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Erschienen in: Obere Extremität 1/2019

06.02.2019 | Radiusköpfchenfraktur | Übersicht

Behandlung von Radiuskopffrakturen – Literaturübersicht

verfasst von: Dr. Arne Buchholz, PD Dr. Sebastian Siebenlist

Erschienen in: Obere Extremität | Ausgabe 1/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Der Radiuskopf ist ein wichtiger Stabilisator des Ellenbogengelenks. Verletzungen des Radiuskopfes sind nicht selten mit weiteren destabilisierenden Begleitverletzungen vergesellschaftet und können zu relevanten funktionellen Einschränkungen des Ellenbogengelenks führen. Abhängig von der Verletzungsmorphologie muss eine differenzierte Therapie erfolgen. Nicht- oder gering dislozierte Frakturen können in den meisten Fällen konservativ behandelt werden. Dislozierte Frakturen werden in der Regel operativ versorgt. Die Rekonstruktion des Radiuskopfes erfolgt mittels Schrauben- und/oder Plattenosteosynthese. Zuletzt hat die technische Weiterentwicklung der Implantate das Indikationsspektrum für die Radiuskopfosteosynthese erweitert. Bei den nicht rekonstruierbaren Frakturen ist die Implantation einer Radiuskopfprothese die Therapie der Wahl. Gerade bei höhergradigen Verletzungen ist die Mitversorgung von osteoligamentären Begleitverletzungen essentiell, um ein gutes Therapieergebnis zu erzielen. Insgesamt ist die Evidenzlage zur Versorgung der Radiuskopffrakturen weiterhin unzureichend. Dies betrifft insbesondere die dislozierten und mehrfragmentären Brüche. Geringe Fallzahlen und ein meist retrospektives Studiendesign sind hierfür maßgeblich verantwortlich. Hinsichtlich eines im Durchschnitt jungen Patientenkollektivs stehen Langzeitergebnisse insbesondere zur Radiuskopfprothese noch aus. Entscheidend für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung der Radiuskopffrakturen ist die Wiederherstellung einer stabilen, stufenfreien Gelenkführung am humeroradialen Gelenk, sodass eine frühfunktionelle Beübung erfolgen kann und das Risiko für sekundäre degenerative Veränderungen minimiert wird.
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Metadaten
Titel
Behandlung von Radiuskopffrakturen – Literaturübersicht
verfasst von
Dr. Arne Buchholz
PD Dr. Sebastian Siebenlist
Publikationsdatum
06.02.2019
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Obere Extremität / Ausgabe 1/2019
Print ISSN: 1862-6599
Elektronische ISSN: 1862-6602
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11678-019-0503-7

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