Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Oral Radiology 3/2017

27.03.2017 | Review Article

Basic and important points regarding the diagnosis of oral cancers using fluorine-18-labeled fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography: a review

verfasst von: Shinji Kito, Hirofumi Koga, Masafumi Oda, Tatsurou Tanaka, Masaaki Kodama, Manabu Habu, Ikuya Miyamoto, Shinya Kokuryo, Noriaki Yamamoto, Nao Wakasugi-Sato, Shinobu Matsumoto-Takeda, Daigo Yoshiga, Kenji Osawa, Shun Nishimura, Takaaki Joujima, Ken-ichi Mochida, Noriaki Kawanabe, Kou Matsuo, Masataka Uehara, Masaaki Sasaguri, Izumi Yoshioka, Kazuhiro Tominaga, Yasuhiro Morimoto

Erschienen in: Oral Radiology | Ausgabe 3/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Numerous studies, including our own, have revealed that positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) using fluorine-18-labeled fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) is effective for the diagnosis of oral cancers. Large amounts of new information about primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes have been acquired, and the use of 18F-FDG PET/CT has been shown to improve diagnostic precision in determining both the pathological characteristics of primary oral cancers and the presence of metastatic lymph nodes. However, substantial variations in 18F-FDG uptake in the oral and maxillofacial regions have been identified, and the differential diagnosis of some oral cancers and metastatic lymph nodes remains difficult for radiologists. Therefore, based on the previous research, the aim of the present study was to review the basic and important points regarding the diagnosis of primary oral cancers and metastatic lymph nodes using 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim SJ, Chang S. Volumetric parameters changes of sequential 18F-FDG PET/CT for early prediction of recurrence and death in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Clin Nucl Med. 2015;40:930–5.CrossRefPubMed Kim SJ, Chang S. Volumetric parameters changes of sequential 18F-FDG PET/CT for early prediction of recurrence and death in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Clin Nucl Med. 2015;40:930–5.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Wei J, Pei S, Zhu X. Comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT, MRI and SPECT in the diagnosis of local residual/recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 2016;52:11–7.CrossRefPubMed Wei J, Pei S, Zhu X. Comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT, MRI and SPECT in the diagnosis of local residual/recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 2016;52:11–7.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Müller J, Hüllner M, Strobel K, Huber GF, Burger IA, Haerle SK. The value of (18) F-FDG-PET/CT imaging in oral cavity cancer patients following surgical reconstruction. Laryngoscope. 2015;125:1861–8.CrossRefPubMed Müller J, Hüllner M, Strobel K, Huber GF, Burger IA, Haerle SK. The value of (18) F-FDG-PET/CT imaging in oral cavity cancer patients following surgical reconstruction. Laryngoscope. 2015;125:1861–8.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Kito S, Koga H, Kodama M, Habu M, Kokuryo S, Oda M, et al. Alterations in 18F-FDG accumulation into neck-related muscles after neck dissection for patients with oral cancers. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2016;21:e341–e8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kito S, Koga H, Kodama M, Habu M, Kokuryo S, Oda M, et al. Alterations in 18F-FDG accumulation into neck-related muscles after neck dissection for patients with oral cancers. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2016;21:e341–e8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Meeuwis J, Hoekstra OS, Witte BI, Boellaard R, Leemans CR, de Bree R. 18FDG SUV in the primary tumor and lymph node metastases is not predictive for development of distant metastases in high risk head and neck cancer patients. Oral Oncol. 2015;51:536–40.CrossRefPubMed Meeuwis J, Hoekstra OS, Witte BI, Boellaard R, Leemans CR, de Bree R. 18FDG SUV in the primary tumor and lymph node metastases is not predictive for development of distant metastases in high risk head and neck cancer patients. Oral Oncol. 2015;51:536–40.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Pasha MA, Marcus C, Fakhry C, Kang H, Kiess AP, Subramaniam RM. FDG PET/CT for management and assessing outcomes of squamous cell cancer of the oral cavity. Am J Roentgenol. 2015;205:W150–W61.CrossRef Pasha MA, Marcus C, Fakhry C, Kang H, Kiess AP, Subramaniam RM. FDG PET/CT for management and assessing outcomes of squamous cell cancer of the oral cavity. Am J Roentgenol. 2015;205:W150–W61.CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Gao S, Li S, Yang X, Tang Q. 18FDG PET-CT for distant metastases in patients with recurrent head and neck cancer after definitive treatment. A meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 2014;50:163–7.CrossRefPubMed Gao S, Li S, Yang X, Tang Q. 18FDG PET-CT for distant metastases in patients with recurrent head and neck cancer after definitive treatment. A meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 2014;50:163–7.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Xu GZ, Guan DJ, He ZY. (18)FDG-PET/CT for detecting distant metastases and second primary cancers in patients with head and neck cancer. A meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 2011;47:560–5.CrossRefPubMed Xu GZ, Guan DJ, He ZY. (18)FDG-PET/CT for detecting distant metastases and second primary cancers in patients with head and neck cancer. A meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 2011;47:560–5.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Kito S, Koga H, Kodama M, Yamamoto N, Kokuryo S, Habu M, et al. Reflection of 18F-FDG accumulation in the evaluation of the extent of periapical or periodontal inflammation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2012;114:e62–e9.CrossRefPubMed Kito S, Koga H, Kodama M, Yamamoto N, Kokuryo S, Habu M, et al. Reflection of 18F-FDG accumulation in the evaluation of the extent of periapical or periodontal inflammation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2012;114:e62–e9.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Kito S, Koga H, Oda M, Tanaka T, Kodama M, Habu M, et al. The important pitfalls in the diagnosis of cancer in the oral cavity using 18F-FDG-PET-CT. In: Horizons in cancer research. Hauppague: Nova Science Publishers; 2015. pp. 85–96. Kito S, Koga H, Oda M, Tanaka T, Kodama M, Habu M, et al. The important pitfalls in the diagnosis of cancer in the oral cavity using 18F-FDG-PET-CT. In: Horizons in cancer research. Hauppague: Nova Science Publishers; 2015. pp. 85–96.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Oda M, Tanaka T, Kito S, Seta Y, Ishikawa A, Kodama M, et al. Recent advances of the diagnostic images for oral cancers. In: Oral cancer: causes, diagnosis and treatment. Hauppague: Nova Science Publishers; 2011. Oda M, Tanaka T, Kito S, Seta Y, Ishikawa A, Kodama M, et al. Recent advances of the diagnostic images for oral cancers. In: Oral cancer: causes, diagnosis and treatment. Hauppague: Nova Science Publishers; 2011.
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Kowalsky RJ, Falen SW, editors. Radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear pharmacy and nuclear medicine. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmacists Association; 2004. Kowalsky RJ, Falen SW, editors. Radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear pharmacy and nuclear medicine. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmacists Association; 2004.
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhuang H, Alavi A. 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic imaging in the detection and monitoring of infection and inflammation. Semin Nucl Med. 2002;32:47–59.CrossRefPubMed Zhuang H, Alavi A. 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic imaging in the detection and monitoring of infection and inflammation. Semin Nucl Med. 2002;32:47–59.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Shreve PD, Bui CDH. Normal variants in FDG PET imaging. In: Wahl RL, editor. Principles and practice of positron emission tomography. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002. pp. 111–36. Shreve PD, Bui CDH. Normal variants in FDG PET imaging. In: Wahl RL, editor. Principles and practice of positron emission tomography. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002. pp. 111–36.
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Roh JL, Ryu CH, Choi SH, Kim JS, Lee JH, Cho KJ, et al. Clinical utility of 18F-FDG PET for patients with salivary gland malignancies. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:240–6.PubMed Roh JL, Ryu CH, Choi SH, Kim JS, Lee JH, Cho KJ, et al. Clinical utility of 18F-FDG PET for patients with salivary gland malignancies. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:240–6.PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Islam T, Harisinghani MG. Overview of nanoparticle use in cancer imaging. Cancer Biomark. 2009;5:61–7.CrossRefPubMed Islam T, Harisinghani MG. Overview of nanoparticle use in cancer imaging. Cancer Biomark. 2009;5:61–7.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee C, Langen KM, Lu W, Haimerl J, Schnarr E, Ruchala KJ, et al. Evaluation of geometric changes of parotid glands during head and neck cancer radiotherapy using daily MVCT and automatic deformable registration. Radiother Oncol. 2008;89:81–8.CrossRefPubMed Lee C, Langen KM, Lu W, Haimerl J, Schnarr E, Ruchala KJ, et al. Evaluation of geometric changes of parotid glands during head and neck cancer radiotherapy using daily MVCT and automatic deformable registration. Radiother Oncol. 2008;89:81–8.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta T, Beriwal S. PET/CT-guided radiation therapy planning: from present to the future. Indian J Cancer. 2010;47:126–33.CrossRefPubMed Gupta T, Beriwal S. PET/CT-guided radiation therapy planning: from present to the future. Indian J Cancer. 2010;47:126–33.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Roh JL, Yeo NK, Kim JS, Lee JH, Cho KJ, Choi SH, et al. Utility of 2-[18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in the preoperative staging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol. 2007;43:887–93.CrossRefPubMed Roh JL, Yeo NK, Kim JS, Lee JH, Cho KJ, Choi SH, et al. Utility of 2-[18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in the preoperative staging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol. 2007;43:887–93.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwartz DL, Ford E, Rajendran J, Yueh B, Coltrera MD, Virgin J, et al. FDG-PET/CT imaging for preradiotherapy staging of head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;61:129–36.CrossRefPubMed Schwartz DL, Ford E, Rajendran J, Yueh B, Coltrera MD, Virgin J, et al. FDG-PET/CT imaging for preradiotherapy staging of head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;61:129–36.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Andrade RS, Heron DE, Degirmenci B, Filho PA, Branstetter BF, Seethala RR, et al. Posttreatment assessment of response using FDG-PET/CT for patients treated with definitive radiation therapy for head and neck cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;65:1315–22.CrossRefPubMed Andrade RS, Heron DE, Degirmenci B, Filho PA, Branstetter BF, Seethala RR, et al. Posttreatment assessment of response using FDG-PET/CT for patients treated with definitive radiation therapy for head and neck cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;65:1315–22.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Suzuki H, Fukuyama R, Hasegawa Y, Tamaki T, Nishio M, Nakashima T, et al. Tumor thickness, depth of invasion, and Bcl-2 expression are correlated with FDG-uptake in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Oncol. 2009;45:891–7.CrossRefPubMed Suzuki H, Fukuyama R, Hasegawa Y, Tamaki T, Nishio M, Nakashima T, et al. Tumor thickness, depth of invasion, and Bcl-2 expression are correlated with FDG-uptake in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Oncol. 2009;45:891–7.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Chung MK, Jeong HS, Son YI, So YK, Park GY, Choi JY, et al. Metabolic tumor volumes by [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT correlate with occult metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16:3111–7.CrossRefPubMed Chung MK, Jeong HS, Son YI, So YK, Park GY, Choi JY, et al. Metabolic tumor volumes by [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT correlate with occult metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16:3111–7.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Miyawaki A, Ikeda R, Hijioka H, Ishida T, Ushiyama M, Nozoe E, et al. SUVmax of FDG-PET correlates with the effects of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep. 2010;23:1205–12.CrossRefPubMed Miyawaki A, Ikeda R, Hijioka H, Ishida T, Ushiyama M, Nozoe E, et al. SUVmax of FDG-PET correlates with the effects of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep. 2010;23:1205–12.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Suzuki H, Hasegawa Y, Terada A, Hyodo I, Nakashima T, Nishio M, et al. FDG-PET predicts survival and distant metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol. 2009;45:569–73.CrossRefPubMed Suzuki H, Hasegawa Y, Terada A, Hyodo I, Nakashima T, Nishio M, et al. FDG-PET predicts survival and distant metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol. 2009;45:569–73.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Kubota K, Yokoyama J, Yamaguchi K, Ono S, Qureshy A, Itoh M, et al. FDG-PET delayed imaging for the detection of head and neck cancer recurrence after radio-chemotherapy: comparison with MRI/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004;31:590–5.CrossRefPubMed Kubota K, Yokoyama J, Yamaguchi K, Ono S, Qureshy A, Itoh M, et al. FDG-PET delayed imaging for the detection of head and neck cancer recurrence after radio-chemotherapy: comparison with MRI/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004;31:590–5.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Krabbe CA, Pruim J, Dijkstra PU, Balink H, van der Laan BF, de Visscher JG, et al. 18F-FDG PET as a routine posttreatment surveillance tool in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective study. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:1940–7.CrossRefPubMed Krabbe CA, Pruim J, Dijkstra PU, Balink H, van der Laan BF, de Visscher JG, et al. 18F-FDG PET as a routine posttreatment surveillance tool in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective study. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:1940–7.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat McGarvey AC, Osmotherly PG, Hoffman GR, Chiarelli PE. Scapular muscle exercises following neck dissection surgery for head and neck cancer: a comparative electromyographic study. Phys Ther. 2013;93:786–97.CrossRefPubMed McGarvey AC, Osmotherly PG, Hoffman GR, Chiarelli PE. Scapular muscle exercises following neck dissection surgery for head and neck cancer: a comparative electromyographic study. Phys Ther. 2013;93:786–97.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat McGarvey AC, Osmotherly PG, Hoffman GR, Chiarelli PE. Impact of neck dissection on scapular muscle function: a case-controlled electromyographic study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013;94:113–9.CrossRefPubMed McGarvey AC, Osmotherly PG, Hoffman GR, Chiarelli PE. Impact of neck dissection on scapular muscle function: a case-controlled electromyographic study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013;94:113–9.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat McGarvey AC, Chiarelli PE, Osmotherly PG, Hoffman GR. Physiotherapy for accessory nerve shoulder dysfunction following neck dissection surgery: a literature review. Head Neck. 2011;33:274–80.CrossRefPubMed McGarvey AC, Chiarelli PE, Osmotherly PG, Hoffman GR. Physiotherapy for accessory nerve shoulder dysfunction following neck dissection surgery: a literature review. Head Neck. 2011;33:274–80.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Andreadis D, Stylianou F, Link-Tsatsouli I, Markopoulos A. Bilateral masseter and internal pterygoid muscle hypertrophy: a diagnostic challenge. Med Princ Pract. 2014;23:286–8.CrossRefPubMed Andreadis D, Stylianou F, Link-Tsatsouli I, Markopoulos A. Bilateral masseter and internal pterygoid muscle hypertrophy: a diagnostic challenge. Med Princ Pract. 2014;23:286–8.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Ariji Y, Fuwa N, Kodaira T, Tachibana H, Nakamura T, Satoh Y, et al. False-positive positron emission tomography appearance with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose after definitive radiotherapy for cancer of the mobile tongue. Br J Radiol. 2009;82:e3–e7.CrossRefPubMed Ariji Y, Fuwa N, Kodaira T, Tachibana H, Nakamura T, Satoh Y, et al. False-positive positron emission tomography appearance with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose after definitive radiotherapy for cancer of the mobile tongue. Br J Radiol. 2009;82:e3–e7.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Bogsrud TV, Lowe VJ. Normal variants and pitfalls in whole-body PET imaging with 18F FDG. Appl Radiol.0. 2006;35:16–30. Bogsrud TV, Lowe VJ. Normal variants and pitfalls in whole-body PET imaging with 18F FDG. Appl Radiol.0. 2006;35:16–30.
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Shimamoto H, Tatsumi M, Kakimoto N, Hamada S, Shimosegawa E, Murakami S, et al. (18)F-FDG accumulation in the oral cavity is associated with periodontal disease and apical periodontitis: an initial demonstration on PET/CT. Ann Nucl Med. 2008;22:587–93.CrossRefPubMed Shimamoto H, Tatsumi M, Kakimoto N, Hamada S, Shimosegawa E, Murakami S, et al. (18)F-FDG accumulation in the oral cavity is associated with periodontal disease and apical periodontitis: an initial demonstration on PET/CT. Ann Nucl Med. 2008;22:587–93.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Abdoli M, Ay MR, Ahmadian A, Zaidi H. A virtual sinogram method to reduce dental metallic implant artefacts in computed tomography-based attenuation correction for PET. Nucl Med Commun. 2010;31:22–31.CrossRefPubMed Abdoli M, Ay MR, Ahmadian A, Zaidi H. A virtual sinogram method to reduce dental metallic implant artefacts in computed tomography-based attenuation correction for PET. Nucl Med Commun. 2010;31:22–31.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Kamel EM, Burger C, Buck A, von Schulthess GK, Goerres GW. Impact of metallic dental implants on CT-based attenuation correction in a combined PET/CT scanner. Eur Radiol. 2003;13:724–8.CrossRefPubMed Kamel EM, Burger C, Buck A, von Schulthess GK, Goerres GW. Impact of metallic dental implants on CT-based attenuation correction in a combined PET/CT scanner. Eur Radiol. 2003;13:724–8.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Harnsberger HR. Handbook of head and neck imaging. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc; 1994. Harnsberger HR. Handbook of head and neck imaging. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc; 1994.
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Morimoto Y, Tanaka T, Yamamoto N, Kodama M, Seta Y, Habu M, et al. New trends and advances in oral and maxillofacial imaging. Curr Med Imaging Rev. 2009;5:226–37.CrossRef Morimoto Y, Tanaka T, Yamamoto N, Kodama M, Seta Y, Habu M, et al. New trends and advances in oral and maxillofacial imaging. Curr Med Imaging Rev. 2009;5:226–37.CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Liao CT, Wang HM, Chang JT, Lin CY, Ng SH, Huang SF, et al. Influence of pathological nodal status and maximal standardized uptake value of the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes on treatment plans in patients with advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;77:421–9.CrossRefPubMed Liao CT, Wang HM, Chang JT, Lin CY, Ng SH, Huang SF, et al. Influence of pathological nodal status and maximal standardized uptake value of the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes on treatment plans in patients with advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;77:421–9.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Liao CT, Chang JT, Wang HM, Ng SH, Huang SF, Chen IH, et al. Preoperative [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography standardized uptake value of neck lymph nodes may aid in selecting patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma for salvage therapy after relapse. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36:1783–93.CrossRefPubMed Liao CT, Chang JT, Wang HM, Ng SH, Huang SF, Chen IH, et al. Preoperative [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography standardized uptake value of neck lymph nodes may aid in selecting patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma for salvage therapy after relapse. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36:1783–93.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Goerres GW, Schmid DT, Grätz KW, von Schulthess GK, Eyrich GK. Impact of whole body positron emission tomography on initial staging and therapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Oral Oncol. 2003;39:547–51.CrossRefPubMed Goerres GW, Schmid DT, Grätz KW, von Schulthess GK, Eyrich GK. Impact of whole body positron emission tomography on initial staging and therapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Oral Oncol. 2003;39:547–51.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Basic and important points regarding the diagnosis of oral cancers using fluorine-18-labeled fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography: a review
verfasst von
Shinji Kito
Hirofumi Koga
Masafumi Oda
Tatsurou Tanaka
Masaaki Kodama
Manabu Habu
Ikuya Miyamoto
Shinya Kokuryo
Noriaki Yamamoto
Nao Wakasugi-Sato
Shinobu Matsumoto-Takeda
Daigo Yoshiga
Kenji Osawa
Shun Nishimura
Takaaki Joujima
Ken-ichi Mochida
Noriaki Kawanabe
Kou Matsuo
Masataka Uehara
Masaaki Sasaguri
Izumi Yoshioka
Kazuhiro Tominaga
Yasuhiro Morimoto
Publikationsdatum
27.03.2017
Verlag
Springer Singapore
Erschienen in
Oral Radiology / Ausgabe 3/2017
Print ISSN: 0911-6028
Elektronische ISSN: 1613-9674
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-017-0273-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2017

Oral Radiology 3/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Newsletter

Bestellen Sie unseren kostenlosen Newsletter Update Zahnmedizin und bleiben Sie gut informiert – ganz bequem per eMail.