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Autismus bei erwachsenen Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung

verfasst von: Dr. T. Sappok, T. Bergmann, H. Kaiser, A. Diefenbacher

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 11/2010

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Zusammenfassung

Nach Angaben der WHO besteht bei 1–3% der Bevölkerung eine geistige Behinderung (GB). Bei etwa jedem 4. Menschen mit GB besteht zusätzlich eine Autismusspektrumstörung (24,6%, Mittelwert aus 19 Studien, n=9675), wobei die Prävalenz mit dem Grad der GB ansteigt (IQ 50–70: 9,9%, IQ<50: 31,7%). Besonders für die behandelnden Ärzte von psychisch kranken oder verhaltensauffälligen Menschen mit GB ist es daher wichtig, die Störung zu erkennen, differenzialdiagnostisch abzuklären und therapeutische Schritte einzuleiten.

Die Diagnose basiert – unabhängig vom IQ – auf einer vor dem 3. Lebensjahr begonnenen Beeinträchtigung in den Kernbereichen soziale Interaktion, Kommunikation und eingeschränkten, repetitiven Interessen (frühkindlicher oder Kanner-Autismus). Auch bei Menschen mit einer GB kann Autismus als zusätzliche, eigenständige Störung diagnostiziert werden, wobei die kommunikativen und sozialen Fähigkeiten in Relation zum Intelligenz- und Entwicklungsniveau zu setzen sind.

Aufgrund der reduzierten Ausdrucks- und Introspektionsfähigkeit, der erhöhten Prävalenz körperlicher und psychischer Erkrankungen, der erschwerten Anamnesebedingungen und der u. U. atypischen Symptompräsentation ist die Diagnosestellung bei erwachsenen Menschen mit GB eine besondere Herausforderung.

Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die Symptomatik, das diagnostische Vorgehen, häufige Komorbiditäten und Differenzialdiagnosen sowie therapeutische Möglichkeiten und Grenzen bei erwachsenen Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung und Autismusverdacht.

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Titel: Autismus bei erwachsenen Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung
verfasst von: Dr. T. Sappok
T. Bergmann
H. Kaiser
A. Diefenbacher
Publikationsdatum: 01.11.2010
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 11/2010
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-010-3098-1

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Weniger postpartale Depressionen nach Esketamin-Einmalgabe

Auf diese Krankheiten bei Geflüchteten sollten Sie vorbereitet sein