Introduction
Material and methods
Medical students (N = 209) | Health sciences students (BSc) (N = 106) | Trainee nurses (N = 67) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (mean ± SD) | 24.5 ± 4.4 years Missing N = 2 | 30.3 ± 4.4 years Missing N = 2 | 22.2 ± 3.9 years Missing N = 1 |
Gender | Female 74.6% | Female 82.1% | Female 85.1% |
Male 25.4% | Male 16.0% | Male 14.9% | |
Other 1.9% | |||
Nationality | German 89.5% | German 97.2% | German 89.6% |
Other 10.5% | Other 2.8% | Other 10.4% | |
Marital status | Married 9.6% | Married 12.3% | Married 4.5% |
In a partnership 38.8% | In a partnership 63.2% | In a partnership 38.8% | |
Single 51.7% | Single 24.5% | Single 56.7% | |
Religion | Roman Catholic 16.9% | Roman Catholic 15.1% | Roman Catholic 10.4% |
Protestant 30.0% | Protestant 19.8% | Protestant 22.4% | |
Sunni 1.0% | None 60.4% | None 64.2% | |
None 51.2% | Other 4.7% | Other 3.0% | |
Other 1.0% | |||
Missing N = 2 | |||
School leaving qualification | MSA/Realschulabschlussa 0.5% | MSA/Realschulabschlussa 1.9% | Hauptschulabschlussa 1.5% |
Abitura 94.7% | Fachabitura 3.8% | MSA/Realschulabschlussa 35.8% | |
Other 4.8% | Abitura 92.4% | Fachabitura 7.5% | |
Missing N = 1 | Other 1.9% | Abitura 55.2% | |
Missing N = 1 | |||
Training year/semester | Start of course 1st semester 1.9% 2nd semester 27.8% 3rd semester 17.2% | 1st semester 0.9% | 1st year 20.9% |
2nd semester 28.3% | 2nd year 58.2% | ||
3rd semester 3.8% | 3rd year 20.9% | ||
4th semester 17.0% | |||
End of course 9th semester 6.2% 10th semester 19.6% Practical year 27.3% | 5th semester 1.9% | ||
6th semester 48.1% |
Comparison of degree and training programs | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Attitudes | Recorded in writing | Electronic health card | Subjective knowledge | Eurotransplant | DSO | Knowledge of regulation | Preferred regulation | ||
Training/degree | Correlation coefficient | 0.037 | 0.220** | 0.163** | 0.067 | 0.245** | 0.190* | 0.273** | 0.142* |
– | N | 355 | 351 | 345 | 344 | 329 | 334 | 336 | 335 |
– | – | Trust in healthcare system | Trust in organ donation system | Trust regarding brain death | Attitude after transplantation scandals | Education about organ donation | Knowledge of organ donation process | Knowledge of organ donation law | Brain-death score |
Training/degree | Correlation coefficient | −0.002 | 0.016 | −0.016 | 0.164** | −0.112* | −0.011 | −0.034 | 0.242** |
– | N | 339 | 329 | 337 | 345 | 330 | 325 | 326 | 332 |
Brain death score | Health sciences degree | ||||||||
– | – | Reaction | Coma | Persistent vegetative state | – | – | Subjective knowledge | Knowledge of organ donation process | Knowledge of organ donation law |
Training/degree | Correlation coefficient | 0.193** | 0.118 | 0.138* | Start and end of studies | Correlation coefficient | 0.217* | 0.285** | 0.210* |
– | N | 335 | 335 | 333 | – | N | 102 | 99 | 100 |
Medical degree | Nursing training | ||||||||
– | – | Attitudes | Subjective knowledge | Knowledge of organ donation process | Knowledge of the concept of brain death | Knowledge of organ donation law | – | – | Education about organ donation |
Start and end of studies | Correlation coefficient | 0.185* | 0.438** | 0.435** | 0.570** | 0.320** | Training year | Correlation coefficient | −0.349* |
– | N | 192 | 185 | 176 | 176 | 176 | – | N | 52 |
No. | Questions | Possible answers |
---|---|---|
18 | What is your view of post-mortem organ donation? Wie stehen Sie grundsätzlich zur postmortalen Organspende? | 5‑point Likert scale from negative to positive and don’t know |
23 | I would agree to post-mortem organ donation on behalf of my relatives. Ich würde einer postmortalen Organspende bei meinen Angehörigen zustimmen | 5‑point Likert scale from disagree to agree and don’t know |
24 | Would you donate your organs after your death? Würden Sie selbst nach Ihrem Tod Organe spenden? | Yes, no and don’t know |
27 | Have you recorded your attitude towards post-mortem organ donation in writing? Haben Sie Ihre Haltung zur Organspende schriftlich festgehalten? | Yes and no |
32 | Would you record your attitude on your electronic health card? Würden Sie ihre Haltung zur Organspende auf der Krankenversicherungskarte festhalten wollen? | Yes, no, don’t know and “I don’t own an electronic health card” |
33 | How would you rate your knowledge about post-mortem organ donation? Wie schätzen Sie Ihr Wissen über postmortale Organspende ein? | 5‑point Likert scale from bad to good and don’t know |
35 | I have trust in the German healthcare system. Ich habe Vertrauen in das deutsche Gesundheitssystem | 5‑point Likert scale from disagree to agree and don’t know |
36 | I have trust in the German organ donation system. Ich habe Vertrauen in das deutsche Organspendesystem | 5‑point Likert scale from disagree to agree and don’t know |
37 | I have trust in doctors determining brain death reliably. Ich habe Vertrauen in die sichere Feststellung des Hirntodes | 5‑point Likert scale from disagree to agree and don’t know |
40 | Did the transplantation scandals negatively affect your attitude towards organ donation? Haben die vergangenen Transplantationsskandale in Deutschland einen negativen Einfluss auf ihre Haltung zur Organspende gehabt? | Yes, no and don’t know |
42 | Which institution is responsible for organ allocation and waiting lists in Germany? Welche Institution ist in Deutschland für die Organverteilung und Wartelistenführung verantwortlich? | DSO Bundesärztekammer Krankenhäuser Transplantationszentren Bundesministerium für Gesundheit Eurotransplant Robert-Koch-Institut don’t know |
43 | Which institution is responsible for organ donation coordination in Germany? Welche Institution ist in Deutschland für die Koordination der Organspende verantwortlich? | DSO Bundesärztekammer Krankenhäuser Transplantationszentren Bundesministerium für Gesundheit Eurotransplant Robert-Koch-Institut don’t know |
44 | Please select below, which type of organ donation system is in place in Germany. Bitte geben Sie an, welche gesetzliche Regelung momentan in Deutschland gültig ist | Opt-out system Extended opt-out system Opt-in system Extended opt-in system In the questionnaire, answers are given in descriptive form |
45 | Which type of organ donation system would you prefer? Welche gesetzliche Regelung bevorzugen Sie? | Opt-out system Extended opt-out system Opt-in system Extended opt-in system In the questionnaire, answers are given in descriptive form |
Brain death score | ||
52 | Someone who is brain dead can breathe without the support of a ventilator. Eine hirntote Person kann ohne die Unterstützung eines Beatmungsgeräts atmen | Yes, no and don’t know |
53 | Someone who is brain dead can ever wake up (recover). Eine hirntote Person kann jemals wieder aufwachen (sich erholen) | Yes, no and don’t know |
54 | Someone who is brain dead can react (grimace, move away, or blink) if someone touches their eyeball. Eine hirntote Person kann reagieren (grimassieren, sich wegbewegen, mit dem Auge zwinkern), wenn jemand ihren Augapfel berührt | Yes, no and don’t know |
55 | A person can be brain dead even if their heart is still beating. Eine Person kann hirntot sein, wenn ihr Herz noch schlägt | Yes, no and don’t know |
56 | Brain death is different from a coma. Der Hirntod unterscheidet sich von einem Koma | Yes, no and don’t know |
57 | Brain death is different from a vegetative state. Der Hirntod unterscheidet sich von einem permanenten vegetativen Zustand (“Wachkoma”) | Yes, no and don’t know |
Knowledge | ||
66 | In my opinion, organ donation is addressed sufficiently in my courses. Organspende wird meiner Meinung nach ausreichend in meinem Studium/meiner Ausbildung thematisiert | 5‑point Likert scale from disagree to agree and don’t know |
67 | In my opinion, brain death is addressed sufficiently in my courses. Hirntod wird meiner Meinung nach ausreichend in meinem Studium/meiner Ausbildung thematisiert | 5‑point Likert scale from disagree to agree and don’t know |
68 | I can explain the process of post-mortem organ donation to a patient or someone who is interested. Ich fühle mich dazu befähigt, einer Patientin/einem Patienten oder Interessierten den Verlauf einer Organspende zu erklären | 5‑point Likert scale from disagree to agree and don’t know |
69 | I can explain the brain death concept to a patient or someone who is interested. Ich fühle mich dazu befähigt, einer Patientin/einem Patienten oder Interessierten das Konzept des Hirntods zu erklären | 5‑point Likert scale from disagree to agree and don’t know |
70 | I can explain the legal foundation of organ donation in Germany to a patient or someone who is interested. Ich fühle mich dazu befähigt, einer Patientin/einem Patienten oder Interessierten die gesetzlichen Grundlagen der Organspende in Deutschland zu erklären | 5‑point Likert scale from disagree to agree and don’t know |