nach oben

Erschienen in:

08.05.2020 | Original Article

Beyond metrics and morphology: the potential of FTIR-ATR and chemometrics to estimate age-at-death in human bone

verfasst von: Mariana Pedrosa, Francisco Curate, Luís A. E. Batista de Carvalho, Maria Paula M. Marques, Maria Teresa Ferreira

Erschienen in: International Journal of Legal Medicine | Ausgabe 5/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

In forensic anthropology, the application of traditional methods for estimating the biological profile of human skeletal remains is often hampered by poor preservation and skeletal representativeness, compromising their reliability. Thus, the development of alternative methods to the morphometric analysis of bones to estimate the biological profile of human remains is paramount. The age of an individual can cause changes in bone morphology, mass and size, as well as in its chemical composition. In this sense, the main objective of this research was to evaluate if the contents of bone collagen (Am/P), carbonate type A (API), carbonate type B (BPI), the relation between the carbonate content (types A and B) to type B carbonate (C/C), carbonate-phosphate ratio (C/P) and crystallinity index (CI), spectroscopic indices obtained from relationships between infrared absorption band intensities (FTIR-ATR), can be used as age-at-death predictors. A sample of femora and humeri from the 21st Century Identified Skeleton Collection (N = 80, 44 females and 36 males) was employed. Results show that, with advancing age, women’s femora have lower CI values, but BPI and C/P indices increase, and the deformation and disorder of the crystal lattice are probably affected by the integration of type B carbonate content of the femur. The ratios analysed, especially the CI and the BPI, show potential to estimate age-at-death in human skeletal remains, when sex is already known, thus helping to assess the biological profile when conventional methods cannot be applied.

Cattaneo C (2007) Forensic anthropology: developments of a classical discipline in the new millennium. Forensic Sci Int 165:185–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.05.018CrossRefPubMed

Cunha E (2014) A Antropologia Passo a Passo. In: Gomes A (ed) Enfermagem Forense. Lidel, Lisboa, pp 280–288

Mundorff AZ, Shaler R, Bieschke ET, Mar-Cash E (2014) Marrying anthropology and DNA: essential for solving complex commingling problems in cases of extreme fragmentation. In: Adams BJ, Byrd JE (eds) Recovery, analysis, and identification of commingled human remains. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 257–273CrossRef

Yazedjian L, Kešetović R (2008) The application of traditional anthropological methods in a DNA-led identification process. In: Adams BJ, Byrd JE (eds) recovery, analysis, and identification of commingled human remains. Humana Press, pp 271–284

Boskey JA, Gokhale AL, Robey PG (2001) The biochemistry of bone. In: Marcus R, Feldman D, Nelson D, Rosen C (eds) Osteoporosis I. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 107–188

Wang X-Y, Zuo Y, Huang D et al (2010) Comparative study on inorganic composition and crystallographic properties of cortical and cancellous bone. Biomed Environ Sci 23:473–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-3988(11)60010-XCrossRefPubMed

Boskey AL, Robey PG (2007) The composition of bone. In: Bilezikian JP, Bouillon R, Clemens T et al (eds) Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism. Wiley-Blackwell, pp 84–92

Zhu W, Robey PG, Boskey AL (2013) The regulatory role of matrix proteins in mineralization of bone. In: Marcus R, Feldman D, Nelson D, Rosen C (eds) Osteoporosis I. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 235–255

Gonçalves D, Vassalo AR, Mamede AP, Makhoul C, Piga G, Cunha E, Marques MPM, Batista de Carvalho LAE (2018) Crystal clear: vibrational spectroscopy reveals intrabone, intraskeleton, and interskeleton variation in human bones. Am J Phys Anthropol 166:296–312. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23430CrossRefPubMed

10.

Nagy G, Lorand T, Patonai Z, Montsko G, Bajnoczky I, Marcsik A, Mark L (2008) Analysis of pathological and non-pathological human skeletal remains by FT-IR spectroscopy. Forensic Sci Int 175:55–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.05.008CrossRefPubMed

11.

Marques MPM, Gonçalves D, Amarante AIC, Makhoul CI, Parker SF, Batista de Carvalho LAE (2016) Osteometrics in burned human skeletal remains by neutron and optical vibrational spectroscopy. RSC Adv 6:68638–68641. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra13564aCrossRef

12.

Paschalis EP, DiCarlo E, Betts F, Sherman P, Mendelsohn R, Boskey AL (1996) FTIR microspectroscopic analysis of human osteonal bone. Calcif Tissue Int 59:480–487. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00369214CrossRefPubMed

13.

Madupalli H, Pavan B, Tecklenburg MMJ (2017) Carbonate substitution in the mineral component of bone: discriminating the structural changes, simultaneously imposed by carbonate in A and B sites of apatite. J Solid State Chem 255:27–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2017.07.025CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

14.

Mamede AP, Gonçalves D, Marques MPM, Batista de Carvalho LAE (2018) Burned bones tell their own stories: a review of methodological approaches to assess heat-induced diagenesis. Appl Spectrosc Rev 53:603–635. https://doi.org/10.1080/05704928.2017.1400442CrossRef

15.

Tacker RC (2008) Carbonate in igneous and metamorphic fluorapatite: two type A and two type B substitutions. Am Mineral 93:168–176. https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2008.2551CrossRef

16.

Wopenka B, Pasteris JD (2005) A mineralogical perspective on the apatite in bone. Mater Sci Eng C 25:131–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2005.01.008CrossRef

17.

Carden A, Morris MD (2000) Application of vibrational spectroscopy to the study of mineralized tissues (review). J Biomed Opt 5:259–268. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.429994CrossRefPubMed

18.

Person A, Bocherens H, Saliège JF, Paris F, Zeitoun V, Gérard M (1995) Early diagenetic evolution of bone phosphate: an X-ray diffractometry analysis. J Archaeol Sci 22:211–221. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1995.0023CrossRef

19.

Boskey A, Pleshko Camacho N (2007) FT-IR imaging of native and tissue-engineered bone and cartilage. Biomaterials 28:2465–2478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.11.043CrossRefPubMed

20.

Lebon M, Reiche I, Bahain JJ, Chadefaux C, Moigne AM, Fröhlich F, Sémah F, Schwarcz HP, Falguères C (2010) New parameters for the characterization of diagenetic alterations and heat-induced changes of fossil bone mineral using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. J Archaeol Sci 37:2265–2276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2010.03.024CrossRef

21.

Marques MPM, Mamede AP, Vassalo AR, Makhoul C, Cunha E, Gonçalves D, Parker SF, Batista de Carvalho LAE (2018) Heat-induced bone diagenesis probed by vibrational spectroscopy. Sci Rep 8:15935. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34376-wCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

22.

Mamede AP, Vassalo AR, Piga G, Cunha E, Parker SF, Marques MPM, Batista de Carvalho LAE, Gonçalves D (2018) Potential of bioapatite hydroxyls for research on archeological burned bone. Anal Chem 90:11556–11563. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02868CrossRefPubMed

23.

Vassalo AR, Cunha E, Batista de Carvalho LAE, Gonçalves D (2016) Rather yield than break: assessing the influence of human bone collagen content on heat-induced warping through vibrational spectroscopy. Int J Legal Med 130:1647–1656. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-016-1400-xCrossRefPubMed

24.

Beasley MM, Bartelink EJ, Taylor L, Miller RM (2014) Comparison of transmission FTIR, ATR, and DRIFT spectra: implications for assessment of bone bioapatite diagenesis. J Archaeol Sci 46:16–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2014.03.008CrossRef

25.

Dutta A (2017) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In: Thomas S, Thomas R, Zachariah AK, Mishra RK (eds) Spectroscopic Methods for Nanomaterials Characterization. Elsevier Inc, pp 73–93

26.

Thompson TJU, Gauthier M, Islam M (2009) The application of a new method of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to the analysis of burned bone. J Archaeol Sci 36:910–914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2008.11.013CrossRef

27.

Monnier GF (2018) A review of infrared spectroscopy in microarchaeology: methods, applications, and recent trends. J Archaeol Sci Rep 18:806–823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.12.029CrossRef

28.

Stiner MC, Kuhn SL, Surovell TA, Goldberg P, Meignen L, Weiner S, Bar-Yosef O (2001) Bone preservation in Hayonim Cave (Israel): a macroscopic and mineralogical study. J Archaeol Sci 28:643–659. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2000.0634CrossRef

29.

Hollund HI, Ariese F, Fernandes R et al (2013) Testing an alternative high-throughput tool for investigating bone diagenesis: FTIR in attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode. Archaeometry 55:507–532. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2012.00695.xCrossRef

30.

Legros R, Balmain N, Bonel G (1987) Age-related changes in mineral of rat and bovine cortical bone. Calcif Tissue Int 41:137–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02563793CrossRefPubMed

31.

Rey C, Renugopalakrishman V, Collins B, Glimcher MJ (1991) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of the carbonate ions in bone mineral during aging. Calcif Tissue Int 49:251–258. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02556214CrossRefPubMed

32.

Handschin RG, Stern WB (1995) X-ray diffraction studies on the lattice perfection of human bone apatite (Crista Iliaca). Bone 16:355S–363S. https://doi.org/10.1016/S8756-3282(95)80385-8CrossRef

33.

Miller LM, Vairavamurthy V, Chance MR, Mendelsohn R, Paschalis EP, Betts F, Boskey AL (2001) In situ analysis of mineral content and crystallinity in bone using infrared micro-spectroscopy of the ν₄ PO₄³⁻ vibration. Biochim Biophys Acta, Gen Subj 1527:11–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4165(01)00093-9CrossRef

34.

Grynpas MD, Bonar LC, Glimcher MJ (1984) Failure to detect an amorphous calcium-phosphate solid phase in bone mineral: a radial distribution function study. Calcif Tissue Int 36:291–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02405333CrossRefPubMed

35.

Handschin RG, Stern WB (1992) Crystallographic lattice refinement of human bone. Calcif Tissue Int 51:111–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00298498CrossRefPubMed

36.

Rey C, Kim HM, Glimcher MJ (1994) Maturation of poorly crystalline synthetic and biological apatites. In: Brown PW, Constantz B (eds) Hydroxyapatite and related materials. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 181–187

37.

Gourion-Arsiquaud S, Burket JC, Havill LM, DiCarlo E, Doty SB, Mendelsohn R, van der Meulen MCH, Boskey AL (2009) Spatial variation in osteonal bone properties relative to tissue and animal age. J Bone Miner Res 24:1271–1281. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.090201CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

38.

Turunen MJ, Saarakkala S, Rieppo L, Helminen HJ, Jurvelin JS, Isaksson H (2011) Comparison between infrared and Raman spectroscopic analysis of maturing rabbit cortical bone. Appl Spectrosc 65:595–603. https://doi.org/10.1366/10-06193CrossRefPubMed

39.

Sillen A, Morris A (1996) Diagenesis of bone from border cave: implications for the age of the border cave hominids. J Hum Evol 31:499–506. https://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1996.0075CrossRef

40.

Grynpas MD, Tupy JH, Sodek J (1994) The distribution of soluble, mineral-bound, and matrix-bound proteins in osteoporotic and normal bones. Bone 15:505–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/8756-3282(94)90274-7CrossRefPubMed

41.

Fedarko NS, Vetter UK, Weinstein S, Robey PG (1992) Age-related changes in hyaluronan, proteoglycan, collagen, and osteonectin synthesis by human bone cells. J Cell Physiol 151:215–227. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041510202CrossRefPubMed

42.

Ferreira MT, Vicente R, Navega D et al (2014) A new forensic collection housed at the University of Coimbra, Portugal: the 21st century identified skeletal collection. Forensic Sci Int 245:202.e1–202.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.09.021CrossRef

43.

Boaks A, Siwek D, Mortazavi F (2014) The temporal degradation of bone collagen: a histochemical approach. Forensic Sci Int 240:104–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.04.008CrossRefPubMed

44.

Grupe G (1988) Impact of the choice of bone samples on trace element data in excavated human skeletons. J Archaeol Sci 15:123–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(88)90002-7CrossRef

45.

Weiner S, Bar-Yosef O (1990) States of preservation of bones from prehistoric sites in the near east: a survey. J Archaeol Sci 17:187–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(90)90058-DCrossRef

46.

Wright LE, Schwarcz HP (1996) Infrared and isotopic evidence for diagenesis of bone apatite at Dos Pilas, Guatemala: palaeodietary implications. J Archaeol Sci 23:933–944. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1996.0087CrossRef

47.

Trueman CNG, Behrensmeyer AK, Tuross N, Weiner S (2004) Mineralogical and compositional changes in bones exposed on soil surfaces in Amboseli National Park, Kenya: diagenetic mechanisms and the role of sediment pore fluids. J Archaeol Sci 31:721–739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2003.11.003CrossRef

48.

Snoeck C, Lee-Thorp JA, Schulting RJ (2014) From bone to ash: compositional and structural changes in burned modern and archaeological bone. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 416:55–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.08.002CrossRef

49.

Team RC (2019) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. http://r-project.org/. Accessed 4 Nov 2019

50.

Reznikov N, Chase H, Brumfeld V, Shahar R, Weiner S (2015) The 3D structure of the collagen fibril network in human trabecular bone: relation to trabecular organization. Bone 71:189–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2014.10.017CrossRefPubMed

51.

Thompson TJU, Islam M, Bonniere M (2013) A new statistical approach for determining the crystallinity of heat-altered bone mineral from FTIR spectra. J Archaeol Sci 40:416–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2012.07.008CrossRef

52.

Francalacci P, Tarli SB (1988) Multielementary analysis of trace elements and preliminary results on stable isotopes in two Italian prehistoric sites. Methodological aspects. In: Grupe G, Herrmann B (eds) Trace elements in environmental history. Proceedings in Life Sciences. Springer, Berlin, pp 41–52

53.

Shemesh A (1990) Crystallinity and diagenesis of sedimentary apatites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54:2433–2438. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90230-ICrossRef

54.

Stiner MC, Kuhn SL, Weiner S, Bar-Yosef O (1995) Differential burning, recrystallization, and fragmentation of archaeological bone. J Archaeol Sci 22:223–237. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1995.0024CrossRef

55.

Trueman CN, Privat K, Field J (2008) Why do crystallinity values fail to predict the extent of diagenetic alteration of bone mineral? Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 266:160–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.038CrossRef

56.

Boskey AL, DiCarlo E, Paschalis E, West P, Mendelsohn R (2005) Comparison of mineral quality and quantity in iliac crest biopsies from high- and low-turnover osteoporosis: an FT-IR microspectroscopic investigation. Osteoporos Int 16:2031–2038. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-005-1992-3CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

57.

Akkus O, Polyakova-Akkus A, Adar F, Schaffler MB (2003) Aging of microstructural compartments in human compact bone. J Bone Miner Res 18:1012–1019. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.6.1012CrossRefPubMed

58.

Thompson TJU, Islam M, Piduru K, Marcel A (2011) An investigation into the internal and external variables acting on crystallinity index using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on unaltered and burned bone. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 299:168–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.10.044CrossRef

59.

Driessens FCM, van Dijk JWE, Borggreven JMPM (1978) Biological calcium phosphates and their role in the physiology of bone and dental tissues I. composition and solubility of calcium phosphates. Calcif Tissue Res 26:127–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02013247CrossRefPubMed

60.

Glimcher MJ (2006) Bone: nature of the calcium phosphate crystals and cellular, structural, and physical chemical mechanisms in their formation. Rev Mineral Geochem 64:223–282. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.64.8CrossRef

61.

Surovell TA, Stiner MC (2001) Standardizing infra-red measures of bone mineral crystallinity: an experimental approach. J Archaeol Sci 28:633–642. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2000.0633CrossRef

62.

Rey C, Collins B, Goehl T, Dickson IR, Glimcher MJ (1989) The carbonate environment in bone mineral: a resolution-enhanced Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study. Calcif Tissue Int 45:157–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02556059CrossRefPubMed

63.

Pleshko N, Boskey A, Mendelsohn R (1991) Novel infrared spectroscopic method for the determination of crystallinity of hydroxyapatite minerals. Biophys J 60:786–793. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(91)82113-0CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

64.

Figueiredo MM, Gamelas JAF, Martins AG (2012) Characterization of bone and bone-based graft materials using FTIR spectroscopy. In: Theophanides T (ed) Infrared spectroscopy. IntechOpen, Rijeka, pp 315–338

65.

Wang Q, Li W, Liu R, Zhang K, Zhang H, Fan S, Wang Z (2019) Human and non-human bone identification using FTIR spectroscopy. Int J Legal Med 133:269–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-018-1822-8CrossRefPubMed

66.

Nielsen-Marsh CM, Hedges REM (2000) Patterns of diagenesis in bone II: effects of acetic acid treatment and the removal of diagenetic CO₃²⁻. J Archaeol Sci 27:1151–1159. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1999.0538CrossRef

67.

Longato S, Wöss C, Hatzer-Grubwieser P, Bauer C, Parson W, Unterberger SH, Kuhn V, Pemberger N, Pallua AK, Recheis W, Lackner R, Stalder R, Pallua JD (2015) Post-mortem interval estimation of human skeletal remains by micro-computed tomography, mid-infrared microscopic imaging and energy dispersive X-ray mapping. Anal Methods 7:2917–2927. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ay02943gCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

68.

Akkus O, Adar F, Schaffler MB (2004) Age-related changes in physicochemical properties of mineral crystals are related to impaired mechanical function of cortical bone. Bone 34:443–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2003.11.003CrossRefPubMed

69.

Yerramshetty JS, Lind C, Akkus O (2006) The compositional and physicochemical homogeneity of male femoral cortex increases after the sixth decade. Bone 39:1236–1243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2006.06.002CrossRefPubMed

70.

Klepinger LL (2006) Fundamentals of forensic anthropology. John Wiley & Sons, Franklin TownshipCrossRef

71.

Rey C, Combes C, Drouet C, Sfihi H, Barroug A (2007) Physico-chemical properties of nanocrystalline apatites: implications for biominerals and biomaterials. Mater Sci Eng C 27:198–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2006.05.015CrossRef

72.

Pucéat E, Reynard B, Lécuyer C (2004) Can crystallinity be used to determine the degree of chemical alteration of biogenic apatites? Chem Geol 205:83–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.014CrossRef

73.

Casuccio C (1962) An introduction to the study of osteoporosis (biochemical and biophysical research in bone ageing). Proc R Soc Med 55:663–668. https://doi.org/10.1177/003591576205500815CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

74.

Rogers HJ, Weidmann SM, Parkinson A (1952) Studies on the skeletal tissues. II. The collagen content of bones from rabbits, oxen and humans. Biochem J 50:537–542. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0500537CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

75.

Eastoe JE (1968) Chemical aspects of the matrix concept in calcified tissue organisation. Calcif Tissue Res 2:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02279189CrossRefPubMed

76.

Very JM, Gibert R, Guilhot B, Debout M, Alexandre C (1997) Effect of aging on the amide group of bone matrix, measured by FTIR spectrophotometry, in adult subjects deceased as a result of violent death. Calcif Tissue Int 60:271–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002239900228CrossRefPubMed

77.

Bailey AJ, Sims TJ, Ebbesen EN, Mansell JP, Thomsen JS, Mosekilde L (1999) Age-related changes in the biochemical properties of human cancellous bone collagen: relationship to bone strength. Calcif Tissue Int 65:203–210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002239900683CrossRefPubMed

78.

Zioupos P, Currey JD, Hamer AJ (1999) The role of collagen in the declining mechanical properties of aging human cortical bone. J Biomed Mater Res 45:108–116. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199905)45:2<108::AID-JBM5>3.0.CO;2-ACrossRefPubMed

79.

Collins MJ, Nielsen-Marsh CM, Hiller J, Smith CI, Roberts JP, Prigodich RV, Wess TJ, Csapo J, Millard AR, Turner-Walker G (2002) The survival of organic matter in bone: a review. Archaeometry 44:383–394. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4754.t01-1-00071CrossRef

80.

Ruppel ME, Burr DB, Miller LM (2006) Chemical makeup of microdamaged bone differs from undamaged bone. Bone 39:318–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BONE.2006.02.052CrossRefPubMed

81.

Dequeker J, Merlevede W (1971) Collagen content and collagen extractability pattern of adult human trabecular bone according to age, sex and amount of bone mass. Biochim Biophys Acta, Gen Subj 244:410–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(71)90243-1CrossRef

82.

Dequeker J, Remans J, Franssen R, Waes J (1971) Ageing patterns of trabecular and cortical bone and their relationship. Calcif Tissue Res 7:23–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02062590CrossRefPubMed

83.

Baccino E, Schmitt A (2006) Determination of adult age at death in the forensic context. In: Schmitt A, Cunha E, Pinheiro J (eds) Forensic anthropology and medicine: complementary sciences from recovery to cause of death. Humana Press, Totowa, pp 259–280CrossRef

Titel: Beyond metrics and morphology: the potential of FTIR-ATR and chemometrics to estimate age-at-death in human bone
verfasst von: Mariana Pedrosa
Francisco Curate
Luís A. E. Batista de Carvalho
Maria Paula M. Marques
Maria Teresa Ferreira
Publikationsdatum: 08.05.2020
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: International Journal of Legal Medicine / Ausgabe 5/2020
Print ISSN: 0937-9827
Elektronische ISSN: 1437-1596
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-020-02310-3

Neu im Fachgebiet Rechtsmedizin

01.04.2024 | Forensische Traumatologie | CME

Springer Medizin

Beyond metrics and morphology: the potential of FTIR-ATR and chemometrics to estimate age-at-death in human bone

Abstract

Neu im Fachgebiet Rechtsmedizin

Theoretische Grundlagen von Explosionen und Explosionsverletzungen

Auswirkungen vorgeschalteter Laborprozesse auf die Digitalisierung histologischer Schnittpräparate

Knochenmarkhistologie bei Zytopenien

Herausforderungen der Automation bei der quantitativen Auswertung von Leberbiopsien

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2020

Effects of cocaine and levamisole (as adulterant) on the isolated perfused Langendorff heart

A four-step mutation at D22S1045 in one complex paternity case when the brother of the alleged father hypothesis is evaluated

Correction to: Dying with SARS-CoV-2 infection—an autopsy study of the first consecutive 80 cases in Hamburg, Germany

Genetic portrait of North-West Indian population based on X chromosome Alu insertion markers

Immunohistochemical renal expression of aquaporin 2, arginine-vasopressin, vasopressin receptor 2, and renin in saltwater drowning and freshwater drowning

Skin pigmentation and genetic variants in an admixed Brazilian population of primarily European ancestry

Neu im Fachgebiet Rechtsmedizin

Theoretische Grundlagen von Explosionen und Explosionsverletzungen

Auswirkungen vorgeschalteter Laborprozesse auf die Digitalisierung histologischer Schnittpräparate

Knochenmarkhistologie bei Zytopenien

Herausforderungen der Automation bei der quantitativen Auswertung von Leberbiopsien