Background
Methods
Study population
Data sources
The Maamu survey data | The Finnish Medical Birth Register | The Register of Induced Abortions |
---|---|---|
Self-reported births | Registered births (from year 1987) | Registered induced abortions (from year 1983) |
Self-reported induced abortions | Self-reported previous births among those with given births in Finland since 1987 | Self-reported previous induced abortions among those with induced abortions in Finland since 1983 |
Self-reported previous induced abortions among those with given births in Finland since 1987 | Self-reported previous births among those with induced abortions in Finland since 1983 | |
Combined survey and register data | ||
maximum number of births/induced abortions in survey or register | ||
dichotomous variables for births/induced abortions: 1) no births/induced abortion, 2) at least one birth/induced abortion | ||
categorized number of births: no births, 1–2 births and 3 or more births | ||
categorized number of induced abortion: no induced abortions, one induced abortion and two or more induced abortions |
Definition of variables
Statistical analyses
Results
Characteristics of the study population
General population (n = 630) %, 95 CI | Russian (n = 341) %, 95 CI | Somali (n = 176) %, 95 CI | Kurdish (n = 228) %, 95 CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marital status | ||||
Unmarried/divorced/widow | 39.1 (35.2–43.1) | 43.6 (37.8–49.6) | 32.3 (25.5–39.9) | 33.7 (28.0–39.8) |
Married/civil union | 60.9 (56.9–64.8) | 56.4 (50.4–62.2) | 67.7 (60.1–74.5) | 66.3 (60.2–72.0) |
Education | ||||
No formal education | 0.0 (NA) | 0.0 (NA) | 35.3 (28.4–43.0) | 19.4 (15.1–24.7) |
Primary | 27.7 (24.1–31.5) | 15.5 (11.7–20.3)*** | 49.3 (41.4–57.3) *** | 39.3 (33.5–45.5) *** |
Secondary/higher | 72.3 (68.5–75.9) | 84.5 (97.7–88.3) *** | 15.4 (10.6–21.8) *** | 41.2 (35.4–47.3) *** |
Employment status | ||||
Working | 83.7 (80.4–86.6) | 65.8 (60.2–71.0) *** | 37.3 (30.3–44.9) *** | 56.2 (50.2–62.1) *** |
Others | 16.3 (13.4–19.6) | 34.2 (29.0–39.8) *** | 62.7 (55.1–69.7) *** | 43.8 (37.9–49.8) *** |
Moved to Finland (age yrs) | ||||
≤18 yrs | 38.4 (32.8–44.4) | 46.2 (38.1–54.5) | 41.4(34.9–48.2) | |
>18 yrs | 61.6 (55.6–67.2) | 53.8 (45.5–61.9) | 58.6 (51.8–65.1) | |
Time lived in Finland | ||||
≤5 yrs | 23.0 (18.4–28.5) | 20.6 (15.5–26.7) | 16.6 (12.7–21.3) | |
6–14 yrs | 37.6 (32.1–43.4) | 38.9 (31.5–46.8) | 56.0 (49.9–61.9) | |
≥15 yrs | 39.4 (33.7–45.4) | 40.6 (33.2–48.4) | 27.5 (22.4–33.2) |
Births
General population | Russian | Somali | Kurdish | |
---|---|---|---|---|
18–29 years a | n = 182 | n = 83 | n = 70 | n = 66 |
Survey data 1, women with at least one birth, % | 8.5 (5.1–13.8) | 17.0 (11.0–25.3)* | 60.3 (48.1–71.3)*** | 41.2 (33.1–49.8)*** |
Register data 2, women with at least one birth, % | 8.5 (5.1–13.8) | 16.1 (10.3–24.4)* | 54.5 (42.8–65.7)*** | 37.6 (30.0–46.0)*** |
Combined data 3, women with at least one birth, % | 8.5 (5.1–13.8) | 17.0 (11.0–25.3)* | 60.3 (48.1–71.3)*** | 41.2 (33.1–49.8)*** |
30–64 years b | n = 448 | n = 258 | n = 104 | n = 161 |
Survey data 1, women with at least one birth, % | 69.2 (63.9–74.0) | 89.0 (84.0–92.5)*** | 95.5 (89.9–98.1)*** | 95.7 (91.7–97.9)*** |
Register data 2, women with at least one birth, % | 52.9 (47.6–58.1) | 44.7 (38.4–51.1)* | 67.5 (58.2–75.6)** | 62.3 (55.3–68.8)* |
Combined data 3, women with at least one birth, % | 69.2 (63.9–74.1) | 89.0 (84.0–92.5)*** | 95.5 (89.9–98.1)*** | 96.4 (92.6–98.3)*** |
18–64 years c, Combined data 3 | n = 630 | n = 341 | n = 174 | n = 227 |
Among all women | ||||
no births, % | 50.6 (46.9–54.2) | 33.5 (29.0–38.3)***5 | 17.6 (13.1–23.3)***5 | 21.8 (17.8–26.5) ***5 |
1–2 births, % | 36.8 (33.2–40.5) | 58.6 (53.5–63.5) | 18.5 (13.3–25.0) | 36.4 (30.8–42.4) |
≥3 births, % | 12.6 (10.3–15.4) | 7.9 (5.6–11.2) | 63.9 (57.4–70.0) | 41.8 (36.7–47.0) |
Mean number of births among all women | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 4.5 (4.0–5.0)*** | 2.6 (2.3–2.8)*** |
Mean number of births among parous women | 1.8 (1.7–2.0) | 1.6 (1.4–1.7)** | 5.9 (5.3–6.4)*** | 3.4 (3.1–3.7)*** |
Among women with first birth before migration | n = 179 | n = 57 | n = 117 | |
1–2 births, % | NA | 86.2 (80.2–90.6) | 8.7 (3.7–19.3) | 32.0 (24.5–40.5) |
≥3 births, % | NA | 13.8 (9.4–19.8) | 91.3 (80.7–96.3) | 68.0 (59.5–75.5) |
mean | NA | 1.6 (1.4–1.7) | 7.2 (6.4–8.1) | 3.8 (3.5–4.2) |
Among women with first birth after migration † | n = 72 | n = 50 | n = 65 | |
1–2 births, % | NA | 92.7 (81.6–97.3) | 30.8 (18.3–46.8)*** | 72.9 (60.1–82.7)*** |
≥3 births, % | NA | 7.3 (2.7–18.4) | 69.2 (53.2–81.7)*** | 27.1 (17.3–39.9)*** |
mean | NA | 1.7 (1.5–2.0) | 4.2 (3.6–4.73)*** | 2.4 (2.1–2.7)*** |
Women with at least one birth, model-adjusted d % | 61.0 (56.3–65.6) | 76.4 (72.0–80.3)*** | 85.7 (80.8–89.5)*** | 83.9 (80.2–87.1)*** |
Induced abortions
General population | Russian | Somali | Kurdish | |
---|---|---|---|---|
18–29 years a | n = 181 | n = 83 | n = 65 | n = 63 |
Survey data 1, women with at least one induced abortion, % | 6.6 (3.6–11.8) | 19.6 (11.4–31.5)** | 0.7 (0.1–3.9)* | 3.6 (1.0–11.8) |
Register data 2, women with at least one induced abortion, % | 7.0 (3.9–12.2) | 12.5 (6.1–23.8) | 17.6 (9.0–31.5)* | 6.2 (2.6–14.2) |
Combined data 3, women with at least one induced abortion % | 7.7 (4.5–13.1) | 20.0 (11.8–31.9)** | 18.5 (9.8–32.1)* | 7.8 (3.6–15.9) |
30–64 years b | n = 447 | n = 255 | n = 99 | n = 159 |
Survey data 1, women with at least one induced abortion, % | 16.4 (13.1–20.3) | 66.2 (59.7–72.1)*** | 1.1 (0.4–3.2)*** | 31.2 (24.6–38.6)*** |
Register data 2, women with at least one induced abortion, % | 17.7 (14.2–21.8) | 22.8 (17.6–29.1) | 7.6 (3.6–15.0)* | 21.8 (16.7–28.0) |
Combined data 3, women with at least one induced abortion, % | 20.8 (17.2–25.0) | 68.9 (62.5–74.7)*** | 10.1 (5.2–18.7)* | 37.8 (30.9–45.3)*** |
18–64 years c, combined data 3 | n = 682 | n = 308 | n = 164 | n = 222 |
no induced abortions, % | 83.2 (80.0–85.9) | 46.6 (41.2–52.0)***5 | 85.6 (77.6–91.1) | 71.8 (66.2–76.9)***5 |
one induced abortion, % | 13.5 (11.1–16.6) | 21.3 (16.8–26.5) | 8.4 (4.6–14.9) | 14.9 (11.1–19.8) |
≥2 induced abortions, % | 3.3 (2.2–5.0) | 32.2 (27.6–37.1) | 6.0 (2.7–12.8) | 13.2 (9.6–18.0) |
Mean number of abortions | ||||
among women who had at least one induced abortion | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) | 2.3 (2.1–2.6) *** | 2.0(1.5–2.5)** | 2.0 (1.6–2.2)*** |
among all women | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5)*** | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7)*** |
Women with at least one induced abortion, model-adjusted d % | 17.9 (14.7–21.6) | 60.0 (54.4–65.4)*** | NA | 35.3 (28.8–42.5)*** |
Comparison between data sets
General population | Russian | Somali | Kurdish | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Births | ||||
more self-reported in survey, % | 14.0 (11.6–16.8) | 36.1 (30.7–41.9) | 16.3 (11.7–22.3) | 24.2 (19.4–29.7) |
similar, % | 85.3 (82.5–87.7) | 63.8 (58.0–69.2) | 82.9 (76.8–87.7) | 74.9 (69.3–79.7) |
more in register, % | 0.7 (0.3–1.7) | 0.0 (NA) | 0.8 (NA) | 0.9 (NA) |
Cohen’s kappa | 0.75 | 0.46 | 0.69 | 0.56 |
Induced abortions | ||||
more self-reported in survey, % | 3.6 (2.4–5.3) | 38.6 (33.0–44.4) | 0.9 (0.4–2.1) | 8.3 (5.4–12.5) |
similar, % | 92.3 (90.0–94.1) | 58.5 (52.6–64.1) | 87.2 (80.1–92.0) | 83.9 (78.8–88.0) |
more in register, % | 4.1 (2.9–5.8) | 3.0 (1.6–5.6) | 11.9 (7.2–19.1) | 7.8 (5.1–11.9) |
Cohen’s kappa | 0.69 | 0.27 | −0.01 | 0.56 |