Background
Methods
Study design
Selection of participants, recruitment and approval
All | 18–35 y.o. | 36–55 y.o. | |
---|---|---|---|
n
| 1081 | 704 | 377 |
Weight (kg)a
| 64.2 ± 11.9 | 62.4 ± 12.4 | 66.9 ± 13.3 |
Height (cm)a
| 161.6 ± 6.4 | 162.1 ± 6.4 | 160.9 ± 6.5 |
BMI (kg/m2)a
| 24.6 ± 4.9 | 25.9 ± 5.2 | 23.7 ± 4.4 |
Prevalence of overweight (%)b
| 24.8 | 20.9 | 30.6 |
Prevalence of obesity (%)b
| 11.0 | 7.7 | 15.9 |
Prevalence of excessive weight1 (%)b
| 35.7 | 28.6 | 46.4 |
Origin (%)b
| |||
Balearic Islands | 66.0 | 66.4 | 65.2 |
Regions of Spain | 21.1 | 18.4 | 26.1 |
South America | 9.0 | 11.0 | 5.4 |
Other countries | 3.9 | 4.3 | 3.3 |
Educational level (%)b
| |||
Low | 7.2 | 5.1 | 11.2 |
Medium | 53.0 | 58.1 | 43.6 |
High | 39.8 | 36.8 | 45.2 |
Professional profile (%)b
| |||
Student | 22.9 | 34.4 | 1.6 |
Unemployed | 7.7 | 6.5 | 9.9 |
Employed | 69.4 | 59.1 | 88.5 |
Leisure-time physical activity | |||
Yes | 59.1 | 58.6 | 60.0 |
No | 40.9 | 41.4 | 40.0 |
Anthropometric measurements
Body weight estimation
Body image perception
Weight concern
Current dieting
Socio-economic and lifestyle factors
Statistics
Results
Weight estimation
Underestimation | Correct | Overestimation | Don’t’ know/Don’t answer |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men (n = 451)
| 20.6 | 60.5 | 6.0 | 12.9 | |
Age (years) | |||||
18–35 | 18.1 | 60.4 | 7.4 | 14.1 | 0.032 |
36–55 | 27.2 | 60.8 | 2.4 | 9.6 | |
Origin | |||||
Balearic Islands | 19.8 | 61.4 | 5.9 | 12.9 | 0.218 |
Regions of Spain | 24.7 | 61.8 | 7.9 | 5.6 | |
South America | 18.5 | 48.1 | 7.4 | 12.7 | |
Other countries | 22.2 | 55.6 | 0.0 | 22.2 | |
Educational level | |||||
Low | 20.7 | 51.7 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 0.296 |
Medium | 18.9 | 59.8 | 6.3 | 15.0 | |
High | 23.2 | 62.8 | 4.3 | 9.8 | |
Professional profile | |||||
Student | 13.2 | 52.1 | 9.9 | 24.8 | <0.001 |
Unemployed | 26.9 | 57.7 | 3.8 | 11.5 | |
Employed | 23.3 | 64.5 | 4.4 | 7.8 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
Normal-weight | 9.9 | 69.8 | 7.3 | 12.9 | <0.001 |
Overweight | 28.4 | 53.1 | 4.9 | 13.6 | |
Obesity | 45.3 | 41.5 | 1.9 | 11.3 | |
LTPA | |||||
Yes | 18.8 | 63.6 | 6.7 | 10.9 | 0.073 |
No | 23.8 | 54.6 | 3.8 | 17.7 | |
Women (n = 630)
| 17.5 | 63.0 | 4.1 | 15.4 | |
Age (years) | |||||
18–35 | 14.0 | 64.6 | 5.6 | 15.9 | 0.009 |
36–55 | 22.6 | 60.7 | 2.0 | 14.7 | |
Origin | |||||
Balearic Islands | 16.4 | 64.2 | 3.9 | 15.6 | 0.186 |
Regions of Spain | 19.8 | 64.9 | 2.3 | 13.0 | |
South America | 14.9 | 59.7 | 4.5 | 20.9 | |
Other countries | 30.4 | 47.8 | 13.0 | 8.7 | |
Educational level | |||||
Low | 14.6 | 58.3 | 6.3 | 20.8 | 0.373 |
Medium | 18.3 | 60.5 | 4.2 | 17.0 | |
High | 17.3 | 67.7 | 3.1 | 11.9 | |
Professional profile | |||||
Student | 12.3 | 59.0 | 4.9 | 23.8 | 0.010 |
Unemployed | 25.0 | 51.8 | 1.8 | 21.4 | |
Employed | 18.4 | 65.3 | 4.3 | 12.0 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
Normal-weight | 11.3 | 70.7 | 4.4 | 13.6 | <0.001 |
Overweight | 25.6 | 53.2 | 2.6 | 18.6 | |
Obesity | 36.8 | 38.2 | 2.9 | 22.1 | |
LTPA | |||||
Yes | 18.9 | 66.4 | 2.5 | 12.3 | 0.014 |
No | 16.3 | 59.0 | 5.9 | 18.9 |
Body image satisfaction
Dissatisfied being underweight | Satisfied | Dissatisfied being overweight |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Men (n = 451)
| 15.3§ | 32.9§ | 51.8§ | |
Age (years) | ||||
18–35 | 19.6§ | 35.8§ | 44.5§ | <0.001 |
36–55 | 4.1 | 25.2† | 70.7‡ | |
Origin | ||||
Balearic Islands | 15.8§ | 27.9† | 56.4§ | 0.132 |
Regions of Spain | 11.4† | 42.0‡ | 46.6§ | |
South America | 14.8 | 40.7‡ | 44.4‡ | |
Other countries | 17.6 | 47.1‡ | 35.3‡ | |
Educational level | ||||
Low | 10.3 | 37.9† | 51.7‡ | 0.255 |
Medium | 18.1§ | 33.5§ | 48.4§ | |
High | 11.7‡ | 30.7† | 57.7§ | |
Professional profile | ||||
Student | 25.4‡ | 28.8† | 45.8§ | 0.008 |
Unemployed | 4.0 | 40.0‡ | 56.0‡ | |
Employed | 12.3§ | 33.8§ | 53.9§ | |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
Normal-weight | 27.2§ | 46.5§ | 26.3§ | <0.001 |
Overweight | 1.9 | 21.1§ | 77.0§ | |
Obesity | 2.0 | 7.8 | 90.2† | |
LTPA | ||||
Yes | 15.3§ | 36.0§ | 48.7§ | 0.032 |
No | 14.1‡ | 24.2† | 61.7§ | |
Women (n = 630)
| 3.9§ | 19.0§ | 77.1§ | |
Age (years) | ||||
18–35 | 5.6§ | 21.4§ | 73.0§ | 0.002 |
36–55 | 1.2 | 15.4† | 83.3‡ | |
Origin | ||||
Balearic Islands | 2.9§ | 19.5† | 77.6§ | 0.034 |
Regions of Spain | 3.1† | 23.3‡ | 73.6§ | |
South America | 10.6 | 12.1‡ | 77.3‡ | |
Other countries | 4.3 | 8.7‡ | 87.0‡ | |
Educational level | ||||
Low | 4.3 | 14.9† | 80.9‡ | 0.849 |
Medium | 4.2§ | 18.3§ | 77.5§ | |
High | 3.5‡ | 20.9† | 75.6§ | |
Professional profile | ||||
Student | 9.1‡ | 17.4† | 73.6§ | 0.007 |
Unemployed | 1.8 | 10.9‡ | 87.3‡ | |
Employed | 2.8§ | 20.7§ | 76.6§ | |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
Normal-weight | 4.5§ | 27.5§ | 68.1§ | <0.001 |
Overweight | 0.6 | 1.9§ | 97.4§ | |
Obesity | 0.0 | 1.5 | 98.5† | |
LTPA | ||||
Yes | 1.9§ | 22.6§ | 75.5§ | 0.004 |
No | 6.0‡ | 15.3† | 78.7§ |
Weight concern
Not at all | A little | A lot |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Men (n = 451)
| 60.6§ | 35.8§ | 3.6§ | |
Age (years) | ||||
18–35 | 65.1§ | 32.9† | 2.0§ | 0.001 |
36–55 | 48.7§ | 43.4† | 8.0† | |
Origin | ||||
Balearic Islands | 59.8§ | 37.0‡ | 3.3§ | 0.181 |
Regions of Spain | 57.3‡ | 39.0 | 3.7† | |
South America | 58.3‡ | 29.2 | 12.5† | |
Other countries | 81.3‡ | 18.8 | 0.0 | |
Educational level | ||||
Low | 57.1† | 32.1 | 10.7 | 0.165 |
Medium | 63.8§ | 33.2‡ | 3.0§ | |
High | 56.1§ | 40.5† | 3.4§ | |
Professional profile | ||||
Student | 62.3§ | 34.2 | 3.5§ | 0.935 |
Unemployed | 52.2† | 43.5 | 4.3† | |
Employed | 60.1§ | 36.2§ | 3.7§ | |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
Normal-weight | 71.5§ | 27.1§ | 1.4§ | <0.001 |
Overweight | 45.1§ | 50.7 | 4.2§ | |
Obesity | 59.2§ | 28.6 | 12.2† | |
LTPA | ||||
Yes | 59.2§ | 37.0‡ | 3.8§ | 0.864 |
No | 62.1§ | 34.5† | 3.4§ | |
Women (n = 630)
| 34.1§ | 47.8§ | 18.1§ | |
Age (years) | ||||
18–35 | 38.5§ | 42.2† | 19.4§ | 0.003 |
36–55 | 27.4§ | 56.5† | 16.1† | |
Origin | ||||
Balearic Islands | 34.2§ | 49.9‡ | 16.0§ | 0.019 |
Regions of Spain | 37.2‡ | 47.9 | 14.9† | |
South America | 27.4‡ | 37.1 | 35.5† | |
Other countries | 38.1‡ | 42.9 | 19.0 | |
Educational level | ||||
Low | 28.3† | 54.3 | 17.4 | 0.512 |
Medium | 36.1§ | 44.4‡ | 19.4§ | |
High | 32.6§ | 51.0† | 16.3§ | |
Professional profile | ||||
Student | 37.4§ | 40.9 | 21.7§ | 0.052 |
Unemployed | 26.5† | 42.9 | 30.6† | |
Employed | 33.8§ | 50.4§ | 15.8§ | |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
Normal-weight | 39.3§ | 48.5§ | 12.3§ | <0.001 |
Overweight | 20.7§ | 51.0 | 28.3§ | |
Obesity | 24.2§ | 46.8 | 29.0† | |
LTPA | ||||
Yes | 35.6§ | 49.1‡ | 15.2§ | 0.169 |
No | 32.4§ | 46.3† | 21.3§ |
Current dieting
Yes | No |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|
Men (n = 451)
| 14.0 | 86.0 | |
Age (years) | |||
18–35 | 10.7 | 89.3 | 0.107 |
36–55 | 16.3 | 83.7 | |
Origin | |||
Balearic Islands | 13.0 | 87.0 | 0.460 |
Regions of Spain | 13.6 | 86.4 | |
South America | 12.5 | 87.5 | |
Other countries | 0.0 | 100.0 | |
Educational level | |||
Low | 10.7 | 89.3 | 0.964 |
Medium | 12.5 | 87.5 | |
High | 12.3 | 87.7 | |
Professional profile | |||
Student | 12.0 | 88.0 | 0.972 |
Unemployed | 11.5 | 88.5 | |
Employed | 12.7 | 87.3 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||
Normal-weight | 7.1 | 92.9 | 0.001 |
Overweight | 15.6 | 84.4 | |
Obesity | 24.5 | 75.5 | |
LTPA | |||
Yes | 14.5 | 85.5 | 0.038 |
No | 7.3 | 92.7 | |
Women (n = 630)
| 15.3 | 84.7 | |
Age (years) | |||
18–35 | 14.2 | 85.8 | 0.316 |
36–55 | 17.1 | 82.9 | |
Origin | |||
Balearic Islands | 15.9 | 84.1 | 0.368 |
Regions of Spain | 10.9 | 89.1 | |
South America | 19.7 | 80.3 | |
Other countries | 13.0 | 87.0 | |
Educational level | |||
Low | 16.7 | 83.3 | 0.782 |
Medium | 16.0 | 84.0 | |
High | 14.1 | 85.9 | |
Professional profile | |||
Student | 14.2 | 85.8 | 0.616 |
Unemployed | 19.6 | 80.4 | |
Employed | 15.0 | 85.0 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||
Normal-weight | 10.5 | 89.5 | <0.001 |
Overweight | 20.9 | 79.1 | |
Obesity | 34.3 | 65.7 | |
LTPA | |||
Yes | 17.2 | 82.8 | 0.227 |
No | 13.7 | 86.3 |