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Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie 11/2003

01.11.2003 | Leitthema

Augen-assoziiertes lymphatisches Gewebe (EALT) durchzieht die Augenoberfläche kontinuierlich von der Tränendrüse bis in die ableitenden Tränenwege

verfasst von: Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. E. Knop, N. Knop

Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie | Ausgabe 11/2003

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Komponenten des Schleimhautimmunsystems (MALT) für die Intakterhaltung der Augenoberfläche befinden sich neben der Tränendrüse auch in der Konjunktiva (als CALT) und den ableitenden Tränenwegen (als LDALT). Ihr struktureller und funktioneller Zusammenhang ist allerdings noch ungeklärt.

Material und Methode

Es wurden normale Gewebe der Konjunktiva, der ableitenden Tränenwege und der Tränendrüse mittels Betrachtung von Aufhellungspräparaten, Histologie, Immunhistologie sowie Raster- und Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie untersucht.

Ergebnisse

Ein typisches diffuses lymphatisches Gewebe aus Effektorzellen des Immunsystems unter einem Epithel, das den IgA-Transporter SC enthält, liegt nicht isoliert in der Konjunktiva und den ableitenden Tränenwegen vor. Es verläuft anatomisch kontinuierlich vom periazinösen Bindegewebe der Tränendrüse entlang ihrer Ausführungsgänge in die Konjunktiva und setzt sich in den ableitenden Tränenwegen bis zur Nase fort. B-Lymphozyten wurden fast ausschließlich in Lymphfollikeln gefunden, die einer der Mehrzahl der Präparate seitengleich auftraten. Die Topographie von CALT korrespondiert mit der Position der Kornea bei geschlossenem Auge.

Schlussfolgerung

Das schleimhautassoziierte lymphatische Gewebe von Tränendrüse, Konjunktiva und ableitenden Tränenwegen bildet eine anatomische und funktionelle Einheit zur Immunprotektion der Augenoberfläche. Daher ist es als „Eye-Associated Lymphoid Tissue“ (EALT) in das Schleimhautimmunsystem des Körpers einzuordnen. EALT kann über Lymphfollikel Antigene der Augenoberfläche erkennen und über die regulierte Rezirkulation lymphatischer Zellen andere Organe sowie die Augenoberfläche einschließlich der Tränendrüse mit spezifischen Effektorzellen versorgen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Augen-assoziiertes lymphatisches Gewebe (EALT) durchzieht die Augenoberfläche kontinuierlich von der Tränendrüse bis in die ableitenden Tränenwege
verfasst von
Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. E. Knop
N. Knop
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2003
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Ophthalmologie / Ausgabe 11/2003
Print ISSN: 2731-720X
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-003-0936-6

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