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Erschienen in: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 6/2018

22.05.2018 | Klimawandel | Leitthema

Bedeutung von Klima- und Umweltschutz für die Gesundheit mit besonderer Berücksichtigung von Schädigungen der Hautbarriere und allergischen Folgeerkrankungen

verfasst von: Clemens Heuson, Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann

Erschienen in: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz | Ausgabe 6/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Die menschliche Haut erfüllt neben der Lunge und dem Darm eine zentrale Barrierefunktion hinsichtlich der Interaktion des Körpers mit der Umwelt. Eine kontinuierliche Exposition gegenüber Umwelteinflüssen kann zu Schädigungen der epithelialen Barriere führen und somit den Weg für die Entwicklung von Atopien bahnen. Letztere bezeichnen die Neigung zu Allergien, d. h. Überempfindlichkeitsreaktionen der Haut, des Darms und der Atemwege auf im Grunde unschädliche Umweltstoffe.
Allergien zählen zu den nichtübertragbaren Krankheiten (NCDs, Non-communicable Diseases). Gemäß der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) stellen Allergien die aktuell größte medizinische Herausforderung dar. Sie sind die häufigsten und im Lebenslauf am ehesten auftretenden NCDs und zeichnen sich durch einen hohen und vielfältigen Leidensdruck aus. Die Verbreitung von Allergien innerhalb der Bevölkerung nimmt stetig zu, was steigende Fallzahlen belegen. Als Folge davon entstehen hohe sozioökonomische Belastungen und demnach der dringende Bedarf effektiver Präventionsmaßnahmen. Deren Potenzial wird längst nicht effektiv eingesetzt. Die Schlüsselrolle der Hautbarriere bezüglich der Abwehr von Atopien eröffnet zusätzlich neue Möglichkeiten der Prävention. Sie liegen in einer ambitionierten Umwelt- und Klimapolitik begründet, die die Barriere schädigender Umweltfaktoren gezielt adressieren.
Basierend auf dieser Annahme erklärt dieser Artikel, welche umwelt- und klimapolitischen Maßnahmen hierfür geeignet wären. Die zwei primären Argumente für solche Maßnahmen sind sowohl eine Entlastung des Gesundheitswesens als auch eine deutliche Erhöhung der Lebensqualität für die Betroffenen. Sie legitimieren erst eine ambitionierte Umwelt- und Klimapolitik, für deren konkrete Umsetzung eine integrierte Betrachtungsweise von (Allergie‑)Prävention und Umwelt erforderlich ist und für deren Akzeptanz in Politik und Gesellschaft nun dringend geworben werden muss.
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Metadaten
Titel
Bedeutung von Klima- und Umweltschutz für die Gesundheit mit besonderer Berücksichtigung von Schädigungen der Hautbarriere und allergischen Folgeerkrankungen
verfasst von
Clemens Heuson
Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
Publikationsdatum
22.05.2018
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Schlagwort
Klimawandel
Erschienen in
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz / Ausgabe 6/2018
Print ISSN: 1436-9990
Elektronische ISSN: 1437-1588
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-018-2742-y

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