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Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin 3/2009

01.03.2009 | Schwerpunkt: Generalisierte und organbezogene Autoimmunerkrankungen

Autoimmune Thrombozytopenie, Neutropenie und Hämolyse

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. A. Greinacher, J. Bux, A. Salama

Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin | Ausgabe 3/2009

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Zusammenfassung

Wenn Antikörper an Thrombozyten, Granulozyten oder Erythrozyten binden, werden diese vermehrt im retikuloendothelialen System abgebaut. Dies kann zur Thrombozytopenie mit Blutungsneigung, Granulozytopenie mit Infektanfälligkeit bzw. zur Anämie führen. Autoimmunhämozytopenien können primär auftreten oder sekundär im Rahmen anderer Grundkrankheiten. Zu diesen gehören Autoimmunerkrankungen, lymphoproliferative Erkrankungen, Immundefekte und virale Infektionen. Die Diagnose wird gesichert durch den Nachweis von Autoantikörpern gegen die betroffenen Blutzellen. Die Indikation für eine Therapie ist vom klinischen Bild und Verlauf abhängig (Blutungsneigung, Infektionen bzw. Anämie). Insbesondere bei der Autoimmunthrombozytopenie sollte die Indikation zur Therapie nicht allein auf Grund der Thrombozytenzahl gestellt werden. Steroide stellen bisher die Basistherapie bei Autoimmunthrombozytopenie und Autoimmunhämolyse dar, während bei Autoimmungranulozytopenien die prophylaktische Gabe von Antibiotika im Vordergrund steht. Wachstumsfaktoren wie Thrombopoietinrezeptoragonisten bei Autoimmunthrombozytopenie und G-CSF bei der Autoimmunneutropenie sowie Anti-CD20-Antikörper stellen neue Therapieoptionen dar.
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Metadaten
Titel
Autoimmune Thrombozytopenie, Neutropenie und Hämolyse
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. A. Greinacher
J. Bux
A. Salama
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2009
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Innere Medizin / Ausgabe 3/2009
Print ISSN: 2731-7080
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7099
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-008-2250-5

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