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Erschienen in: Die Orthopädie 7/2014

01.07.2014 | Leitthema

Bilaterale spastische Parese mit Gehfähigkeit (Diparese)

Pathophysiologie, State of the Art konservativer und operativer Behandlung und Rehabilitation

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. B. Westhoff, D. Bittersohl, R. Krauspe

Erschienen in: Die Orthopädie | Ausgabe 7/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die infantile Zerebralparese ist eine der häufigsten Erkrankungen mit der Folge einer chronischen Behinderung, die meist mit einer Beeinträchtigung der Gehfähigkeit einhergeht.

Erkrankungsmuster

Typischerweise entwickeln sich während des Wachstums Muskelverkürzungen mit nachfolgenden Gelenkkontrakturen und -instabilitäten sowie knöcherne Deformitäten in unterschiedlicher Ausprägung. Aus biomechanischer Sicht liegt der Gehbehinderung eine Hebelarmdysfunktion zugrunde.

Therapiestrategien

Das Therapiekonzept ist multimodal und umfasst konservative sowie operative Maßnahmen. Ziel ist es, den Muskeltonus zu senken, Muskel- und Gelenkkontrakturen sowie knöcherne Deformitäten zu vermeiden bzw. bereits fixierte Fehlstellungen zu korrigieren, um eine bestmögliche Funktion für den Patienten zu erzielen; dazu sind häufig aufwendige Multilevel-Operationen notwendig.

Schlussfolgerung

Für die Durchführung der Operationen sind fundierte Kenntnisse über die Biomechanik des Gehens sowie die Pathobiomechanik der spastischen bilateralen Zerebralparese erforderlich. Mithilfe der instrumentellen Ganganalyse können die biomechanischen Verhältnisse besser analysiert und aufwendige Operationen mit einer höheren Präzision geplant werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Bilaterale spastische Parese mit Gehfähigkeit (Diparese)
Pathophysiologie, State of the Art konservativer und operativer Behandlung und Rehabilitation
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. B. Westhoff
D. Bittersohl
R. Krauspe
Publikationsdatum
01.07.2014
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Orthopädie / Ausgabe 7/2014
Print ISSN: 2731-7145
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7153
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-013-2220-z

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