Introduction
Patients and methods
Subjects
Clinical measurement and morphometric evaluation
LGE-CMR imaging
EMB
Clinical observation and statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics in relation to LGE measured using LGE-CMR imaging and CVF measured using EMB
Total (n = 75) | LGE+ (n = 36) | LGE− (n = 39) |
P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 56 ± 13 | 59 ± 14 | 54 ± 12 | 0.091 |
Sex, males, n (%) | 49 (65) | 24 (66) | 25 (64) | 0.816 |
NYHA (I:II:III:IV) | 13:51:11:0 | 6:24:6:0 | 7:27:5:0 | 0.894 |
SBP (mmHg) | 112 ± 16 | 108 ± 17 | 116 ± 14 | 0.026* |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 77 ± 13 | 75 ± 12 | 79 ± 13 | 0.143 |
Electrocardiographic data | ||||
QRS duration (ms) | 115 ± 26 | 113 ± 22 | 118 ± 29 | 0.388 |
Left bundle branch block, n (%) | 10 (13) | 1 (3) | 9 (23) | 0.015* |
Echocardiogram data | ||||
LVEF (%) | 30.2 ± 7.3 | 31.4 ± 7.4 | 29.1 ± 7.1 | 0.163 |
LVESVI (ml/m2) | 119 ± 36 | 126 ± 37 | 113 ± 35 | 0.106 |
Laboratory data | ||||
BNP (pg/ml) | 240 ± 196 | 236 ± 180 | 244 ± 212 | 0.903 |
BUN (mg/dl) | 18.6 ± 6.16 | 19.4 ± 5.5 | 17.9 ± 6.67 | 0.288 |
Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.88 ± 0.25 | 0.85 ± 0.23 | 0.90 ± 0.28 | 0.373 |
Total bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.69 ± 0.30 | 0.73 ± 0.26 | 0.66 ± 0.34 | 0.326 |
Treatment, n (%) | ||||
β-Blocker | 71 (95) | 33 (92) | 38 (97) | 0.345 |
Carvedilol equivalent dose (mg/day) | 12 ± 7.6 | 10 ± 7.9 | 15 ± 7.0 | 0.019* |
ACEI/ARB | 74 (99) | 36 (100) | 38 (97) | 1 |
MRB | 46 (61) | 26 (72) | 20 (51) | 0.096 |
ICD | 6 (8) | 4 (11) | 2 (5) | 0.337 |
CRT | 5 (7) | 3 (8) | 2 (5) | 0.578 |
CVF on EMB (%) | 7.05 ± 6.24 | 6.52 ± 5.98 | 7.61 ± 6.54 | 0.432 |
Baseline LGE and CVF as predictors of LVRR and prognosis
Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β coefficient | 95 % CI |
P value |
β coefficient | 95 % CI |
P value | |
Age | −0.02 | −0.74 to 0.62 | 0.862 | |||
SBP | −0.057 | −0.71 to 0.43 | 0.625 | |||
Heart rate | −0.067 | −0.92 to 0.51 | 0.567 | |||
QRS duration | −0.032 | −0.40 to 0.31 | 0.787 | |||
Left bundle branch block | −0.098 | −18.7 to 7.60 | 0.404 | |||
BNP | −0.153 | −0.07 to 0.02 | 0.189 | −0.24 | −0.09 to −0.01 | 0.028* |
BUN | −0.089 | −2.02 to 0.90 | 0.447 | |||
Creatinine | −0.024 | −39.2 to 31.8 | 0.836 | |||
Total bilirubin | −0.034 | −18.7 to 7.60 | 0.404 | |||
β-Blocker dose | −0.091 | −1.64 to 0.72 | 0.436 | |||
CVF on EMB | 0.038 | −1.19 to 1.65 | 0.333 | |||
LGE area | 0.388 | 0.67 to 2.35 | <0.001** | 0.436 | 0.87 to 2.53 | <0.001** |
Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hazard ratio | 95 % CI |
P value | Hazard ratio | 95 % CI |
P value | |
Age | 1.013 | 0.97–1.06 | 0.53 | |||
Male | 0.597 | 0.20–1.86 | 0.361 | |||
SBP | 0.958 | 0.92–1.00 | 0.026* | 0.986 | 0.94–1.02 | 0.466 |
Heart rate | 0.979 | 0.94–1.02 | 0.339 | |||
Left bundle branch block | 0.006 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.049 | |||
BNP | 1.002 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.075 | |||
LVEF | 1.072 | 0.99–1.16 | 0.069 | |||
LVESVI | 1.002 | 0.99–1.02 | 0.748 | |||
β-Blocker dose | 0.931 | 0.86–1.00 | 0.055 | |||
CVF on EMB | 1.055 | 0.98–1.13 | 0.159 | |||
LGE area | 1.068 | 1.03–1.11 | <0.001** | 1.06 | 1.02–1.10 | 0.009** |