Introduction
Methods
Sample
Measures
Analysis
Results
Sample
Demography variables | Psychiatrists (N = 87, 16.3%) | Nurses (N = 162, 30.3%) | Family members (N = 137, 25.6%) | General public (N = 149, 27.9%) | Total (N = 535,100%) | Statistics | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age
| 34.2 ± 8.6 | 29.6 ± 6.5 | 43.2 ± 14.1 | 29.2 ± 9.2 | 33.8 ± 11.6 | F = 59.0 | <0.001 |
Gender
| χ
2
= 28.8 | <0.001 | |||||
Male
| 48(55.2%) | 47(29%) | 67(49.3%) | 84(56.4%) | 246(46%) | ||
Female
| 39(44.8%) | 115(71%) | 69(50.7%) | 65(43.6%) | 288(53.8%) | ||
Missing N
| 1(0.2%) | ||||||
Marital status
| χ
2
= 51.0 | <0.001 | |||||
Single
| 26(30.2%) | 74(46%) | 37(27.6%) | 93(66.9%) | 230(43%) | ||
Married
| 60(69.8%) | 87(54%) | 97(72.4%) | 46(33.1%) | 290(54.2%) | ||
Missing N
| 15(2.8%) | ||||||
Education years
| 17.9 ± 2.5 | 15.9 ± 2.7 | 11.7 ± 3.2 | 15.4 ± 3.0 | 15.1 ± 3.6 | F = 89.3 | <0.001 |
Birthplace
| χ
2
= 51.0 | <0.001 | |||||
Urban area
| 39(44.8%) | 63(39.4%) | 69(50.7%) | 38(25.5%) | 209(39.1%) | ||
Semi-urban area
| 17(19.5%) | 21(13.1%) | 29(21.3%) | 29(19.5%) | 96(17.9%) | ||
Rural area
| 31(35.6%) | 76(47.5%) | 38(27.9%) | 82(55%) | 227(42.4%) | ||
Missing N
| 3(0.6%) | ||||||
Place of residence
| χ
2
= 51.0 | <0.001 | |||||
Urban area
| 79(92.9%) | 131(81.9%) | 80(59.3%) | 100(67.1%) | 390(72.9%) | ||
Semi-urban area
| 2(2.4%) | 16(10%) | 38(28.1%) | 28(18.8%) | 84(15.7%) | ||
Rural area
| 4(4.7% | 13(8.1% | 17(12.6% | 21(14.1% | 55(10.3% | ||
Missing N
| 6(1.1%) |
Factor Structure
ITEMS (paraphrased) | Weights |
---|---|
Factor1 Community treatment and Biopsychosocial causation
| |
Increased spending on mental health services is not a waste of money. |
0.850
|
People with mental illness deserve our sympathy. |
0.845
|
We have a responsibility to provide the best possible care for people with mental illness. |
0.790
|
No-one has the right to exclude people with mental illness from their neighborhood. |
0.790
|
Locating mental health facilities in a residential area doesn't downgrade the neighborhood. |
0.785
|
We need to adopt a far more tolerant attitude toward people with mental illness in our society. |
0.760
|
Anyone with mental illness should be given responsibility. |
0.733
|
People with mental health problems should have the same rights to a job as anyone else. |
0.722
|
Virtually anyone can become mentally ill. |
0.706
|
Residents have nothing to fear from people coming to their neighborhood to obtain mental health services. |
0.684
|
Mental health services should be provided through community based facilities as far as possible. |
0.650
|
The best therapy for many people with mental illness is to be part of a normal community. |
0.535
|
It is not frightening to think of people with mental problems living in residential neighborhoods. |
0.524
|
Mental hospitals are an outdated means of treating people with mental illness. |
-0.562
|
Traumatic event or shock can cause mental illness |
0.500
|
Biological factors (other than brain disease or genetics) can cause mental illness. |
0.490
|
Drug or Alcohol misuse can cause mental illness. |
0.462
|
Genetic inheritance can cause mental illness. |
0.437
|
Factor2 Socializing
| |
If somebody had been a former psychiatric patient, I would have them as a friend. |
0.603
|
If somebody who had been a former patient came to live next door to me, I would visit them. |
0.518
|
In interacting with someone with mental illness, I could maintain a friendship. |
0.514
|
I would invite somebody who suffered from mental illness into my home. |
0.490
|
I would occasionally greet somebody who had been a former patient and came to live next door to me. |
0.455
|
I would not object to having mentally ill people living in my neighborhood. |
0.437
|
I would have casual conversations with neighbors who had suffered from mental illness. |
0.423
|
I would be willing to work with somebody with a mental illness. |
0.422
|
Factor3 Specific interactions
| |
In interacting with someone with mental illness, you were not upset or disturbed about working on the same job. |
0.471
|
Physical abuse cannot cause mental illness. |
0.465
|
People with mental illness are not a public nuisance. |
0.426
|
People with mental illness are not dangerous because of violent behavior. |
0.423
|
In interacting with someone with mental illness, I would not be unwilling to share a room. |
0.414
|
You would not avoid conversations with neighbors who had suffered from mental illness. |
0.404
|
Factor4 Disbelief in witchcraft
| |
God's punishment cannot cause mental illness. |
0.652
|
Someone puts a curse on you cannot cause mental illness. |
0.569
|
Witchcraft cannot cause mental illness. |
0.555
|
Possession by evil spirits cannot cause mental illness. |
0.543
|
Group comparisons
Factors | Means (SD) of factor scores | P-value | Paired comparison | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physician (Group1) | Nurses (Group2) | Family members (Group3) | General public (Group4) | |||
Community attitude and biopsychosocial causation
| 0.88(0.37) | 0.86(0.39) | -0.46(0.74) | -1.08(0.41) | <0.001** | Group: 1, 2 > 3 > 4 |
Socializing
| 0.52(0.32) | 0.26(0.70) | -0.97(1.18) | 0.12(0.93) | <0.001** | Group:1, 2, 4 > 3 |
Specific interaction
| 0.16(0.99) | 0.01(0.98) | -0.01(1.09) | -0.09(0.96) | 0.964 | |
Disbelief in witchcraft
| 0.27(0.95) | 0.11(0.91) | -0.17(1.05) | -0.15(1.04) | 0.079 |