Introduction
Materials and methods
Patients and controls
Samples
Microbiological analysis
Spa typing
Statistics
Results
Agent identified | Maxillary sinus culture (CRS) | Nares culture (CRS) | Nares culture (controls) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRSwNP (n = 24) | CRSsNP (n = 18) | Total (n = 42) | CRSwNP* (n = 24) | CRSsNP (n = 18) | Total (n = 42) | Controls (n = 57) | |
Aerobic bacteria | |||||||
CoNS**
| 9 (38 %) | 9 (50 %) | 18 (43 %) | 10 (42 %) | 7 (39 %) | 17 (40 %) | 43 (75 %) |
Staphylococcus aureus
| 8 (33 %) | 7 (39 %) | 15 (36 %) | 14 (58 %) | 10 (56 %) | 24 (57 %) | 16 (28 %) |
Haemophilus influenzae
| 2 (8 %) | 1 (5.6 %) | 3 (7.1 %) | 0 | 1 (2 %) | ||
Diphtheroid rods | 2 (8 %) | 2 (4.7 %) | 2 (8 %) | 2 (11 %) | 4 (9.5 %) | 4 (7 %) | |
Pseudomonas sp | 0 | 1 (5.6 %) | 1 (2.3 %) | 0 | |||
Moraxella sp | 0 | 1 (4 %) | 1 (2.3 %) | 0 | |||
α-haemolytic streptococci
| 1 (4 %) | 1 (2.3 %) | 1 (4 %) | 1 (5.6 %) | 2 (4.7 %) | 1 (2 %) | |
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
| 1 (4 %) | 1 (2.3 %) | 0 | 0 | |||
Micrococcus sp | 0 | 0 | 1 (2 %) | ||||
Streptococcus pneumoniae
| 1 (4 %) | 1 (2.3 %) | 2 (8 %) | 2 (4.7 %) | 0 | ||
Enterobacteriaceae***
| 2 (8 %) | 2 (4.7 %) | 3 (12.5 %) | 1 (5.6 %) | 4 (9.5) | 1 (2 %) | |
Escherichia coli
| 0 | 1 (4 %) | 1 (2.3 %) | 1 (2 %) | |||
Anaerobic | |||||||
Propionibacterium acnes
| 1 (4 %) | 1 (2.3 %) | 0 | 0 | |||
Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci | 1 (4 %) | 1 (2.3 %) | 0 | 0 |
Case # | Maxillary sinus (Rayon-wire swab) | Maxillary sinus (Protected brush) | Concordance* | Assumed impact on the optimal choice of antibiotics treatment when based on findings with rayon wire swab |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
Haemophilus influenzae
| – | High |
2 |
Staphylococcus aureus
CoNS** |
Staphylococcus aureus
| – | Low |
3 | CoNS Diphtheroid rods | Diphtheroid rods | – | Low |
4 |
Staphylococcus aureus
|
Staphylococcus aureus
| + | Low |
5 | CoNS | CoNS | + | Low |
6 |
Streptococcus
pneumoniae
Moraxella catarrhalis
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae
| – | Low |
7 |
Staphylococcus aureus
Propionibacterium acnes
|
Staphylococcus aureus
| – | Low |
8 | CoNS | CoNS | + | Low |
9 | CoNS | CoNS | + | Low |
10 |
Staphylococcus aureus
|
Staphylococcus aureus
CoNS | – | Low |
11 |
Staphylococcus aureus
|
Haemophilus influenzae
| – | Highs |
12 |
Staphylococcus aureus
|
Staphylococcus aureus
CoNS | – | Low |
13 | CoNS | CoNS | + | Low |
14 |
Staphylococcus aureus
|
Staphylococcus aureus
| + | Low |
15 | CoNS | CoNS | + | Low |
16 | CoNS | CoNS | + | Low |
17 |
Staphylococcus aureus
|
Staphylococcus aureus
| + | Low |
18 | CoNS
Haemophilus influenzae
Klebsiella sp |
Haemophilus influenzae
| – | Low |
19 | CoNS | CoNS | + | Low |
20 |
Staphylococcus aureus
| Negative | – | Low |
21 | CoNS
Enterobacteriaceae
|
Enterobacteriaceae
| – | Low |
22 |
Staphylococcus aureus
Diphtheroid rods | CoNS | – | Low |
23 |
Staphylococcus aureus
|
Staphylococcus aureus
| + | Low |
24 | CoNS | CoNS | + | Low |
25 |
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
|
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
| + | Low |
26 |
Staphylococcus aureus
|
Staphylococcus aureus
| + | Low |
27 |
Staphylococcus aureus
|
Staphylococcus aureus
| + | Low |
28 | CoNS
Propionibacterium acnes
| CoNS | – | Low |
29 | CoNS | CoNS | + | Low |
30 |
Staphylococcus aureus
|
Staphylococcus aureus
| + | Low |
31 |
Staphylococcus aureus
|
Staphylococcus aureus
| + | Low |
32 | CoNS
Streptococcus pneumoniae
| CoNS | – | High |
33 | CoNS | CoNS | + | Low |
34 | CoNS | CoNS | + | Low |
35 |
Staphylococcus aureus
|
Staphylococcus aureus
| + | Low |
36 |
Staphylococcus aureus
|
Staphylococcus aureus
| + | Low |
37 |
Escherichia coli
|
Propionibacterium
acnes
| – | Highs |
38 |
Staphylococcus aureus
| Negative | – | Low |
39 | CoNS
Propionibacterium acnes
| CoNS
α-streptococci anaerobic Gram-positive cocci | – | Low |
40 | CoNS Diphtheroid rods
Propionibacterium acnes
| Negative | – | Low |
41 | CoNS
Enterococcus sp | CoNS | – | Low |
42 |
Staphylococcus aureus
Enterobacteriaceae
|
Staphylococcus aureus
Enterobacteriaceae
| + | Low |
Discussion
Case # |
S. aureus isolated in Maxillary sinus, CRS |
S. aureus isolated in Nares, CRS |
---|---|---|
1
|
t246
|
t246
|
2
|
t050
|
t050
|
3
|
t008
|
t008
|
4
|
t021
|
t021
|
5
|
t021
|
t021
|
6
|
t015
|
t015
|
7
|
t021
|
t021
|
8
|
t375
|
t375
|
9
|
t216
|
t216
|
10
|
t017
|
t017
|
11
|
t133
|
t133
|
12
|
t002
|
t002
|
13
|
t084
|
t189
|
14
|
t61
|
t6021
|
15
|
t797
|
t797
|
16
|
t888
|
t888
|
17
|
t005
|
t005
|
18
|
t306
|
t306
|