AXIN2 polymorphism and its association with prostate cancer in a Turkish population

Polymorphism of AXIN2, a component of Wnt signaling, has been shown to play a role in tumorigenesis and dysregulated in cancer cells. In order to find out if AXIN2 polymorphism is a risk factor for prostate cancer, we analyzed eight polymorphic regions of this gene in 84 patients with prostate cancer and compared the results with 100 healthy controls in a Turkish population using PCR–RFLP methods. The genotype frequencies and risk factors of prostate cancer and control groups were analyzed by Chi-square test. We found a statistically significant result between prostate cancer risk and AXIN2 Intron2-956 + 16A/G (rs35285779) SNP. The frequency of the homozygous G/G (0%) and heterozygous A/G (18%) genotypes was significantly less in patients with prostate cancer than in healthy controls (7 and 32%, respectively) (P < 0.05) for this SNP. When compared with the wild-type A/A genotype of the controls, prostate cancer patients with the A/G and G/G genotype showed reduced risk of cancer; the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for patients with the homozygous G/G genotype was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81–0.95) and for heterozygous A/G genotype was 0.42 (95% CI: 0.20–0.85). We found no statistically significant association between controls and prostate cancer for other seven SNPs of AXIN2 including Exon1-148 C/T (rs2240308), Exon1-432 T/C (rs2240308), Exon5-1365 G/A (rs9915936), Exon5-1386 C/T (rs1133683), Intron5-1712 + 19 T/G, Exon7-2062 C/T, and Intron7-2141 + 73 G/A (rs4072245) (P > 0.05). These results suggest that the AXIN2 Intron2 rs35285779 SNP is associated with development of prostate cancer as a protective SNP, while an association between other seven SNPs of the AXIN2 and risk of prostate cancer was not observed.