 | 11.1 % | 1.10 | 0.556–2.178 | NS |
B76 | 2 | 1.4 % | 1 | 0.5 % | 2.72 | 0.244–30.292 | NS |
B70 | 1 | 0.7 % | 0 | 4.07 | 0.165–100.598 | NS | |
B57 | 1 | 0.7 % | 0 | 4.07 | 0.165–100.598 | NS | |
B81 | 1 | 0.7 % | 0 | 4.07 | 0.165–100.598 | NS | |
B40 | 1 | 0.7 % | 0 | 4.07 | 0.165–100.598 | NS |
Association of HLA-DR antigens with ESRD
Patients N = 141 | Control N = 190 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antigens | Count | Antigen frequency | Count | Antigen frequency | Odds ratio | 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) | P value | Corrected P value |
DR1 | 3 | 1.6 % | 0.19 | 0.010–3.695 | NS | |||
DR3 | 35 | 24.8 % | 28 | 14.7 % | 1.91 | 1.098–3.324 | 0.024 | 0.312 |
DR4 | 48 | 34.0 % | 54 | 28.4 % | 1.30 | 0.813–2.079 | NS | |
DR7 | 9 | 6.4 % | 4 | 2.1 % | 3.17 | 0.956–10.513 | NS | |
DR8 | 13 | 9.2 % | 34 | 17.9 % | 0.47 | 0.236–0.920 | 0.027 | 0.351 |
DR9 | 44 | 31.2 % | 56 | 29.5 % | 1.09 | 0.676–1.743 | NS | |
DR10 | 6 | 4.3 % | 4 | 2.1 % | 2.07 | 0.572–7.466 | NS | |
DR11 | 30 | 21.3 % | 22 | 11.6 % | 2.06 | 1.133–3.761 | 0.021 | 0.273 |
DR12 | 29 | 20.6 % | 48 | 25.3 % | 0.77 | 0.454–1.292 | NS | |
DR13 | 6 | 4.3 % | 17 | 8.9 % | 0.45 | 0.174–1.178 | NS | |
DR14 | 14 | 9.9 % | 25 | 13.2 % | 0.73 | 0.364–1.456 | NS | |
DR15 | 24 | 17.0 % | 36 | 18.9 % | 0.88 | 0.496–1.551 | NS | |
DR16 | 10 | 7.1 % | 25 | 13.2 % | 0.50 | 0.23–1.086 | NS |
Patients (N = 111) | Control (N = 190) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antigens | Count | Antigen frequency | Count | Antigen frequency | Odd ratios | 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) | P value | Pc value |
DR1 | 3 | 1.60 % | 0.24 | 0.012–4.694 | NS | |||
DR3 | 28 | 25.20 % | 28 | 14.70 % | 1.95 | 1.085–3.510 | 0.031 | 0.403 |
DR4 | 36 | 32.40 % | 54 | 28.40 % | 1.21 | 0.728–2.008 | NS | |
DR7 | 8 | 7.20 % | 4 | 2.10 % | 3.61 | 1.062–12.284 | 0.036 | 0.468 |
DR8 | 9 | 8.10 % | 34 | 17.90 % | 0.4 | 0.186–0.880 | 0.026 | 0.338 |
DR9 | 35 | 31.50 % | 56 | 29.50 % | 1.1 | 0.663–1.831 | NS | |
DR10 | 5 | 4.50 % | 4 | 2.10 % | 2.19 | 0.577–8.346 | NS | |
DR11 | 24 | 21.60 % | 22 | 11.60 % | 2.11 | 1.118–3.970 | 0.03 | 0.39 |
DR12 | 26 | 23.40 % | 48 | 25.30 % | 0.9 | 0.523–1.565 | NS | |
DR13 | 5 | 4.50 % | 17 | 8.90 % | 0.48 | 0.172–1.340 | NS | |
DR14 | 11 | 9.90 % | 25 | 13.20 % | 0.73 | 0.3425–1.539 | NS | |
DR15 | 17 | 15.30 % | 36 | 18.90 % | 0.77 | 0.412–1.454 | NS | |
DR16 | 8 | 7.20 % | 25 | 13.20 % | 0.51 | 0.223–1.179 | NS |
Discussion
HLA-DR3
Population | Study End point | Susceptibility | Protection | Reference | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MHC class I | MHC class II | MHC class I | MHC class II | |||
Taiwan | ESRD | DR3,DR11 | DR8 | * | ||
Kuwaiti | ESRD | B8 | A28 | DR11 | [42] | |
Saudi | ESRD | DQB1*03(8) | Cw2 | [43] | ||
Glomerulonephritis | ||||||
China | Poor renal outcome of ANCA related vasculitis | DRB1*04:05, DPB1*0402 | [33] | |||
China | Cresentic GN in anti-GBM disease | DRB1*1501 DRB1*0404 | [32] | |||
Italy | Churg-Strauss syndrome with renal involvement | DRB*04 | [28] | |||
United States | Anti-GBM disease | DRB1*15 DRB1*04 | DRB1*07 | [23] | ||
Taiwan | Lupus nephritis | DRB1*1202 | [31] | |||
Italy | Lupus nephritis | DRB1*1501, DQA1*0101 | DQA1*0102 | [26] | ||
United States | IgA nephropathy | B27 | DR1 | DR2 | [44] | |
Japan | IgA nephropathy | DR4 | [14] | |||
France | IgA nephropathy | B35 | [45] | |||
Europe | IgA nephropathy | Bw35 | [46] | |||
Netherland | Idiopathic IgA nephropathy | B35 | DR5 | B7,B8 | DR2,DR3 | [36] |
China | IgA nephropathy | DR14, DR3 | DR7 | [47] | ||
Sweden | IgA nephropathy | DR4 | [16] | |||
France | IgA nephropathy | DQB1*0301 | [48] | |||
Japan | IgA nephropathy | Bw35 | DR4 | [41] | ||
Japan | IgA nephropathy | DQw4 | [49] | |||
France | Membranous GN | DR3 | [50] | |||
Taiwan | Membranous GN | DR3 | [51] | |||
UnitedStates | Membranous GN | DR3, DR5 | DR7 | [52] | ||
Netherland | Idiopathic MN | B8 | DR3 | [53] | ||
South Africa | HBV- associated membranous GN in children | DQB1*0603 | [54] | |||
Korea | HBV associated GN | DR2, DRB1*15:01, DRB1*15:02 | DRB1*1302, DQB1*0402, DQB1*0604 | [27] | ||
United States | Heroin- associated nephropathy | Bw53 | [55] | |||
United States | Hypertensive renal failure | B35 | DR3 | A1, B8 | [56] | |
Brazil | Idiopathic FSGS | DR4 | [25] | |||
Systemic diseases | ||||||
Mexico | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with ESRD | DRB1*1502 DQB1*0501 | DRB1*0407 | [34] | ||
London | Early diabetic nephropathy | A2 | [24] | |||
Turkey | Amyloidosis and diabetic nephropathy | B58 | DR*03 | [30] | ||
United States | Diabetic nephropathy | DRB1*04 | [29] | |||
Canada | Diabetes related ESRD in ≤ 50y | A2 | DR4, DR8 | [15] | ||
Egypt | Diabetic nephropathy | A2, B8 | DRB1*3, DRB1*11 | [35] |