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2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

9. B-Lymphozyten und der Antikörperklassenwechsel zu IgE

verfasst von : A. Radbruch, Prof. Dr. rer. nat., M. Worm, Prof. Dr. med.

Erschienen in: Allergologie

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Zusammenfassung

B-Zellen entwickeln sich im Knochenmark aus hämatopoetischen Vorläuferzellen. Sie produzieren Antikörper, die zentrale Elemente des humoralen Immunsystems sind. Die Antikörper der Klassen IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA und IgE werden über verschiedene konstante Regionen in ihren schweren Ketten definiert. Sie zeigen eine unterschiedliche Gewebeverteilung und Wirkung auf Pathogene. Der Klassenwechsel entsteht durch einen Austausch der exprimierten schweren Kettencluster, z. B. von C-µ für IgM mit C-γ, C-α oder C-ε, sodass dementsprechend IgG, IgA oder IgE entsteht, wobei die antigenbindende variable Region nicht verändert wird. Die Induktion des Klassenwechsels benötigt primäre und sekundäre Signale. Signale, die einen primären Klassenwechsel induzieren, vermitteln die Expression der »activation induced cytidine deaminase« (AID) und weitere Proteine, die für den Klassenwechsel eine Rolle spielen, wie etwa den Transkriptionsfaktor NF-κΒ. Signale, die sekundär einen Klassenwechsel fördern, können die Expression von AID nicht induzieren, sind jedoch für die Steuerung des Klassenwechsels zu einem bestimmten Isotyp, wie bspw. IgG, IgA oder IgE durch die Auswahl der S-Region über die Induktion der Keimwandtranskripte, wirksam. Für IgE spielen hier die Zytokine IL-4 und IL-13 beim Menschen eine zentrale Rolle.

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Titel: B-Lymphozyten und der Antikörperklassenwechsel zu IgE
verfasst von: A. Radbruch, Prof. Dr. rer. nat.
M. Worm, Prof. Dr. med.
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch: Allergologie
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-37202-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-37203-2

Copyright-Jahr: 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37203-2_9

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RRP: Adjuvante HPV-Impfung in jedem Alter empfehlenswert

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