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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 7/2021

21.05.2021 | Borderline Typus | Leitthema

Neurobiologische Grundlagen der Borderline-Störung: eine Integration in das ICD-11-Modell der Persönlichkeitsstörungen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. Katja Bertsch, Prof. Dr. Sabine C. Herpertz

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 7/2021

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) ist eine schwere psychische Störung, die mit weitreichenden Beeinträchtigungen im Selbst und in interpersonellen Funktionen einhergeht. Nicht zuletzt vor dem Hintergrund der breiten Datenbasis bleibt die BPS als einzige kategoriale Persönlichkeitsdiagnose in der International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) 11 bestehen, wenn auch gekoppelt an die Feststellung von Schweregraden von Beeinträchtigungen. Wir müssen uns also spätestens mit deren Inkrafttreten 2022 mit einer dimensionalen Konzeptualisierung von Persönlichkeitsstörungen auseinandersetzen, welche auch durch neurowissenschaftliche Daten unterstützt wird.

Ziel der Arbeit

Dieses narrative Review gibt einen Überblick über neurowissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zu Beeinträchtigungen im Selbst und in interpersonellen Funktionen bei Patienten mit BPS.

Ergebnisse

Veränderungen im medialen präfrontalen Kortex, temporoparietalen Übergang und Präcuneus mediieren Defizite im selbstreferenziellen Denken und Mentalisieren der Gefühle und Intentionen anderer. Erhöhte Konnektivität zwischen Amygdala und Mittellinienstrukturen sind mit Hypermentalisierung assoziiert, die gleichzeitig erhöhte Insulaaktivierung scheint dem verstärkten unreflektierten Teilen von Gefühlen anderer Menschen zu unterliegen. Frontolimbische Veränderungen sind transdiagnostisch mit defizitärer Emotionsregulation und negativer Affektivität assoziiert, Veränderungen in Belohnungs- und kognitiven Kontrollregionen mit Impulsivität.

Diskussion

Neurowissenschaftliche Befunde tragen zum besseren Verständnis zugrunde liegender Mechanismen zentraler Funktionsbeeinträchtigungen der BPS bei und können den Übergang zu ICD-11 und die Implementierung neuer Interventionen unterstützen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Neurobiologische Grundlagen der Borderline-Störung: eine Integration in das ICD-11-Modell der Persönlichkeitsstörungen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. Katja Bertsch
Prof. Dr. Sabine C. Herpertz
Publikationsdatum
21.05.2021
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Schlagwort
Borderline Typus
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 7/2021
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-021-01133-w

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