Background
Methods
Search strategy
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Data extraction
Quality assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Literature search results and studies characteristics
Author | Year | Country | Ethics | Cancer | Disease confirmed | Resource | Case | Control | Genotyping | NOS score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
London | 1997 | America | mix Ethics | Lung cancer | NA | PB | 339 | 703 | RT-PCR | 7 |
Marchand | 2000 | America | mix Ethics | Lung cancer | Histological | PB | 323 | 437 | PCR-RFLP | 8 |
Misra | 2001 | Finland | Caucasian | Lung cancer | Histological | PB | 315 | 311 | PCR-RFLP | 8 |
Xu | 2002 | America | Caucasian | Lung cancer | Histological | HB | 989 | 1128 | PCR-RFLP | 7 |
Lv | 2002 | China | Asian | Lung cancer | Histological | PB | 314 | 320 | PCR | 8 |
Kantarct | 2002 | America | Caucasian | Lung cancer | NA | HB | 307 | 307 | NA | 5 |
Feyler | 2002 | France | Caucasian | Lung cancer | Histological | HB | 150 | 172 | capillary PCR | 7 |
Dally | 2002 | Germany | Caucasian | Lung cancer | NA | HB | 625 | 340 | PCR-RFLP. | 6 |
Chevriera | 2003 | France | Caucasian | Lung cancer | Histological | HB | 243 | 245 | PCR-RFLP | 7 |
Skuladottira | 2004 | Denmark | Caucasian | Lung cancer | NA | PB | 122 | 396 | NA | 6 |
Chana | 2004 | China | Asian | Lung cancer | NA | HB | 75 | 162 | PCR-RFLP | 6 |
Harms | 2004 | America | Caucasian | Lung cancer | Pathological | PB | 110 | 119 | MALDI-TOF | 8 |
Wu | 2004 | China | Asian | Lung cancer | Histological | PB | 98 | 112 | PCR | 8 |
Schabath | 2005 | America | Caucasian | Lung cancer | Histological | HB | 837 | 618 | PCR-RFLP | 7 |
Park | 2006 | Korea | Asian | Lung cancer | Histological | HB | 432 | 432 | PCR-RFLP | 7 |
Larsen | 2006 | Australia | Caucasian | Lung cancer | Cytological or histological | HB | 627 | 624 | PCR | 7 |
Yanga | 2007 | Korean | Asian | Lung cancer | Histological | HB | 318 | 353 | PCR-RFLP | 7 |
Zienolddiny | 2008 | Norway | Caucasian | Lung cancer | Pathologists | PB | 258 | 297 | NA | 7 |
Yoon | 2008 | Korea | Asian | Lung cancer | Histological | HB | 213 | 213 | Taqman probe | 7 |
Rotunno | 2009 | America | Caucasian | Lung cancer | Histology | PB | 185 | 2011 | NA | 7 |
Klinchid | 2009 | Thailand | Asian | Lung cancer | Histological | HB | 88 | 81 | PCR-RFLP | 7 |
Kiyohara | 2014 | Japan | Asian | Lung cancer | Histological | HB | 462 | 379 | TaqMan | 7 |
Bag | 2014 | India | Asian | Lung cancer | Tissue diagnosis | HB | 26 | 37 | PCR-RFLP | 7 |
Cascorbi | 2000 | Germany | Caucasian | Mix | NA | PB | 696 | 270 | PCR-RFLP | 7 |
Arslan | 2011 | Turkey | Caucasian | Mix | Histological | HB | 220 | 418 | PCR-RFLP | 7 |
Lin | 2004 | Taiwan | Asian | Breast cancer | Medical charts and pathology | PB | 99 | 366 | PCR-RFLP | 8 |
Ahn | 2004 | Canada | Caucasian | Breast cancer | NA | PB | 1011 | 1067 | PCR-RFLP. | 7 |
Yang | 2007 | America | Caucasian | Breast cancer | NA | PB | 406 | 392 | PCR-RFLP | 7 |
Li | 2009 | America | Caucasian | Breast cancer | NA | NA | 477 | 462 | PCR-RFLP. | 5 |
Tsai | 2012 | Taiwan | Asian | Breast cancer | NA | NA | 260 | 224 | PCR-RFLP | 5 |
Zhang | 2007 | China | Asian | Acute leukemia | French-American-British criteria | HB | 135 | 187 | Taqman | 7 |
Krajinovic | 2002 | Canada | Caucasian | ALL | Hematology-oncology | HB | 169 | 337 | PCR-RFLP | 7 |
Silveira | 2010 | Brazil | mix Ethics | ALL | Immunophenotyping | NA | 124 | 300 | PCR-RFLP | 6 |
Matsuo | 2001 | Japan | Asian | Lymphoma | Histological | HB | 372 | 241 | PCR-RFLP | 7 |
Saygilii | 2009 | Turkey | Caucasian | Mix | NA | HB | 62 | 40 | TaqMan | 6 |
Wang | 2006 | America | Caucasian | NHL | Histopathology | PB | 1082 | 905 | NA | 7 |
Farawela | 2012 | Egypt | Asian | NHL | Biopsy | HB | 100 | 100 | RT-PCR | 7 |
Funke | 2009 | Germany | Caucasian | Colorectal cancer | NA | PB | 627 | 603 | PCR | 7 |
Li | 2011 | China | Asian | Colorectal cancer | Histological | HB | 325 | 345 | PCR-RFLP | 7 |
Matsuo | 2001 | Japan | Asian | Esophageal cancer | NA | HB | 91 | 241 | PCR-RFLP | 6 |
Li | 2008 | China | Asian | Esophageal cancer | Pathologists | PB | 126 | 169 | PCR-RFLP | 8 |
Li | 2011 | China | Asian | Esophageal cancer | Histopathologic | HB | 94 | 280 | NA | 6 |
Zhu | 2006 | China | Asian | Gastric cancer | Biopsy or surgical specimens | NA | 127 | 139 | PCR-RFLP | 6 |
Wang | 2011 | China | Asian | Gastric cancer | Pathological | HB | 62 | 61 | ASP-PCR | 7 |
Jang | 2012 | China | Asian | Gastric cancer | Pathological | HB | 117 | 105 | PCR-RFLP | 7 |
Pakakasama | 2003 | America | Caucasian | Hepatoblastoma | PCR-SSCP | PB | 48 | 180 | Pyrosequencing | 7 |
Nahon | 2011 | France | Caucasian | Hepatocellular cancer | Barcelona criteria | HB | 84 | 121 | NA | 6 |
Carmo | 2012 | Brazil | Caucasian | Hepatocellular cancer | AASLD guidelines | HB | 32 | 252 | PCR-amplified | 7 |
Mustea | 2007 | Germany | Caucasian | Cervical cancer | Histological | HB | 149 | 126 | PCR-RFLP | 7 |
Olson | 2004 | America | Caucasian | Ovarian cancer | NA | PB | 122 | 179 | TaqMan | 7 |
CastilloTong | 2014 | Austria | Caucasian | Ovarian cancer | Histopathological | NA | 305 | 299 | TaqMan probes | 6 |
Hung | 2004 | Italy | Caucasian | Bladder cancer | Histological | HB | 201 | 214 | PCR-RFLP | 7 |
Hsieh | 2010 | Taiwan | Asian | Leiomyoma | Pathological | HB | 158 | 156 | PCR-RFLP | 7 |
Guo | 2010 | China | Asian | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | Biopsy | HB | 358 | 629 | PCR-RFLP | 7 |
Wu | 2010 | Taiwan | Asian | Oral cavity | Pathological | HB | 122 | 122 | PCR | 7 |
Oliveira | 2007 | Brazil | mix Ethics | Osteosarcoma | NA | HB | 78 | 157 | PCR-RFLP | 6 |
Price | 2008 | Canada | Caucasian | Pancreatic cancer | Histological | HB | 122 | 331 | PCR | 7 |
Buch | 2008 | America | Caucasian | Squamous cell carcinoma | Biopsy-verified | PB | 193 | 414 | PCR-RFLP | 8 |
Choi | 2008 | America | Caucasian | Prostate cancer | Pathology | HB | 493 | 1332 | NA | 6 |
Tefik | 2013 | Turkey | Caucasian | Prostate cancer | Histological | HB | 155 | 195 | PCR | 7 |
Quantitative synthesis
Study groups | A vs. G | AA vs. GG | AA vs. AG + GG | AA + AG vs. GG | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) |
I
2
| OR (95%CI) |
I
2
| OR (95%CI) |
I
2
| OR (95%CI) |
I
2
| |
Total | 0.90(0.84–0.95) | 0.571 | 0.84(0.76–0.94) | 0.417 | 0.87(0.78–0.97) | 0.366 | 0.89(0.83–0.95) | 0.520 |
Lung | 0.92(0.83–1.01) | 0.525 | 0.93(0.78–1.10) | 0.481 | 0.95(0.80–1.12) | 0.488 | 0.93(0.87–0.99) | 0.420 |
Breast | 0.98(0.83–1.16) | 0.545 | 0.99(0.75–1.30) | 0.441 | 1.00(0.76–1.32) | 0.342 | 0.96(0.85–1.08) | 0.418 |
Digestive | 0.71(0.57–0.87) | 0.694 | 0.63(0.37–1.05) | 0.529 | 0.77(0.57–1.02) | 0.415 | 0.67(0.53–0.84) | 0.619 |
Dig tract | 0.75(0.59–0.95) | 0.668 | 0.74(0.39–1.43) | 0.523 | 0.92(0.65–1.29) | 0.449 | 0.72(0.56–0.92) | 0.577 |
Dig gland | 0.63(0.40–0.98) | 0.700 | 0.41(0.23–0.72) | 0.355 | 0.51(0.29–0.89) | 0.000 | 0.58(0.35–0.96) | 0.649 |
Blood | 1.12(0.96–1.25) | 0.431 | 0.96(0.63–1.58) | 0.501 | 1.03(0.85–1.40) | 0.623 | 1.03(0.85–1.40) | 0.623 |
Stratified by cancer type
Stratified by ethnicity
Variables | A vs. G | AA vs. GG | AA vs. AG + GG | AA + AG vs. GG | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) |
I
2
| OR (95%CI) |
I
2
| OR (95%CI) |
I
2
| OR (95%CI) |
I
2
| |
Total | 0.90(0.854-1.069) | 0.571 | 0.84(0.76-0.94) | 0.417 | 0.89(0.83-0.95) | 0.520 | 0.87(0.78-0.97) | 0.366 |
Ethnicity | ||||||||
Caucasian | 0.90(0.84–0.97) | 0.576 | 0.85(0.76–0.96) | 0.506 | 0.91(0.84–0.98) | 0.533 | 0.87(0.78–0.98) | 0.484 |
Asian | 0.86(0.75–0.98) | 0.597 | 0.75(0.57–0.98) | 0.353 | 0.84(0.73–0.96) | 0.516 | 0.80(0.61–1.05) | 0.242 |
Other | 1.05(0.86–1.27) | 0.000 | 1.03(0.64–1.67) | 0.000 | 1.08(0.85–1.37) | 0.000 | 0.98(0.61–1.57) | 0.000 |
Lung cancer | ||||||||
Caucasian | 0.956(0.84–0.97) | 0.524 | 1.082(0.888–1.319) | 0.573 | 1.050(0.749–1.472) | 0.593 | 0.950(0.878–1.029) | 0.420 |
Asian | 0.863(0.691–1.078) | 0.551 | 0.641(0.370–1.110) | 0.013 | 0.709(0.400–1.256) | 0.000 | 0.861(0.740–1.002) | 0.495 |
Other | 0.861(0.715–1.037) | 0.176 | 0.567(0.363–0.886) | 0.000 | 0.558(0.360–0.867) | 0.000 | 0.926(0.758–1.132) | 0.467 |
Digestive Cancer | ||||||||
Caucasian | 0.704(0.474–1.045) | 0.796 | 0.609(0.291–1.274) | 0.620 | 0.751(0.514–1.100) | 0.428 | 0.658(0.423–1.024) | 0.756 |
Asian | 0.706(0.537–0.928) | 0.613 | 0.640(0.271–1.512) | 0.533 | 0.785(0.507–1.215) | 0.491 | 0.669(0.512–0.875) | 0.474 |
Resource | ||||||||
Population | 0.91(0.83–0.99) | 0.541 | 0.90(0.77–1.05) | 0.453 | 0.91(0.81–1.01) | 0.518 | 0.91(0.78–1.06) | 0.461 |
Hospital | 0.89(0.81–0.98) | 0.603 | 0.79(0.68–0.93) | 0.400 | 0.88(0.80–0.98) | 0.543 | 0.83(0.71–0.96) | 0.301 |
Others | 0.86(0.69–1.08) | 0.625 | 0.87(0.57–1.33) | 0.525 | 0.86(0.68–1.08) | 0.503 | 0.90(0.59–1.36) | 0.111 |
HWE | ||||||||
Yes | 0.89(0.83–0.96) | 0.598 | 0.88(0.77–0.96) | 0.454 | 0.88(0.81–0.95) | 0.507 | 0.92(0.81–1.04) | 0.373 |
No | 0.91(0.81–1.02) | 0.434 | 0.75(0.61–0.93) | 0.167 | 0.93(0.79–1.10) | 0.607 | 0.74(0.60–0.91) | 0.297 |
Stratified by HWE
Stratified by source of control group
Author | Year | details |
---|---|---|
Matsuo | 2001 | Outpatients without any history of cancer |
Matsuo | 2001 | Non-cancer controls |
Xu | 2002 | Friends or spouses of patients (with either lung cancer or other cardiothoracic problems), with no matching characteristics |
Krajinovic | 2002 | Selected from a large institutional DNA bank. Care was taken to match the patient population by selecting controls of French-Canadian origin served by Sainte-Justine Hospital |
Kantarct | 2002 | Without diagnosis of lung cancer |
Feyler | 2002 | Frequency matched on age, sex, and hospital, consisted of all consecutive Caucasian patients without previous or current malignant diseases |
Dally | 2002 | Had no previous or present history of malignant diseases: the main diagnoses included alveolitis, bronchitis,pneumonia, fibrosis,sarcoidosis, COPD and emphysema |
Chevriera | 2001 | All subjects hospitalized for different disorders except cancer |
Chana | 2004 | Had no history of pulmonary diseases, and were receiving health evaluation for other reasons and matched for sex and age with the lung cancer patients |
Hung | 2004 | Patients admitted to the same hospitals during the same period of time, with urological non-neoplastic diseases, including hydronephrosis, urolithiasis, malformative urological diseases, prostatic adenoma, and hypertrophia, urological traumas, orchiepididymitis, hydrocele and unspecified urinary symptoms |
Schabath | 2005 | Healthy controls frequency matched to the cases on age (±5 years), gender,ethnicity, and smoking status (current, former, and never) |
Park | 2006 | Healthy volunteers |
Larsen | 2006 | Controls consisted of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but without lung cancer (n ¼ 380), treated at the same hospital from 1998 to 2003, or healthy smokers attending a smoking cessation clinic held at the hospital from 2000 to 2003 |
Zhang | 2007 | No known malignant diseases |
Yanga | 2007 | Healty individuals without lung cancer or any other cancer |
Oliveira | 2007 | Individuals admitted in the Pediatric department of the Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil without osteosarcoma |
Mustea | 2007 | The control group consisted of similarly aged women with no history of cancer and all of them were treated for benign gynecological diseases. None of them had previously undergone a hysterectomy |
Yoon | 2008 | Healthy control |
Price | 2008 | Healthy controls were frequency matched for age and sex. The controls were healthy nonblood-related family members (usually spouses) and friends of other cancer/surgical patients and were used as a shared set of controls for aerodigestive cancers |
Choi | 2008 | Free of both prostate cancer and lung cancer |
Saygilii | 2009 | Healthy volunteers and No one in the control group had a smoking history or chronic use of any drugs |
Klinchid | 2009 | Healthy volunteers and diabetic patients |
Wu | 2010 | With the same habits and without a present or previous history of any cancer |
Hsieh | 2010 | Non-leiomyoma |
Guo | 2010 | Spouse or geographically matched residents who were EBV/IgA/VCA positive (IgA+) or EBV/IgA/ VCA negative (IgA-) and NPC free at the time of study enrollment |
Nahon | 2011 | HCV-induced cirrhosis |
Wang | 2011 | Non-cancer controls |
Li | 2011 | Healthy had no current or previous diagnosis of cancer and genetic disease |
Li | 2011 | Diagnosed as normal by histopathology of ophageal squamous epithelial cells |
Arslan | 2011 | Healthy individuals without any history of cancer |
Jang | 2012 | Individuals without gastic cancer |
Carmo | 2012 | They had persistent anti-HCV antibodies and were HCVRNA positive. Presence of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies were considered as exclusion criteria |
Tefik | 2013 | Normal DRE and serum PSA levels of <4 ng/mL |
Bag | 2014 | Normal healthy individuals with no history of cancer |
Kiyohara | 2014 | Without a clinical history of any type of cancer past or present, ischemic heart disease or chronic respiratory diseases |