Background
Methods
Patients
Data collection and definition
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
Serum levels of interleukin-6 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Middle | High | P value | |
(n = 215) | (n = 216) | (n = 215) | ||
Characteristic | ||||
Interleukin-6 (range in pg/mL) | 1.5–150.2 | 152.0–1168 | 1189–2,346,310 | |
Age, years | 65 (52–73) | 66 (51–75) | 69 (59–76) | 0.048 |
Male sex, n (%) | 135 (62.8) | 153 (70.8) | 137 (63.7) | 0.16 |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 43 (20.0) | 39 (18.1) | 35 (16.3) | 0.61 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 92 (42.8) | 90 (41.7) | 86 (40.0) | 0.84 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 45 (20.9) | 48 (22.2) | 50 (23.3) | 0.84 |
APACHE II score | 26 (20–33) | 28 (22–37) | 31 (26–39) | < 0.0001 |
SOFA score | 7 (5–10) | 9 (6–12) | 11 (9–14) | < 0.0001 |
AKI stage | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (3–3) | < 0.0001 |
RRT within 24 h, n (%) | 70 (32.6) | 84 (38.9) | 159 (74.0) | < 0.0001 |
Etiology of AKI | ||||
Sepsis | 55 (25.6) | 89 (41.2) | 150 (69.8) | < 0.0001 |
Cardiovascular disease | 56 (26.0) | 51 (23.6) | 20 (9.3) | < 0.0001 |
Hypovolemia | 17 (7.9) | 17 (7.9) | 13 (6.0) | 0.70 |
Severe acute pancreatitis | 5 (2.3) | 21 (9.7) | 11 (5.1) | 0.0038 |
Major surgery | 10 (4.7) | 10 (4.6) | 6 (2.8) | 0.53 |
Hepatic failure | 13 (6.0) | 7 (3.2) | 5 (2.3) | 0.11 |
Urinary tract obstruction | 5 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | 0.029 |
Drug induced | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.13 |
Other | 52 (24.2) | 21 (9.7) | 9 (4.2) | < 0.0001 |
Outcome | ||||
Anuria within 72 h, n (%)α | 30 (16.8) | 30 (15.4) | 74 (37.6) | < 0.0001 |
Persistent AKI, n (%)β | 63 (36.2) | 39 (23.8) | 34 (23.4) | 0.013 |
In-hospital 90-day mortality, n (%) | 41 (19.1) | 52 (24.1) | 70 (32.6) | 0.0050 |
Outcome
Variable | Adjusted risk ratio | 95% confidence interval | P value |
---|---|---|---|
A. Analysis adjusted with APACHE II score | |||
Age | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.96 |
Male sex | 1.43 | 1.01–2.05 | 0.042 |
Interleukin-6 level (per tertile) | 1.09 | 0.88–1.35 | 0.42 |
Chronic kidney disease | 0.77 | 0.51–1.12 | 0.17 |
APACHE II score | 1.06 | 1.04–1.08 | < 0.0001 |
Etiology | |||
Cardiovascular disease | reference | – | – |
Sepsis | 1.16 | 0.75–1.84 | 0.51 |
All other etiologies | 1.40 | 0.89–2.22 | 0.14 |
B. Analysis adjusted without APACHE II score | |||
Age | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.62 |
Male sex | 1.41 | 1.00–2.02 | 0.051 |
Interleukin-6 level (per tertile) | 1.28 | 1.04–1.58 | 0.018 |
Chronic kidney disease | 0.86 | 0.57–1.26 | 0.44 |
Etiology | |||
Cardiovascular disease | reference | – | – |
Sepsis | 0.87 | 0.57–1.36 | 0.53 |
All other etiologies | 1.05 | 0.68–1.66 | 0.83 |
Variable | Adjusted odds ratio | 95% confidence interval | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 1.00 | 0.98–1.01 | 0.76 |
A. Analysis adjusted with APACHE II score | |||
Male sex | 0.93 | 0.59–1.48 | 0.77 |
Interleukin-6 level (per tertile) | 1.58 | 1.17–2.13 | 0.0027 |
Chronic kidney disease | 2.19 | 1.30–3.68 | 0.0033 |
APACHE II score | 1.11 | 1.09–1.14 | < 0.0001 |
Etiology | |||
Cardiovascular disease | reference | – | – |
Sepsis | 1.57 | 0.84–2.94 | 0.16 |
All other etiologies | 2.06 | 1.08–3.91 | 0.028 |
B. Analysis adjusted without APACHE II score | |||
Age | 1.00 | 0.99–1.02 | 0.68 |
Male sex | 0.99 | 0.64–1.51 | 0.95 |
Interleukin-6 level (per tertile) | 1.97 | 1.49–2.62 | < 0.0001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 2.31 | 1.43–3.74 | 0.0006 |
Etiology | |||
Cardiovascular disease | reference | – | – |
Sepsis | 0.92 | 0.52–1.64 | 0.78 |
All other etiologies | 1.16 | 0.64–2.10 | 0.62 |
Variable | Adjusted odds ratio | 95% confidence interval | P value |
---|---|---|---|
A. Analysis adjusted with APACHE II score | |||
Age | 1.02 | 1.00–1.03 | 0.010 |
Male sex | 1.01 | 0.64–1.58 | 0.98 |
Interleukin-6 level (per tertile) | 0.67 | 0.49–0.91 | 0.0097 |
Chronic kidney disease | 6.40 | 3.78–10.85 | < 0.0001 |
APACHE II score | 1.02 | 1.00–1.05 | 0.10 |
Etiology | |||
Cardiovascular disease | reference | – | – |
Sepsis | 1.11 | 0.59–2.10 | 0.75 |
All other etiologies | 1.22 | 0.65–2.27 | 0.53 |
B. Analysis adjusted without APACHE II score | |||
Age | 1.02 | 1.01–1.04 | 0.0058 |
Male sex | 1.00 | 0.64–1.57 | 0.99 |
Interleukin-6 level (per tertile) | 0.71 | 0.53–0.95 | 0.023 |
Chronic kidney disease | 6.66 | 3.94–11.26 | < 0.0001 |
Etiology | |||
Cardiovascular disease | reference | – | – |
Sepsis | 0.95 | 0.52–1.76 | 0.88 |
All other etiologies | 1.06 | 0.58–1.93 | 0.84 |