Background
Methods
Data sources
Cohort
Outcomes
Transitional care factors
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
Characteristic | Readmitted | Not Readmitted | Overall | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
N = 462 | N = 475 | N = 937 | ||
Demographics | ||||
Age, median (IQR) | 84 (79–87) | 83 (78–87) | 83 (78–87) | 0.14 |
Female | 204 (44.2%) | 211 (44.4%) | 415 (44.3%) | 0.94 |
Baseline living status | ||||
Independent | 366 (79.2%) | 400 (84.2%) | 766 (81.8%) | 0.10 |
Dependent | 87 (18.8%) | 65 (13.7%) | 152 (16.2%) | |
Cardiac Risk Factors | ||||
Diabetes | 230 (49.8%) | 224 (47.2%) | 454 (48.5%) | 0.42 |
Dyslipidemia | 330 (71.4%) | 326 (68.6%) | 656 (70.0%) | 0.35 |
Hypertension | 448 (97.0%) | 448 (94.3%) | 896 (95.6%) | 0.05 |
Clinical Characteristics | ||||
NYHA Class | ||||
I or II | 64 (13.9%) | 82 (17.3%) | 146 (15.6%) | 0.01 |
III | 290 (62.8%) | 308 (64.8%) | 598 (63.8%) | |
IV | 83 (18.0%) | 52 (10.9%) | 135 (14.4%) | |
Frailty | 70 (15.2%) | 54 (11.4%) | 124 (13.2%) | 0.09 |
Weight (kg), median (IQR) | 72 (62–82) | 73 (62–84) | 72 (62–83) | 0.30 |
Cardiac comorbidities and interventions | ||||
Atrial fibrillation | 175 (37.9%) | 124 (26.1%) | 299 (31.9%) | < 0.001 |
Prior heart failure | 232 (50.2%) | 179 (37.7%) | 411 (43.9%) | < 0.001 |
Prior myocardial infarction | 115 (24.9%) | 94 (19.8%) | 209 (22.3%) | 0.06 |
Prior PCI | 166 (35.9%) | 135 (28.4%) | 301 (32.1%) | 0.01 |
Prior CABG | 133 (28.8%) | 172 (36.2%) | 305 (32.6%) | 0.02 |
Prior AVR | 35 (7.6%) | 40 (8.4%) | 75 (8.0%) | 0.63 |
Medical comorbidities | ||||
Cerebrovascular disease | 38 (8.2%) | 38 (8.0%) | 76 (8.1%) | 0.90 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 92 (19.9%) | 74 (15.6%) | 166 (17.7%) | 0.08 |
Dementia | 12 (2.6%) | 8 (1.7%) | 20 (2.1%) | 0.33 |
Dialysis | 26 (5.6%) | 6 (1.3%) | 32 (3.4%) | < 0.001 |
Lung disease | 105 (22.7%) | 60 (12.6%) | 165 (17.6%) | < 0.001 |
Cancer | 67 (14.5%) | 50 (10.5%) | 117 (12.5%) | 0.07 |
Liver disease | 10 (2.2%) | 6 (1.3%) | 16 (1.7%) | 0.29 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 34 (7.4%) | 12 (2.5%) | 46 (4.9%) | < 0.001 |
Prior bleeding history | 138 (29.9%) | 90 (18.9%) | 228 (24.3%) | < 0.001 |
Laboratory markers | ||||
eGFR, median (IQR) | 54 (39–70) | 62 (46–78) | 58 (42–74) | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin (g/L), median (IQR) | 117 (105–129) | 124 (113–134) | 120 (109–132) | < 0.001 |
Echocardiographic findings | ||||
Aortic valve area (cm2), mean ± SD | 0.68 ± 0.22 | 0.70 ± 0.24 | 0.69 ± 0.23 | 0.16 |
Mean AoV (mmHg), mean ± SD | 46 ± 15 | 46 ± 16 | 46 ± 16 | 0.80 |
Left ventricular dysfunction | 120 (26.0%) | 135 (28.4%) | 255 (27.2%) | 0.42 |
Composite measures | ||||
EuroScore II (%), mean ± SD | 0.07 ± 0.07 | 0.07 ± 0.05 | 0.07 ± 0.06 | 0.06 |
Charlson Score, mean ± SD | 2.72 ± 2.19 | 1.97 ± 1.91 | 2.34 ± 2.09 | < 0.001 |
Hospitalization 30 days before TAVR | 147 (31.8%) | 116 (24.4%) | 263 (28.1%) | 0.01 |
Transitional care factors (≤30 days) | ||||
In-patient rehabilitation | 79 (17.1%) | 41 (8.6%) | 120 (12.8%) | < 0.001 |
Home care utilization | 204 (44.2%) | 167 (35.2%) | 371 (39.6%) | 0.005 |
Family physician follow-up | 382 (82.7%) | 405 (85.3%) | 787 (84.0%) | 0.28 |
Cardiologist follow-up | 303 (65.6%) | 258 (54.3%) | 561 (59.9%) | < 0.001 |
Procedural characteristics, complications and outcomes
Characteristic | Readmitted | Not Readmitted | Overall | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
N = 462 | N = 475 | N = 937 | ||
Procedural characteristics | ||||
Procedure status | ||||
Elective | 412 (89.2%) | 438 (92.2%) | 850 (90.7%) | 0.11 |
Urgent | 50 (10.8%) | 37 (7.8%) | 87 (9.3%) | |
Type of valve | ||||
Balloon-expandable | 253 (54.8%) | 249 (52.4%) | 502 (53.6%) | 0.02 |
Self-expandable | 193 (41.8%) | 221 (46.5%) | 414 (44.2%) | |
Valve-in-valve | 13 (2.8%) | 30 (6.4%) | 43 (4.62%) | 0.01 |
Vascular access site | ||||
Femoral artery | 325 (70.3%) | 363 (76.4%) | 688 (73.4%) | 0.05 |
Other | 129 (27.9%) | 109 (22.9%) | 238 (25.4%) | |
Procedural complications | ||||
Delirium | 54 (11.7%) | 26 (5.5%) | 80 (8.5%) | < 0.001 |
Permanent pacemaker | 70 (15.2%) | 56 (11.8%) | 126 (13.4%) | 0.13 |
Stroke | 10 (2.2%) | 7 (1.5%) | 17 (1.8%) | 0.43 |
Bleeding/vascular complication/transfusion | 176 (38.1%) | 122 (25.7%) | 298 (31.8%) | < 0.001 |
Echocardiographic findings post-TAVR | ||||
Mitral regurgitation | ||||
Nil/trace | 133 (28.8%) | 178 (37.5%) | 311 (33.2%) | 0.04 |
Mild | 207 (44.8%) | 195 (41.1%) | 402 (42.9%) | |
Moderate/Severe | 104 (22.5%) | 87 (18.3%) | 191 (20.4%) | |
Aortic regurgitation | ||||
Nil/trace | 230 (49.8%) | 277 (58.3%) | 507 (54.1%) | 0.06 |
Mild | 164 (35.5%) | 139 (29.3%) | 303 (32.3%) | |
Moderate/Severe | 53 (11.5%) | 49 (10.3%) | 102 (10.9%) |
Mortality and causes of readmission
Transitional care factors
Predictors of readmission
HR | 95% CI | p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
Age | 1.01 | (1.0–1.02) | 0.20 |
Female sex | 0.72 | (0.53–0.98) | 0.03 |
Dependent living | 1.03 | (0.85–1.24) | 0.77 |
Clinical Characteristics | |||
NYHA class | |||
I/II | reference | ||
III | 1.00 | (0.82–1.21) | 0.96 |
IV | 1.43 | (1.07–1.91) | 0.02 |
Frailty | 1.07 | (0.76–1.50) | 0.69 |
Cardiac comorbidities and interventions | |||
Atrial fibrillation | 1.34 | (1.08–1.66) | 0.01 |
Prior heart failure | 1.08 | (0.81–1.43) | 0.60 |
Prior myocardial infarction | 0.98 | (0.78–1.22) | 0.84 |
PCI | 1.18 | (0.92–1.52) | 0.20 |
CABG | 0.90 | (0.70–1.15) | 0.41 |
Medical comorbidities | |||
Diabetes | 1.05 | (0.86–1.29) | 0.65 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 0.82 | (0.56–1.18) | 0.28 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 1.18 | (1.02–1.37) | 0.02 |
Dementia | 1.22 | (0.69–2.15) | 0.50 |
Dialysis | 1.67 | (1.06–2.65) | 0.03 |
Lung disease | 1.23 | (0.91–1.66) | 0.18 |
Liver disease | 2.00 | (0.63–6.37) | 0.24 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 1.52 | (1.09–2.12) | 0.01 |
History of bleeding | 1.10 | (0.81–1.51) | 0.54 |
Laboratory markers | |||
eGFR | 1.00 | (0.99–1.0) | 0.36 |
Hemoglobin | 0.99 | (0.99–1.0) | < 0.001 |
Echocardiographic findings | |||
Left ventricular dysfunction | 0.73 | (0.54–0.98) | 0.04 |
Procedural characteristics | |||
Urgent procedure | 0.98 | (0.58–1.65) | 0.94 |
Valve in valve | 0.65 | (0.48–0.87) | 0.004 |
Self-expandable prosthesis | 0.98 | (0.84–1.14) | 0.76 |
Non-femoral vascular access site | 1.40 | (1.08–1.81) | 0.01 |
TAVR year | 0.97 | (0.92–1.03) | 0.31 |
Procedural complications | |||
Stroke | 1.09 | (0.82–1.45) | 0.56 |
Permanent pacemaker | 1.21 | (0.83–1.77) | 0.31 |
Delirium | 1.24 | (0.83–1.85) | 0.29 |
Bleeding, vascular complication or transfusion | 1.33 | (1.18–1.50) | < 0.001 |
Echocardiographic findings post-TAVR | |||
Mitral regurgitation | |||
Nil/trace | reference | ||
Mild | 1.23 | (1.10–1.38) | < 0.001 |
Moderate/Severe | 1.26 | (1.03–1.54) | 0.03 |
Aortic regurgitation | |||
Nil/trace | reference | ||
Mild | 1.21 | (0.97–1.52) | 0.10 |
Moderate/Severe | 1.13 | (0.75–1.70) | 0.57 |
Previous health resource utilization | |||
Hospitalization 30 days before TAVR | 1.05 | (0.92–1.20) | 0.48 |
Transitional care factors | |||
Rehabilitation | 1.34 | (1.11–1.62) | 0.002 |
Home care | 1.18 | (0.96–1.44) | 0.12 |
Family physician follow-up | 1.04 | (0.85–1.28) | 0.71 |
Cardiologist follow-up | 1.41 | (1.14–1.75) | 0.002 |