Background
Methods
Survey development
Questions | Responses are n/N (%) unless otherwise indicated |
---|---|
Demographic characteristics
| |
What is your medical qualification? | |
Critical care medicine | 77/157 (49) |
Anesthesiology | 61/157 (39) |
Pulmonology | 5/157 (3) |
Nephrology | 5/157 (3) |
Emergency | 4/157 (3) |
Internal medicine | 2/157 (1) |
Cardiology | 2/157 (1) |
Infectious disease | 1/157 (1) |
For how many years have you worked in an ICU (years, median [IQR]) | 10 [4-18] |
In which type of institution do you work? | |
University hospital | 78/157 (50) |
Public-sector general hospital | 71/157 (45) |
Private-sector for-profit or non-profit hospital | 8/157 (5) |
CRRT practices
| |
Which RRT modality do you most commonly use? | |
Continuous renal replacement therapy | 110/157 (70) |
Intermittent renal replacement therapy | 47/157 (30) |
Which CRRT techniques do you use? | |
Continuous venovenous hemofiltration | 114/157 (71) |
Continuous venovenous hemodialysis | 89/157 (57) |
Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration | 87/157 (55) |
Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis | 13/157 (8) |
Which is the most commonly used CRRT technique? | |
Continuous venovenous hemofiltration | 81/156 (52) |
Continuous venovenous hemodialysis | 54/156 (35) |
Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration | 21/156 (13) |
Which is the most commonly used anticoagulant? | |
Citrate | 100/157 (64) |
Heparin | 57/157 (36) |
If you use continuous venovenous hemofiltration or hemodiafiltration, which hemofiltration mode do you prefer? | |
Postdilution mode | 22/142 (16) |
Predilution mode | 11/142 (8) |
Pre/postdilution mode | 106/142 (77) |
Which is the most commonly used CRRT dose, and how do you adjust it? | |
20 mL/kg/h | 9/157 (6) |
25 mL/kg/h | 36/157 (23) |
30 mL/kg/h | 49/157 (31) |
35 mL/kg/h | 45/157 (29) |
2000 mL/h (effluent flow not adjusted for body weight) | 12/157 (8) |
2500 mL/h (effluent flow not adjusted for body weight) | 3/157 (2) |
3000 mL/h (effluent flow not adjusted for body weight) | 3/157 (2) |
Dialysis dose adjusted for body weight upon CRRT initiation | 29/75 (39) |
Dialysis dose adjusted for body weight on admission | 27/75 (36) |
Dialysis dose adjusted for ideal total weight | 19/75 (25) |
Which type(s) of membrane do you use for CRRT? | |
Polysulfone (Fresenius® kits: CVVHDF 600, CVVHDF 1000, CVVH 600, CVVH 1000, HV-CVVH 1000, Ci-Ca postCVVHDF 1000, Ci-Ca CVVHD 1000, Ci-Ca EMiC2 ; Theradial® kits: Aquamax HF12, HF 19) | 54/138 (39) |
Polyarylethersulfone (Baxter® kits: Prismaflex HF1000, HF1400) | 9/138 (7) |
Acrylonitrile (Baxter® kits: Prismaflex M100, M150) | 29/138 (21) |
Acrylonitrile coated with polyethylenimine (Baxter® kits: Prismaflex ST100, ST150) | 55/138 (40) |
Beta-lactam dosing regimens during CRRT
| |
Which beta-lactam dosing regimen do you prescribe for patients on CRRT? | |
Unadjusted dosing regimens | 88/157 (56) |
Full dose for 24 h and then a reduced-dosing regimen | 26/157 (17) |
Full dose for 48 h and then a reduced-dosing regimen | 14/157 (9) |
A single loading dose before a reduced-dosing regimen | 20/157 (13) |
Reduced-dosing regimens all the time | 3/157 (2) |
Reduced or full doses, depending on the drug compound | 6/157 (4) |
Do you adjust the antibiotic dose based on the dialysis dose or effluent flow? | |
Yes | 23/154 (15) |
No | 131/154 (85) |
Do you use prolonged/continuous infusions for beta-lactams in patients on CRRT? | |
Yes | 138/157 (88) |
No | 19/157 (12) |
If yes, for which beta-lactam? | |
Piperacillin/tazobactam | 108/119 (91) |
Cefotaxime | 63/119 (53) |
Ceftazidime | 85/119 (71) |
Cefepime | 59/119 (50) |
Meropenem | 47/119 (40) |
If yes, which tools do you use? | |
Guide Prescription et Rein (French renal prescription handbook) | 103/139 (74) |
Therapeutic drug monitoring | 86/139 (62) |
Data from clinical studies in the literature | 48/139 (35) |
Dosing regimens of patients with renal failure applied to the estimated creatinine clearance rate of the patient on RRT | 6/139 (4) |
Pharmacokinetic software | 4/139 (3) |
Pharmacokinetic calculations by hand | 3/139 (2) |
Other tools | 6/139 (4) |
If beta-lactam therapeutic drug monitoring is used, which pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target do you use? | |
40/50/70% T > MIC | 0/74 (0) |
100% T > MIC | 12/74 (16) |
40/50/70% T > 4 MIC | 4/74 (5) |
100% T > 4 MIC | 39/74 (53) |
40/50/70% T > 5 MIC | 0/74 (0) |
100% T > 5 MIC | 7/74 (10) |
40/50/70% T > 8 MIC | 0/74 (0) |
100% T > 8 MIC | 12/74 (16) |
Do you sometimes call other specialists for advice on antibiotic dosing regimen adjustment for patients on CRRT? | |
No | 92/157 (59) |
Infectious disease specialist | 45/157 (29) |
Microbiologist | 16/157 (10) |
Pharmacist/pharmacologist | 13/157 (8) |
Nephrologist | 8/157 (5) |
Toxicologist | 8/157 (5) |
For a 70 kg patient admitted with community-acquired infectious pneumonia and treated with your preferred CRRT technique at 25 ml/kg/hour, which maintenance dose do you prescribe for cefotaxime? | |
2 g TID | 84/156 (54) |
2 g BID | 17/156 (11) |
1 g TID | 44/156 (28) |
1 g BID | 9/156 (6) |
1 g QID | 2/156 (1) |
For a 70 kg patient admitted with hospital-acquired infectious pneumonia and treated with your preferred CRRT technique at 25 ml/kg/hour, which maintenance dose do you prescribe for piperacillin/tazobactam? | |
4/0.5 g QID | 61/154 (40) |
4/0.5 g TID | 69/154 (45) |
4/0.5 g BID | 15/154 (10) |
3/0.375 g QID | 6/154 (4) |
Other | 2/154 (1) |
For a 70 kg patient admitted with hospital-acquired infectious pneumonia and treated with your preferred CRRT technique at 25 ml/kg/hour, which maintenance dose do you prescribe for meropenem? | |
2 g TID | 48/156 (31) |
2 g BID | 9/156 (6) |
1 g TID | 69/156 (44) |
1 g BID | 28/156 (18) |
Other | 2/156 (1) |
Does your institution have procedures for adjusting antibiotic doses in patients on CRRT? | |
Yes | 33/157 (21) |
No | 124/157 (79) |
Do you feel that you observe more beta-lactam-induced neurotoxicity in patients treated with renal replacement than in other patients? | |
Fully agree | 5/157 (3) |
Tend to agree | 48/157 (31) |
Tend to disagree | 80/157 (51) |
Strongly disagree | 24/157 (15) |
Statistical analysis
Results
The respondents’ characteristics
CRRT practices
Beta-lactam dosing regimens during CRRT
Use of therapeutic drug monitoring | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes
n
= (%)
|
No
n
= (%)
|
p
-value
| ||
Type of institution
| ||||
University hospital | 45 | 33 | 0,569 | |
Other types of hospital | 41 | 38 | ||
Years of experience ≤ 10
| ||||
Yes | 48 | 48 | 0,493 | |
No | 38 | 29 | ||
No adjustment of dosing regimens during CRRT
| ||||
Yes | 48 | 45 | 0,425 | |
No | 38 | 26 | ||
Do you adjust the dosage according to the dialysis dose or effluent flow?
| ||||
Yes | 13 | 10 | 1,000 | |
No | 72 | 59 | ||
Do you call other specialists for advice on antibiotic dosing regimen adjustments for patients on CRRT?
| ||||
Yes | 47 | 18 |
<0,001
| |
No | 18 | 53 | ||
Does your institution have procedures for adjusting antibiotic doses in patients on CRRT?
| ||||
Yes | 17 | 16 | 0,821 | |
No | 69 | 55 | ||
Do you use prolonged/continuous infusions for beta-lactams in patients on CRRT?
| ||||
Yes | 81 | 57 |
0,016
| |
No | 5 | 14 |