Background
Methods
Study design
Participants section
Procedures
Breastfeeding motivation score (BMFS)
Ethics and data protection
Statistical methods
Results
Characteristics | Proposed breastfeeding plan | ||
---|---|---|---|
Breastfeeding after delivery | exclusive (n = 2608) | partial (n = 553) | none (n = 407) |
Proposed duration of breastfeeding | |||
no information | 1645 (62.8%) | 365 (65.9%) | 407 (100.0%) |
≤4 months | 164 (6.3%) | 133 (24.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
5 – 6 months | 647 (24.7%) | 50 (9.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
>6 months | 162 (6.2%) | 6 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Breastfeeding motivation score | 7 (7; 10) | 4 (4; 6) | 1 (1; 2) |
Age of mother > 25 years | 1710 (65.6%) | 304 (55.2%) | 223 (54.8%) |
Multiparous | 1116 (42.8%) | 223 (40.5%) | 260 (64.2%) |
Birth mode | 1826 (70.0%) | 349 (63.1%) | 250 (61.7%) |
spontaneous | 678 (26.0%) | 180 (32.6%) | 150 (37.0%) |
caesarean section other | 104 (4.0%) | 24 (4.3%) | 5 (1.2%) |
Year of delivery | |||
2004 – 2005 | 1067 (40.9%) | 248 (44.9%) | 178 (43.8%) |
2006 – 2008 | 1544 (59.1%) | 305 (55.2%) | 229 (56.3%) |
Prenatal class | 1384 (54.4%) | 190 (35.1%) | 95 (24.0%) |
German nationality | 2538 (97.2%) | 541 (97.8%) | 403 (99.3%) |
Education level | |||
low | 298 (11.7%) | 96 (17.9%) | 128 (33.2%) |
medium | 1376 (53.8%) | 340 (63.3%) | 235 (60.9%) |
high | 882 (34.5%) | 101 (18.8%) | 23 (6.0%) |
Average income; €/month | 866 (505; 1342) | 671 (438; 1163) | 518 (359; 866) |
Married | 1041 (39.9%) | 173 (31.2%) | 131 (32.4%) |
Gestational week before week 37 | 306 (11.7%) | 80 (14.5%) | 48 (11.8%) |
Alcohol consumption | |||
once a month | 613 (23.6%) | 122 (22.4%) | 89 (22.1%) |
more than once a month | 77 (3.0%) | 8 (1.5%) | 4 (1.0%) |
Smoking during pregnancy | 321 (12.7%) | 128 (24.3%) | 165 (42.9%) |
Inpatient stay during pregnancy | 832 (31.9%) | 209 (37.8%) | 135 (33.3%) |
Motivation for exclusive breastfeeding: univariate analysis
Variable | Proposed breastfeeding plan RR (95% CI) | Proposed duration of breastfeeding RR (95% CI) | BFMS RR (95% CI) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
exclusive vs. none | partial vs. none | 1-4 months vs. no info | 5-6 months vs. no info | >6 months vs. no info | ||
Age of mother > 25 years | 1.57 (1.27; 1.94)* | 1.02 (0.79; 1.31) | 0.66 (0.52; 0.84)* | 1.08 (0.91; 1.29) | 1.09 (0.78; 1.51) | 1.07 (1.04; 1.09)* |
Multiparous | 0.42 (0.34; 0.52)* | 0.38 (0.29; 0.49)* | 0.72 (0.56; 0.92)* | 0.59 (0.50; 0.70)* | 1.16 (0.84; 1.59) | 0.91 (1.04; 1.09)* |
Birth mode | ||||||
caesarean vs. spont. | 0.62 (0.50; 0.77)* | 0.86 (0.66; 1.13) | 1.14 (0.87; 1.48) | 1.07 (0.88; 1.29) | 1.09 (0.78; 1.54) | 0.96 (0.93; 0.99)* |
other vs. spont. | 2.85 (1.15; 7.05)* | 3.44 (1.29; 9.13)* | 1.27 (0.68; 2.37) | 1.67 (1.12; 2.50)* | 0.73 (0.26; 2.04) | 1.07 (1.01; 1.14)* |
Year of delivery | ||||||
2006/08 vs. 2004/05 | 1.12 (0.91; 1.39) | 0.96 (0.74; 1.24) | 1.00 (0.79; 1.28) | 1.12 (0.94; 1.32) | 1.44 (1.04; 2.00)* | 1.04 (1.01; 1.07)* |
Prenatal class | 3.78 (2.97; 4.83)* | 1.72 (1.28; 2.29)* | 0.92 (0.72; 1.18) | 1.98 (1.66; 2.36)* | 1.28 (0.93; 1.75) | 1.21 (1.18; 1.24)* |
German vs. foreign nationality | 0.26 (0.08; 0.84)* | 0.34 (0.09; 1.20) | 3.72 (0.90; 15.29) | 1.32 (0.72; 2.42) | 0.30 (0.16; 0.55)* | 0.90 (0.83; 0.97)* |
Education level | ||||||
medium vs. low | 2.52 (1.96; 3.23)* | 1.92 (1.41; 2.64)* | 1.61 (1.12; 2.30)* | 2.21 (1.65; 2.98)* | 1.05 (0.64; 1.71) | 1.21 (1.16; 1.26)* |
high vs. low | 16.5 (10.4; 26.2)* | 5.86 (3.47; 9.89)* | 0.92 (0.60; 1.40) | 2.36 (1.72; 3.23)* | 2.02 (1.23; 3.30)* | 1.39 (1.34; 1.45)* |
Average income; | 1.15 (1.12; 1.19)* | 1.09 (1.06; 1.13)* | 0.97 (0.95; 0.99)* | 1.02 (1.01; 1.04)* | 1.03 (0.99; 1.06)* | 1.01 (1.00; 1.02)* |
€/per month | ||||||
Solid partnership | 1.39 (1.11; 1.73)* | 0.95 (0.72; 1.25) | 0.68 (0.52; 0.88)* | 0.83 (0.69; 0.99)* | 0.93 (0.68; 1.29) | 1.03 (1.01; 1.05)* |
Gestational week | 1.01 (0.73; 1.39) | 0.79 (0.54; 1.16) | 1.30 (0.87; 1.93) | 1.10 (0.85; 1.43) | 1.28 (0.77; 2.15) | 1.03 (0.99; 1.07) |
>37 vs. ≤ 37 | ||||||
Lung maturation | 1.26 (0.84; 1.89) | 1.55 (0.97; 2.48) | 0.91 (0.58; 1.42) | 1.16 (0.86; 1.54) | 0.91 (0.51; 1.64) | 1.02 (0.98; 1.07) |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
once a month vs. none | 1.12 (0.87; 1.44) | 1.03 (0.75; 1.40) | 1.20 (0.91; 1.58) | 1.34 (1.10; 1.63)* | 1.03 (0.70; 1.51) | 1.04 (1.01; 1.07)* |
> once a month | 3.13 (1.14; 8.62)* | 1.50 (0.45; 5.02) | 0.32 (0.08; 1.34) | 1.85 (1.13; 3.01)* | 3.22 (1.63; 6.35)* | 1.19 (1.10; 1.28)* |
Smoking during pregnancy | 0.19 (0.15; 0.24)* | 0.43 (0.32; 0.57)* | -a
| -a
| -a
| 0.63 (0.60; 0.65)* |
Inpatient stay during pregnancy | 0.93 (0.75; 1.17) | 1.22 (0.93; 1.59) | 1.02 (0.79; 1.32) | 0.99 (0.82; 1.18) | 0.92 (0.65; 1.29) | 0.98 (0.96; 1.01) |
Motivation of breastfeeding: multiple logistic regression analysis
Breastfeeding motivation score Relative risk (95% confidence interval) | |
---|---|
Multipara v. primipara | 0.94 (0.9, 0.97); p < 0.001 |
Sectio vs. spontaneous delivery | 0.95 (0.92, 0.98); p = 0.001 |
Smoking during pregnancy | 0.68 (0.65, 0.71); p < 0.001 |
Delivery in 2006 – 2008 vs. 2004 - 2005 | 1.04 (1.01, 1.06); p = 0.010 |
Attending prenatal classes | 1.08 (1.05, 1.11); p < 0.001 |
German nationality | 0.92 (0.84, 0.99); p = 0.036 |
Medium vs. low education level | 1.05 (1.01, 1.10); p = 0.030 |
High vs. low education level | 1.11 (1.05, 1.17); p < 0.001 |
Alcohol once a month vs. no alcohol | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07); p = 0.014 |
Alcohol more than once a month vs. no alcohol | 1.15 (1.06, 1.24); p = 0.001 |