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Erschienen in: Der Urologe 1/2016

01.01.2016 | Leitthema

Blasenaugmentation und -ersatz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

verfasst von: R. Stein, L. Wessel, M. S. Michel

Erschienen in: Die Urologie | Ausgabe 1/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Indikation zur kontinenten Harnableitung oder BIasenaugmentation im Kindes- und Jugendalter muss nur selten gestellt werden. Bei Patienten mit einer neurogenen Blase ist die konservative Therapie mittels sauberer Selbstkatheterismus und Pharmakotherapie die Therapie der Wahl. Bei Patienten mit Blasenekstrophie oder inkontinenten Epispadie erfolgt heutzutage die primäre Rekonstruktion des unteren Harntraktes. Nur nach dem Versagen der maximalen konservativen Therapie bzw. dem Fehlschlagen der primären Rekonstruktion sollte eine Blasenaugmentation bzw. Harnableitung erwogen werden. Maligne Tumoren des unteren Harntraktes (z. B. Rhabdomyosarkome der Blase/Prostata) sind sehr seltene Indikationen.

Diskussion

Bei Patienten mit einer kleinkapazitären Low-compliance-Blase stellt die Augmentation der Blase mit Darmsegmenten oder in seltenen Fällen mit dem Ureter (bei funktionsloser Niere mitdilatierten Ureter) eine Option dar. Der CIC („clean intermittent catheterization“) ist in diesen Fällen meist obligat und Patienten, die nicht in der Lage sind den Katheterismus via Urethra durchzuführen, sollte ein kontinentes kutanes Stoma zum Entleeren der augmentierten Blase angeboten werden. Für Patienten mit einem irreparablen Sphinkterdefekt stellt neben dem Blasenhalsverschluss und der Augmentation der Blase mit Anlage eines kontinenten katheterisierbaren Stomas die kontinente kutane Harnableitung bzw. kontinente anale Harnableitung (bei suffizienten analen Sphinkter) eine gute Option dar.

Schlussfolgerung

In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden Vor- und Nachteile der verschiedenen Optionen der kontinenten Harnableitung und Blasenaugmentation im Kindes- und Jugendalter diskutiert.
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Metadaten
Titel
Blasenaugmentation und -ersatz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
verfasst von
R. Stein
L. Wessel
M. S. Michel
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Urologie / Ausgabe 1/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-7064
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7072
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-015-0006-0

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