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Erschienen in: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 11/2017

19.09.2017 | Opioide | Originalien und Übersichten

Beigebrauchdetektion in der Substitutionstherapie

Speichelproben versus Urinscreening

verfasst von: Johannes Stein, Max Geraedts

Erschienen in: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz | Ausgabe 11/2017

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Gesundheit von Substitutionstherapiepatienten wird durch die Einnahme weiterer Drogen gefährdet. Daher verlangt die Bundesärztekammer den Nachweis therapiegetreuer Substituteinnahme. Testart und Überprüfungsfrequenz sind vom Arzt zu wählen. In der Routineversorgung wurde untersucht, ob ein Beikonsumnachweis in Speichelproben machbar und aufgrund niedrigerer Nachweisgrenzen und minimierter Manipulationsmöglichkeiten dem Urinscreening überlegen ist.

Methode

Die Urin- und Speichelproben eines zufällig ausgewählten Drittels von insgesamt 361 Patienten, welche sich in der Behandlung von 4 Praxen der suchtmedizinischen Grundversorgung einer westdeutschen Großstadt befanden, wurden untersucht. Die Detektionsraten in den Urin- und Speichelproben wurden bivariat verglichen. Zudem wurden der Beikonsum von Patientensubgruppen und die Patienten- und Personalpräferenzen hinsichtlich der Beikonsumkontrollen erfasst.

Ergebnisse

Bei 29 Patienten war die doppelte Probenentnahme wegen zu geringen Materials oder Verweigerung nicht möglich. In 117 gepaarten Urin- und Speichelproben fanden sich in den Urinproben neben den Substituten 155, in den Speichelproben 82 weitere Substanzen. Die größten Unterschiede bestanden bei THC mit 50 (42,7 %) positiven Urin- und 3 (2,6 %) positiven Speichelproben (p < 0,0001) sowie bei Benzodiazepinen mit 41 (35 %) positiven Urin- sowie 28 (23,9 %) positiven Speichelproben (p < 0,0001). Insgesamt waren 75,2 % der Urinproben beikonsumpositiv. Patienten und Mitarbeiter präferierten keine Kontrollart eindeutig.

Schlussfolgerung

Beikonsumkontrollen durch Speichelproben sind in der Routineversorgung zwar generell machbar, den Urinkontrollen jedoch unterlegen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Beigebrauchdetektion in der Substitutionstherapie
Speichelproben versus Urinscreening
verfasst von
Johannes Stein
Max Geraedts
Publikationsdatum
19.09.2017
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz / Ausgabe 11/2017
Print ISSN: 1436-9990
Elektronische ISSN: 1437-1588
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-017-2630-x

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