British Society of Breast Radiology

Sensitivity of 2DMM is limited which can cause uncertain evaluation of soft tissue masses; resulting in higher recall rates. This study compares margin visibility of masses on DBT and 2DMM to determine whether DBT can help predict benign lesions based on margin visibility, reducing recall and biopsy rate.

Retrospective study included women who were recalled from screening between 2017-2018 for benign looking lesions who underwent DBT and biopsy. Reader blind to biopsy results analyzed DBT and 2DMM images. Biopsy necessity was recorded as well as margin visibility which was categorised according to greatest percentage seen: Category I (0-25%) = border of the total margin visible, Category II= 26-50%, Category III= 51-75%, Category IV= 76-100%.

DBT identified 128 lesions as compared to 126 on 2DMM. Of 128 lesions; 12 malignant and 116 benign. Benign lesions demonstrated higher margin visibility on DBT, with 104 classified in Category III/IV compared with only 24 in the same category on 2DMM. There was a high degree of correlation between low margin visibility and risk of malignancy on DBT; with 10/12 malignant lesions in Category I/II, compared with 2/12 in Category III/IV. One B4 lesion with a Category IV margin was identified as a rare low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma with DCIS in situ. Inclusion of DBT to 2DMM would have reduced the number of biopsies by 66%.

DBT results in greater visualization of circumscribed masses; improved analysis of margin detail aiding in better prediction of both benign and malignant lesions, and reduction in the benign biopsy rate.

Electromagnetic radio-wave imaging is a new modality for medical diagnosis applications. MARIA® (Micrima Limited, Bristol UK) is a commercially available radio-wave breast imaging system that utilises the ability to detect the contrast in the dielectric properties between different tissue types. Radio-wave is non-ionising, and MARIA® requires no breast compression. Clinical trials [1] to date has shown evidence in identifying regions of interest requiring further diagnosis, one of which can be biopsy. This work presents the feasibility of how MARIA® could be used to first identify the area of investigation, provide a biopsy needle, and then guide it for biopsy examination.

A lesion mimicking phantom was placed within the image domain of MARIA®’s hemispherical array which compromises of 60 radio-wave antennas. The antenna closest to the identified phantom lesion location was then used to allow insertion of a biopsy needle. Further radio-wave signal was acquired as the needle was being inserted closer to the target, this provide a closed-loop feedback continuous guidance control. Figure 1 summarises the result.

This is the first presentation of any experimental result for a needle biopsy using radio-wave imagining and guidance. With further technical development, a patient breast scan and subsequence biopsy examination could be conducted over a single diagnostic session using MARIA® system.

[1] Share, M et al. (2019). “MARIA® M5: A multicentre clinical study to evaluate the ability of the Micrima radio-wave radar breast imaging system (MARIA®) to detect lesions in the symptomatic breast”, European Journal of Radiology, July 2019, Volume 116, Pages 61-67.

Readers who report screening mammograms in the NHS Breast Screening Programme participate annually in the PERFORMS educational scheme. The real-life performance of all readers is recorded in the Breast Screening Information System (BSIS).  The real-life cancer detection rates and recall rates of 447 readers over a three year period were acquired from BSIS.  These were matched to the individuals ‘area under the curve’ (AUC) scores derived from ROC analysis of their PERFORMS test set results. Real-life performance data from BSIS is frequently presented in the form of scatter plots of cancer detection rate plotted against  recall rate. PERFORMS AUCs were found to vary significantly by the quadrant into which a participants real-life performance fell on the scatterplot. Screeners with high sensitivity and specificity in real-life, and those with high sensitivity and low specificity in real-life had significantly higher PERFORMS AUC scores than screeners with low sensitivity and specificity in real-life (ANOVA F(3, 443) = 5.61, p< .001, ω²= .03). In Pearson correlations, AUC exhibited a significant positive correlation with real-life cancer detection rates (r = +.19, n = 447, p < .0001, two tails), but not with real-life recall rates (r = -.06, n = 447, p = n.s., two tails).

PERFORMS ROC scores can differentiate readers whose real-life screening performance is poor in terms of sensitivity and specificity from readers whose real-life screening performance is characterised by high sensitivity.

The study assessed a Masking Risk Index tool to predict the likelihood of a larger cancer being found. The tool can then be applied to predict cases where larger cancers might be found at a subsequent screening round, thus identifying a sub-population that would benefit from supplemental imaging for the detection of cancer at an earlier round.

The Masking Risk Index tool was tested on the contralateral (disease-free) mammograms of women recalled from screening, aged 54 to 83, acquired from a single vendor between 2011 and 2013. 361 lesions (352 cases) from circumscribed and spiculated invasive cancer cases, diameters ranging from 2mm to 105mm, were included in the study; 208 of the lesions were <15mm. A masking index threshold >0.3 equals masked.

A linear mixed-effects model was used to investigate the association between masking index and lesion size, where hierarchical categories were treated as random effects. The model indicated that for each 0.1 increase in the masking index, the detectable lesion size was expected to rise by 5.6% (p=0.01). Using the chi-square test, where cut-off values from masking index and lesion size were 0.3 and 15mm respectively, conveyed that lesions with masking index ≥0.3 showed significantly higher frequencies of large tumour (p=0.03). This was further confirmed using a Mann-Whitney U-test (15.0 [11.0, 20.5] mm vs. 13.0 [9.0, 18.0] mm, p=0.03).

The use of decision algorithms such as the Masking Risk Index tool can ensure efficient selection of women who would benefit most from supplemental imaging while avoiding its overuse.

Radiographic mammary calcifications occur in approximately 40% of breast cancers and are often the sole feature to indicate tumour presence. Around 50% of breast biopsies performed for non-palpable mammographic abnormalities are to assess microcalcification. There is significant, growing, international academic interest in the nature of such pathological calcifications, which may be a feature of many types of lesion, including prostate, ovarian, uterine and thyroid, as well as breast cancer. The number of papers in Pubmed on apatite/hydroxyapatite calcifications in cancer has more than doubled in the last five years partly due to the growing recognition that calcifications can result from increased expression of bone matrix proteins in cancer cells and also due to evidence of a role in proliferation and migration of tumour cells.

The composition and material characteristics of calcifications remain poorly understood. A detailed understanding of physicochemistry / pathology relationships is required before translation to the clinic. There is also a growing recognition that the presence and physical form of calcifications is linked to prognosis, but calcification chemistry as a prognostic indicator remains entirely unexplored.

The current state of the art in terms of clinical significance of calcification chemistry will be presented and the potential for new diagnostic and prognostic markers explored.

Women attending for routine breast screening may be recalled for an assessment due to clinical signs or symptoms, to rule out mammographically occult disease. At recall, further imaging, clinical examination +/- needle sampling is performed. National standards: “To minimise the number of women screened who are referred for further tests”. Anecdotally clinical recalls are not felt to yield a high cancer detection rate.

Can the clinical signs described by ladies or the mammographers be dismissed without further assessment by

5,689 recalled to assessment - 173 (3%) for a clinical recall, 136 were lumps.

108 women were returned to routine screening with no abnormalities found, a further 63 discharged with benign findings.

10 core biopsies performed:

– two women diagnosed with a breast malignancy – in retrospect both had subtle signs on mammography.

The cancer detection rate in this group of women is considerably lower than the NHS BSP target of 3.6 per 1000. Minimising harm from screening is essential and includes unnecessary assessment. This work suggests that clinical recalls without additional mammographic abnormality do not yield a sufficiently high cancer detection rate to justify their recall. This could reduce numbers in assessment clinics staffed by a markedly dwindling workforce. Collaboration with neighbouring screening units is being pursued to evaluate this with larger numbers.

The aim of this poster is to improve awareness and understanding of pathological breast manifestations of systemic diseases. Several systemic illnesses that can affect the breast will be discussed and we will summarise key clinical features and histopathology for each condition. Furthermore, we will discuss the imaging findings associated with each disease using multi-modality radiological examples.

The majority of breast pathology primarily focuses on breast cancer with little emphasis placed on how systemic illness can affect the breast; often giving rise to concern related to diagnosis and treatment. Women exhibiting breast manifestations of systematic disease may present with a variety of symptoms such as a mass, skin changes and focal pain, with or without mammographic abnormalities. After excluding primary breast malignancy or benign primary breast pathology, evaluation for systemic disease should be considered in these patients where diagnosis remains unclear.

Radiological features of systematic disease can mimic those of primary breast malignancy giving rise to diagnostic challenges, even if the underlying disease is known. Features of systematic disease may be apparent on mammography, ultrasound, CT and MRI, athough are often not well recognised. It is therefore important for radiologists to distinguish some of the key imaging features associated with these conditions when interpreting these modalities.

Breast cancer must always be strongly considered in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with breast symptoms. However, despite the rarity of systemic disease involvement, radiologists should have a good overall understanding of associated breast features to aid in appropriate evaluation and treatment of patients.

Paget’s disease is highly associated with underlying ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS). However, the diagnosis is often underestimated for radiographically occult DCIS. Surgeons find it difficult to determine the appropriate management as surgical options vary depending on disease extent. Many case studies have reported the benefits of MRI in detecting underlying DCIS.

We carried out a retrospective study on patients diagnosed with Paget’s diseases from 1st January 2012 to 31st March 2019 in 3 district general hospitals where MRI is not part of routine workup for Paget’s disease.

25 females (mean age 67) were diagnosed with Paget’s disease. Majority presented with nipple-areolar skin changes (21/25). All patients except one were assessed with mammogram and ultrasound. 5 patients had preoperative MRI. 22/25 patients were managed surgically (15 wide local excision; 7 mastectomies).Paget's disease with underlying DCIS identified on 16/22 surgical specimens (73%). 3/16 patients with DCIS demonstrated invasive disease. There was low detection rate of DCIS on pre-operative conventional imaging with only 6/16 DCIS detected. Multifocal DCIS was diagnosed on MRI in one patient with resultant mastectomy. Another patient had mastectomy for DCIS which was shown to be more extensive on MRI than mammogram. However, 3 patients needed repeat surgeries due to margin involvement, disease recurrence and widespread distribution of Paget’s disease. None of them had been assessed with MRI.

Given the potential for MRI to more accurately detect and size concomitant pathology, we propose that all patients with Paget’s disease have pre-operative MRI to allow appropriate surgical management from the outset.

Considering the infrequency of the disease and associated poor prognosis, it is important to understand imaging characteristics that may help in the detection and diagnosis. We present a pictorial review of breast lymphomas diagnosed at our unit.

Incidental breast lesions detected on non-breast imaging are not uncommon and increasing. We developed a referral pathway where-in breast incidentalomas are highlighted via a dedicated e-mail and reviewed by the breast radiology team. Following review, selected patients are then assessed at a breast one-stop clinic. We reviewed the effectiveness of this pathway and also evaluated the outcomes of these referrals.

29 patients were referred with incidental breast lesions; 26 were detected on CT, 2 on PETCT and 1 on MRI. Of the 29 patients, 8(27%) were deemed not to require any further assessment following breast radiology review and were discharged.

Of the 21 patients assessed in clinic, 12 had benign lesions and 6(21%) patients had malignant lesions. Some example images of both lesions are presented.

The new referral pathway was able to decrease the number of patients referred to 1 stop clinic following an incidental imaging detected lesion by a quarter.  This not only saves unnecessary anxiety and a trip to hospital for those patients but also frees up valuable 1-stop clinic appointments.

In line with previous studies, a fifth of incidental breast lesions proved malignant in this series (Incidental breast lesions detected on CT: what is their significance? BJR;Vol 83, Issue 987,P233-240 March 2010).

Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is a non-contrast, functional MR technique that essentially provides a pictorial map of tissue cellularity. Already considered an important imaging sequence in prostate and neurological MRI, DWI is now being recognised as having the potential for clinical utility in breast MRI by providing diagnostic quality images of breast cancer without the need for gadolinium containing contrast enhancement.

A pictorial review is presented of the various appearances of breast carcinoma on DWI. It includes imaging with 1.5T and 3T and presents DWI images at a range of b values and also corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps acquired on Philips (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Ingenia MR scanners with a dStream Breast 7 channel coil.

The emphasis of this presentation is on clinical utility and highlights the additional value of DWI sequences for women with mammographically dense breasts including those who have marked background parenchymal enhancement. The particular benefit of this technique to locally stage women with pregnancy associated breast cancer is also illustrated.

Images are included to illustrate typical appearances of triple negative, HER2+ and hormone sensitive carcinomas including lobular carcinoma on DWI. In addition, there are examples of the effective delineation of response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy obtained from using this technique. The presented cases include corresponding images from dynamic and/or subtracted dynamic sequences and other sequences and modalities, where appropriate, to aid illustration.

Most breast units follow strict guidelines regarding the use of MRI in primary breast malignancy. Some indications are widely accepted, however dense breast parenchymal pattern is often overlooked as a true indication. Our aim was to determine the number of patients in which MRI demonstrated further lesions undetected on conventional imaging, and if these rates were higher in women with dense breasts.

Records of all patients presenting to our unit 2017 with a primary breast malignancy who underwent MRI were analysed. Breast density graded on initial presenting mammogram. MRI reports reviewed to determine which studies led to further imaging and whether further pathology was identified.

In total, 434 primary breast cancers were diagnosed in our unit. Of these, 174 (40%) patients had an MRI as part of their diagnostic pathway. Following MRI, 63/174 (36%) patients required second look ultrasound. 21/63 subsequent studies were normal, patient therefore proceeded with surgery without MRI altering treatment plan.

In 42/63 patients (66.7%), further pathology was identified. 17/63 (27%) patients had further sites of malignancy. The majority of patients with further pathology identified on MRI had dense breasts (ACR 3 and 4); 12/17 (70.5%) of those with a further malignant lesion identified, and 20/25 (80%) of those with further benign lesion.

MRI is an extremely useful tool in the diagnostic pathway of patients for surgical planning. Although density is not currently a strict criteria for pre-treatment MRI, our results suggest that careful consideration/increased utilisation of MRI should be made in those with increased breast density.

MRI is increasingly used alongside conventional imaging in the diagnosis of breast malignancy, and has been publicised as the most reliable imaging technique to measure tumour size. However, there are concerns that MRI can lead to increased costs, over investigation of benign lesions, and treatment delays. Our purpose was to compare re-operative rates following wide local excision (WLE) in patients with and without pre-operative MRI, and to assess whether the addition of a pre-operative MRI causes significant treatment delays.

Records obtained of all patients presenting in 2017 with a confirmed histological diagnosis of breast malignancy, highlighting those undergoing WLE. Correlation with surgical pathological specimen and re-operative rates for positive margins in those patients with and without pre-operative MRI. Time from first presentation to treatment recorded in all patients.

In 2017, there were 434 cancer diagnoses in our unit. Of these, 273 (62.9%) underwent WLE. 91/ 273 patients undergoing WLE (33.3%) had a pre-operative MRI. 49/273 (17.9%) patients who underwent WLE required re-operative intervention for positive margins. Of those requiring re-operation, 35/49 (71.4%) had not undergone pre-operative MRI imaging. Mean time to treatment from initial presentation was 58 days (without MRI), 62 days (with MRI).

Pre-operative MRI is extremely beneficial in patients undergoing conservation surgery. A marginal increase in diagnostic time may reduce the possibility of positive margins and re-operation. There are comprehensive guidelines regarding indications for MRI, however we suggest careful consideration and potential increased utilisation in the pre-operative setting for those considering conservation, in order to reduce re-operative rates.

Breast density is a subject of interest and contention. This study’s objective was to gauge UK breast radiologists’ opinions on supplementary screening for women with dense breasts.

Anonymous survey deployed to members of the British Society of Breast Radiology.

123 responders of which: 84% document breast density; 8% have access to breast density software; 53% were aware of breast density associated increased relative risk of breast cancer. The design of the questionnaire allowed questions 5&6 to be skipped. It was assumed the 48/123 (39%) of responders who skipped these questions would not recommend supplementary screening. 75 clinicians did respond to questions 5&6. Of these 61 (81%) would offer supplementary screening for their patients, both NHS and private. 42% favoured digital breast tomosynthesis, 27% MRI, 20% breast ultrasound, 6% contrast enhanced mammography and 5% automated breast ultrasound. 59% expressed concern regarding false positives. 85/123 (69%) of responders believe we should be informing ladies of the reduced sensitivity of mammograms in the context of dense breasts. 36% believe we should be informing ladies of their heightened risk of malignancy. 28% expressed we should not be informing ladies of either of the latter two facts.

This survey demonstrates the variety of opinions on the controversial yet pressing issue of screening in the context of dense breasts. Availability of resources for reproducibly quantifying breast density is apparently poor. Attitudes expressed by responders hint at fears around limited breast imaging resources nationally. Further work is required to inform unified recommendations for women with dense breasts.

Results re-audit:447 patients 92.2% were returned to screening and 7.8% were recalled.14.4% of those had normal US and 85.6% had biopsies performed following ultrasound.66.6% were B1/B2,13.% were B3 lesions and 20% were cancers.

Newer breast oncoplastic conservation surgery such as pedicle perforator flap techniques (LICAP, MICAP) allow resection of large areas of DCIS or multifocal/multi-centric disease whilst maintaining good cosmetic outcomes. However, the perforator vessel to be used usually lies within the area requiring localisation. The focus is shifted from inserting the wire via the shortest route to not inserting the wire from the site of the vessel to ensure there is no damage.

We present some of our most challenging cases as well as how our service has evolved to accommodate these increasingly complex localisations.

The procedure will usually need to be stereotactic, but skin marking is ultrasound guided, thus increasing procedure time. The length of breast traversed is usually significantly greater, increasing the likelihood of wire migration and complications.

Once bracketed, surgeons will require multiple measurements to create a 3D rendering in their mind of the abnormal tissue.

Each case requires individual planning with the surgeon. At times in order to achieve good surgical margins, the bracketing is not for the lesion but to mark the limits of resection. Which makes targeting difficult and may mean the wire travels a much greater depth than would be ideal.

We have created a pro-forma for planning these cases. Any department where these procedures are being considered should also consider the added time taken to plan and execute accurate localisation. Newer techniques such as MAGSEED/Saviscout will help but still have limitations and cost implications.

Microcalcifications are a key feature of mammography. Calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) microcalcifications are associated with both benign and malignant breast tissue and spectroscopic analysis has previously shown microstructure and chemistry variation between different tissue pathologies. It is well documented that the surrounding tissue microenvironment differs between normal and cancerous cells, notably pH and bicarbonate concentration. In addition, environmental factors can impact the formation mechanisms, and therefore the chemistry, of hydroxyapatite microcalcifications. This study hypothesises that the tissue microenvironment governs the formation mechanisms of hydroxyapatite crystals in breast tissue.

Both crystallite size and non-uniform strain were found to increase with malignancy. An increase in crystallite size can be explained by a decreasing carbonate content with increasing malignancy. However, the increase in non-uniform strain is unexpected, but can be rationalised by differential substitution of carbonate into the hydroxyapatite lattice, controlled by the tissue microenvironment. An acidic extracellular pH is a characteristic feature of cancer cells. Our findings support a new hypothesis that pH and bicarbonate concentration can influence hydroxyapatite formation mechanisms through acidic precursors leading to differential carbonate substitutions. These cause measurable changes to the crystal microstructure, which act as novel biomarkers for breast malignancy.

NBIA Fellowship Programme has been developed to raise the profile of breast imaging, establish a gold standard post-CCT level breast radiology training programme and address the shortages in breast radiology work force by creating new routes of entry into the sub speciality. This 3 year rolling programme was developed in conjunction with HEE, who agreed to part fund the process.

A national fellowship model similar to Trans Interface Group(TIG) fellowships was developed. Working group with representation from the RCR, BSBR and several breast training units was set up. Eligibility criteria for centres to host a fellow were drawn. NHS Trusts from England were invited to apply by meeting eligibility criteria, demonstrating additional training capacity and securing the remainder of fellowship funding. A template business case was provided to assist with this. Entry criteria, curriculum, assessment and exit criteria for Fellowship were developed. Entry routes for international candidates were established. Posts advertised on NHS jobs and promoted via social media. Recruitment process was supported by South West deanery.

Fourteen eligible Trusts were approved. Fifteen fellowship applications received, ten interviewed and six fellows appointed for 2019 intake (three UK and three international). Candidates were matched to host centres based on their interview scores and centre preference. All candidates accepted offers.

There is demand for NBIA fellowships, both from breast training units and prospective fellows. Experience gained so far to help resolve teething issues, strengthen recruitment drive and attract a bigger number of high-calibre national and international candidates for next year's intake.

Increased numbers of cancer diagnoses and complexity of cases place huge demands on multidisciplinary meetings (MDT). Prior to September 2018, we held a once weekly breast MDT involving 3 hospitals within the Trust, with 30-50 clinicians in attendance. A mean number of 89 cases were discussed weekly, averaging 4 hours in duration. Options to reduce list length would benefit a considerable number of people, particularly radiologists preparing for the meeting, at a time when demands on radiology are growing exponentially.

In September 2018, a “triage/ protocolisation” MDT was established. Two days prior to the main meeting the patient list was reviewed by a smaller MDT group involving 3 Consultants (Radiologist, Oncologist and Surgeon), a breast care nurse and MDT coordinator. Standard protocols were devised for patients in which a diagnostic/ treatment pathway could be easily established. These included T1a/b NO, T4d, disease recurrence and metastatic disease.  These pathways could be implemented at triage MDM saving main MDM discussion.

Following implementation, the main MDM list reduced significantly (mean 89 cases to 57 cases). This reduced both preparation time and MDM attendance time.  In 24% of pre-operative patients, a treatment plan was established during the triage meeting. 62 day performance improved, followed by 2 months of 100% compliancy (not previously achieved since November 2017).

The implementation has received extremely positive feedback with a demonstrable reduction in MDM preparation and attendance time, and measurable increase in departmental efficiencies.  We would highly recommend a protocolisation/ triaging system to other Trusts.

The exponential rise in utilisation of CT imaging has led to an increase in detection of incidental breast lesions. These are usually directly referred to one stop breast clinic (OSBC) in many units. This can increase the workload of the already stretched breast services. We established a pathway to reduce unnecessary OSBC attendance and audited the results.

As per the pathway the CT radiologist would send a copy of the report to the Breast Radiologist. After reviewing the previous breast imaging, the Breast Radiologist would decide whether the patient needs referral to OSBC.

We aimed to determine if the established pathway reduced unnecessary OSBC attendance.

We collected cases of CT breast incidentalomas sent to the breast unit over a one year period (September 2016-17). Cases were collected via CT reports sent to breast radiologist, cases seen at OSBC and via Breast MDT.

22 cases were reviewed by the breast radiologist of which 13 (59%) did not need referral to OSBC as a result of the review. Of the 9 cases that were referred to OSBC, four were proven malignant, two proven benign, two patients died due to co-morbidities and one did not attend.

Our pathway avoided unnecessary OSBC appointments in two thirds of patients with CT breast incidentalomas. This enabled better utilisation of resources and reduced patient inconvenience.

On Ultrasound, 12 cases were well-defined solid lesions, 6 well-defined with mixed solid-cystic areas or with the appearance of fibrocystic disease, 2 demonstrated glandular tissue only and 1 had normal US features. Importantly 7(25%) demonstrated irregular or ill-defined masses. Of 25/28 cases where mammograms were performed, 3 were normal, 7 demonstrated asymmetric breast tissue, 9 well-defined masses,  3 partly well defined masses and 2(8%) were suspicious with ill-defined, irregular masses. 1 demonstrated parenchymal distortion.

2 cases presented as enhancing masses with type 1 enhancement curves on screening MRIs.

Histologically, PASH with cytological atypia may mimic angiosarcoma and other sarcomas.

The risks and benefits of screening women >70yrs are unclear. This retrospective National study seeks to provide evidence to help older women make informed choices.

Aggregate Scottish screening data (2010-2015) was interrogated. Data was categorised by age, recall rates, biopsy rates, and tumour characteristics were recorded. Linked Cancer Registry data (2009-2013) and death records generated breast cancer mortality data. Data was recorded according to age at diagnosis with minimum 5yr follow-up. Cause of death was categorised as ‘primary breast cancer death’ or ‘non-primary breast cancer death’.

Benefits of screening women >70yrs may be out-weighed by the risks as they are more likely to die of other causes. This information should be available to women when deciding whether to be screened.

NHSBSP high risk screening programme (HRSP) for family history and supradiaphragmatic irradiation (SRT) commenced in April 2013. The outcomes, cancer detection rates (CDR), and modality of detection in our institution were reviewed.

We retrospectively reviewed HRSP breast cancers between April 2013-2018. High risk category, diagnosis, lesion characteristics, imaging modality of cancer detection, biopsy method, and surgical histology were recorded.

There were 28 cancers (27/1160 screened) consisting of 19 invasive and 9 non-invasive cancers. Only 2 patients required MRI biopsy.

CDR was highest in BRCA1 women (42/1000; 13/313). All were invasive cancers. Cancers presented mainly as masses (92%; 12/13), with microcalcifications in only 1 patient. MRI had 100 % (9/9) detection rate. 6 had MRI and mammograms, with 4 mammogram occult cancers (67%).

There were 7 BRCA2 cancers consisting of 3 invasive and 4 DCIS (CDR 23/1000;7/307). Four were microcalcifications and 3 masses. There was 1 MRI detected mammographic occult cancer with a further 2 MRI detected malignant masses.

SRT had a CDR of 37.5/1000 (6/160) presenting as 4 masses and 2 microcalcification (4 invasive and 2 DCIS). Mammogram detected 4 and MRI detected 2 cancers.

There was only 1 Equivalent risk cancer (DCIS; CDR 16/1000, 1/63).

In summary, our study demonstrated that BRCA 1 carriers have the highest CDR, presenting mostly as masses, best detected on MRI, and frequently mammogram occult. BRCA 2 and SRT have a high rate of associated cancers, detected as microcalcification or masses, with a large proportion detected on mammograms. MRI biopsy was infrequently required.

Core biopsy is part of triple assessment. It allows for histological diagnosis leading to patient reassurance or malignant diagnosis, and guides further treatment. Complications are rare but it requires additional time in increasingly busy clinics. Malignancy is less likely to occur in younger patients. Our aim was to review this demographic and see if we could rely on benign imaging alone, thereby avoiding an unnecessary invasive procedure.

Patients aged 25 – 30 years who underwent a breast or axillary core biopsy in an 18-month period (Jan 1^st 2017 – June 30^th 2018) were included. Imaging was reviewed regarding radiological grading, specific ultrasound features and histological outcomes. Data was then compared to a 10-year review of all patients aged 25 – 30 years who had been diagnosed with breast cancer.

56 patients underwent biopsy. The majority, 66%, represented fibroadenomas. However, 3 were malignant, all with U4/U5 imaging. A single other case had U4 imaging but benign biopsy, which was felt to have been over called on retrospective review of the imaging. Within the 10-year review 19 patients in this age group had been diagnosed with a malignancy. 3/19 ultrasounds were graded as U3, all the others were U4 or above.

0.5% of all breast cancers diagnosed in our department in the last 10 years were in the 25 – 30 year group. If we had changed our local protocol to biopsy only U3 or above we would have captured all malignant lesions and safely prevented over two-thirds of unnecessary benign biopsies.

21 patients were from the prevalent round, all of whom had benign pathology. Fibroadenomas accounted for 57% of the mammographic findings in these patients.

57 of the lesions were characterised as well defined, including both round and lobulated lesions. Only 3 of these were B5 on final pathology (5%).

Best practice diagnostic breast guidelines recommend bilateral mammography when women aged 40 and above with suspected breast cancers are referred by their GP through the two-week wait (2-WW) pathway. Our study examines the outcome of opportunistic screening of the asymptomatic breast in this age band when women present with unilateral breast symptoms and compare this with the NHSBSP data from Breast Screening Information System (BSIS).

Retrospective observational study. Women aged 40-50y, referred to the Leeds Breast unit under 2-WW GP referral pathway between January 2018 and December 2018 were identified from the hospital electronic patient records. Those with bilateral symptoms were excluded. Clinic letters, radiology and pathology reports were reviewed along with MDT discussions.

1935 women out of a total of 2227 referrals were imaged (86.8%).Out of the 85 cancers in 81 women, 8 (9.9%) were in the asymptomatic breast (4.1 cancers/ 1000 breasts screened). 66 women had 83 biopsies on the asymptomatic side. 68 benign, 4 B3 and 11 malignant (34.10 biopsies/1000 breasts screened). Asymptomatic cancers were small (63% </= 20mm), node negative (63%) and 25% were DCIS. In 2017/2018, NHSBSP detected 8.42 cancers/ 1000 women and performed 17.98 biopsies/1000 women screened for both breasts nationally.

Considering both breasts are screened in NHSBSP, this study from a single breast unit has identified that opportunistic screening of contralateral breast in 40-50y group presenting symptomatically detects similar number of cancers to NHSBSP but with a higher proportion of biopsies to achieve this. Multicentre studies would be helpful to compare and reflect.

Invasive lobular cancer (ILC) constitutes 5-15% of all breast cancers and is frequently multicentric, multifocal and bilateral. Contrast-enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) improves the diagnostic accuracy in identifying these additional foci compared to conventional imaging, on which ILC is often occult. Consequently, surgical management changes in up to 50% of cases, in addition to potential overestimation of lesion size.

A retrospective observational study over a 10-year period of patients with a new histologically confirmed diagnosis of ILC, who had a preoperative contrast-enhanced breast MRI prior to surgical management. Lesion size on mammography, breast ultrasound and MRI was correlated with the post-operative histological size (which was considered as the gold standard) using the Bland-Altman analysis, with a ±5mm limit considered clinically concordance. Additional lesions identified on MRI were also analysed.

Between September 2007 and September 2017, 316 patients underwent breast MRI to exclude further disease after biopsy-proven ILC. 222 patients were included in this study. 113 additional lesions were identified on MRI in 77 patients (34.7%). Second-look ultrasound-guided biopsy was performed in 57.3% of the suspicious MRI lesions, of which 61.0% confirmed additional malignancy, thereby justifying any potential changes in surgical management.

With second-look ultrasound to prove the histology of additional foci found on MRI, this study provides supporting evidence for the targeted use of preoperative breast MRI in patients with ILC to optimise definitive surgical management by significantly correlating the size with final histology results and demonstrating low false positive rates.

Occasionally we encounter ‘breast lumps’ presenting at the symptomatic clinic that are not arising from the breast. Lesions arising from deeper in the chest wall can clinically feel like a breast lump and are therefore referred to a symptomatic breast clinic.

We have recently encountered 8 such cases at our institution and we present their imaging findings, histology and discuss management. Diagnoses included benign spindle cell tumour, desmoid type fibromatosis, inflammatory ‘mass’ (previous sternotomy), plasmacytoma, granular cell tumour, simple and atypical lipomas and a low grade MPNST (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour).

All lesions underwent ultrasound, the majority of these lesions were not in the mammographic field of view. MRI is a useful investigation to assess the anatomical location, characterise the tissue composition of the lesion and assess vascularity/enhancement.

Pre-operative histology was obtained for some of these lesions by US-guided core biopsy in our breast unit. In some cases, following MDT discussion, it was decided that referral to a specialist soft tissue sarcoma centre was the best option as there is a potential risk of biopsy tract seeding/contamination in cases of malignant soft tissue sarcoma. NICE recommends biopsy of suspected soft tissue sarcomas in specialist centres. Histology was not straightforward and several of these cases had external second opinions which altered the final histological diagnosis.

The ‘breast lump’ that is not arising from the breast can be a challenging scenario for breast radiologists, pathologists and surgeons as we are diagnosing and managing non-breast lesions outside our comfort zone.

Increasingly there is a push towards conservative management preventing over-treatment, yet patients with B3 lesions, not proven cancer, are still undergoing surgical excision.

This audit compares our practice with the national B3 management guidelines. Our centre performs first line 10G vacuum biopsy for all stereotactic biopsies. We compare lesions diagnosed by 14G ultrasound biopsy to those diagnosed by 10G stereotactic biopsy to determine if first line 10G biopsy can minimise upgrade rates and/or reduce surgery.

Women attending for screening mammograms as part of the NHSBSP are asked to report breast symptoms. Whilst perfoming screening mammograms, mammographers also asked to document any clinical signs they identify. These reported symptoms/signs can lead to recall on a clinical basis despite normal mammograms. Anecdotally, these recalls yield little pathology, potentially causing harm to women and utilising valuable clinic slots. This study evaluates cancer detection in this subset of women.

Retrospective audit was performed using electronic and paper records for women recalled to assessment by the NHSBSP for breast symptoms or signs between Jan 2014 and April 2015 despite normal two view digital mammography. Breast density was recorded in any cancers diagnosed. Descriptive statistics were performed.

Of 46178 women screened, 206 women were clinically recalled, 201 of whom had complete records available for analysis. Two women (2/201, 1%) were diagnosed with breast cancer at assessment. In both cases dense glandular tissue obscured the sonographically visible cancer. One of these women had a history of contralateral breast cancer (mastectomy). Thirty-four (34/199, 17%) clinically recalled women underwent intervention with benign results: 13 sets of core biopsies (13/199, 7%), 21 cyst aspirations (21/199, 11%). One cancer has subsequently been diagnosed in the reviewed population, contralateral to the site of clinical recall for symptoms.

Overall, these findings are consistent with the anecdotal understanding of a very low yield of breast cancer in this population, with arguable harm caused to a significant number of patients who were recalled.

Anecdotally, invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is more difficult to perceive on mammogram than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). The UK National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP) aims to detect breast carcinoma of all types mammographically. This study investigates the proportion of ILC and IDC detected in our Trust through the screening programme compared to our symptomatic breast service.

Trust paper and electronic medical records were analysed for all patients diagnosed with IDC or ILC between January 2013 and December 2014. Descriptive statistics were performed.

656 IDCs and 110 ILCs were diagnosed in females over the study period. 41.8% (46/110) of ILCs were identified via the NHSBSP versus 50.6% (332/656) of IDCs. Remaining cancer detection was through the symptomatic breast service. Invasive carcinoma was mammographically occult in 8.2% of ILC (9 presentations to the symptomatic service, 9/110) and 4.6% of IDC (2 NHSBSP clinical recalls, 28 presentations to the symptomatic service: 30/656). The mean size of the largest focus of invasive disease at operative pathology was 28.2mm for ILC patients who had presented symptomatically, versus 21.6mm for ILC patients detected through the NHSBSP, 25mm for IDC patients who had presented symptomatically, versus 15.3mm for IDC patients detected through the NHSBSP.

A lower proportion of ILC than IDC diagnosed in our Trust is detected through screening compared to symptomatic presentation. NHSBSP two view mammography is, however, an effective tool for detection of both ILC and IDC, detecting cancers that are, on average, smaller than those diagnosed through the symptomatic service.

Public Health England declared a national screening incident in May 2018 when it was understood that a large number of women had potentially missed their final invitation for breast screening between their 68^th and 71^st birthdays. Women thought to be affected were contacted: those up to age 72 were invited for screening while women aged 72 to 79 could request a screening appointment. This poster summarises the impact on one breast screening service.

Screening, administrative and pathology records were reviewed. Descriptive statistics performed.

697 women under 72 were sent a screening appointment, 601 women over 72 booked an appointment via the helpline. The service created an additional 38 clinics across 4 locations. Overall attendance for mammogram was 49% with a total of 1057 women screened.

Recall rate 3.7% (37 cases). 32 biopsies were performed in 25 patients. 19 cancers detected (17.9/1000 screened), 18 invasive, 1 DCIS. Of the invasive cancers 4 were Grade 1, 12 Grade 2 and 2 Grade 3. 2 cases had involved lymph nodes. Mean tumour size 18mm (range 3-60mm). All cancers underwent surgery, one following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 3 women had pre-treatment MRI. 1 B3 lesion was referred for annual mammography.

Administrative staff received a substantial increase in telephone calls during incident. Radiographers reported more client questions. Core programme was maintained.

Overall the catch up exercise following the 2018 “incident” resulted in a burden on all aspects of our service. As expected for the age group, there was a high cancer detection rate.

Accurate interpretation of contrast enhanced breast MRI is required to evaluate response to NAC, to guide further patient management including surgery.

Our aim was to determine the relationship between invasive disease measurement at preoperative MRI and at final excision pathology.

MRI workstation records identified all patients who underwent evaluation of breast cancer response to NAC between October 2012 and June 2018; largest MRI residual tumour dimension recorded was compared with largest measurement documented at final operative pathology.

Patients were excluded if complete data was unavailable. Where both non-invasive and invasive disease was present then the largest invasive size was used. Regression analysis was performed.

Of 66 patients undergoing MRI for NAC, 26 were excluded. 25% (10/40) exhibited complete response on both MRI and surgical pathology, 15.5% (5/40) exhibited complete response on pathology but not MRI, and 10% (4/40) had complete response on MRI but residual disease on pathology. The longest dimension of residual invasive malignancy on MRI correlated with final histological tumour size (r2=68%, p=0.00001), but MRI tended to overestimate disease. There was no significant difference in MRI performance between tumour grades 2 and 3 (r2=0.73% grade 2, r2=0.70% grade 3) or ER status (negative r2=0.63, positive r2=0.66); correlation between MRI and pathology measurements was greater for HER2 negative disease (r2=0.76) than positive disease (r2=0.53).

In conclusion, although contrast enhanced breast MRI post NAC is an effective means of predicting size and presence of residual invasive disease at surgical excision, it has a tendency to overestimate disease.

There is an established workforce crisis in UK radiology. Contributing factors include rising demand, retirement, an increasing numbers of vacant posts, and a shortfall in supply of radiologists. The most recent Workforce Census once again identified breast imaging as having the biggest shortage of radiologists, with a 9.3% unfilled vacancy rate.

To help maintain breast services, there has been a move to developing existing Allied Health Professionals (AHPs) into Consultant Radiographer roles. However, the route to Consultant Radiographer is not always clear, and for Trusts developing this role for the first time it can be a challenging process.

The role of Consultant AHP Practitioners was born from the Department of Health publication “Meeting the challenge: a strategy for allied health professions (2000)” and “The NHS plan”. Both documents proposed developing areas of responsibility for Consultant AHP Practitioners, defining the role as multidimensional positions encompassing the core functions of consultant practice: expert clinical practice; professional leadership and consultancy; practice and service development, research and evaluation; education and professional development.

We illustrate, from different staff perspectives, our experience of developing a Consultant Radiographer in breast imaging. We outline the potential different career routes into this role, including our example of recruiting from a non-mammographic background.

The principal challenge is a lack of a formally established training pathway within the UK. It should also be recognised that AHPs from a non-mammographic background have valuable transferable skills that can provide an alternative pathway to the role of a Consultant Radiographer.

Our Trust has recently demonstrated that invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is less accurately measured on preoperative imaging than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). To help assess the patient impact of preoperative disease measurements made on imaging, this study compares surgical re-excision rates for IDC with or without associated ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and ILC with or without associated DCIS.

Retrospective audit was performed of all ductal and lobular cancers diagnosed and treated in our Trust between January 2013 and December 2014. Hospital electronic records were used to identify patients, their imaging, surgical procedures and pathology. Descriptive statistics were performed.

Full records were available for 528 patients who underwent breast conserving surgery for ILC (53), and IDC (473); there were also two cases of mixed ILC and IDC within the WLE specimen.

Rate of positive margins for IDC was 15% (74/479), for ILC was 17% (9/53), and for mixed was 50% (1/2). Of these, re-excision rates were IDC (57 %, 42/74), ILC (78%, 7/9) and 100% for mixed (1/1). The mean number of further re-excisions per patient who had re-excision was 1 for the ILC group, 1.1 (47procedures/42patients) for IDC, and 100% for mixed (1/1). Mastectomy was the final surgical procedure in that treatment episode for 4% (2/53) cases of ILC, 3% (16/473) cases of IDC, and 0% (0/2) cases of mixed IDC/ILC).

Overall, surgical re-excision rates were highest for ILC. These results emphasise the importance of preoperative imaging including measurements, and of developing more accurate ways to do this.

The Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust is the first in the UK to implement the Hologic LOCalizer radiofrequency ID (RFID) tag system to localise non-palpable breast cancers prior to surgery. The aim of this project was to assess the utility of this system in a UK breast unit.

The first tags were delivered in June 2019. Two NHS oncoplastic breast surgeons recruited all willing breast patients (from both screening and symptomatic presentations) who would otherwise have undergone traditional guidewire localisation. Prospective audit was performed on insertion, surgical excision, pathology, and any complications. Descriptive statistics applied.

39 tags were inserted into 36 female patients between 12 June and 21 August 2019, 1-26 days before their planned date of surgery. To date, 21 patients have had their lesions/tags surgically excised (23 tags in total). All tags were ultrasound-guided and included masses (invasive tumours and mass-forming DCIS), two post-stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy cavities, and two cases targeting of clips post neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. No significant procedural difficulty/complication was encountered with tag insertion, surgical localisation, or excision, with a short learning curve. One patient did, however, have a further incidental focus of malignancy identified and biopsied at the time of tag insertion necessitating additional guidewire localisation on the morning of surgery.

Pathology staff have encountered no difficulty with the tags, which are easily disposed of in clinical waste. So far all excised lesions have had negative margins, resulting in no re-excisions.

Initial results suggest the LOCalizer RFID system to be an effective alternative to guidewire localisation.

Early detection and treatment of grade 3 breast cancer is important to patient prognosis. This study retrospectively reviews mammogram and ultrasound appearances of grade 3 breast cancers diagnosed in our Trust over a 2-year period.

All patients (screening and symptomatic) with grade 3 breast cancer histology diagnosed between January 2013 to December 2014 were identified using hospital electronic records. Images were reviewed. NBSS descriptors were used to describe cancer appearance on mammogram and ultrasound. Occult lesions were noted. Descriptive statistics performed.

235 female patients were diagnosed with grade 3 breast cancer over the 2 year period, 72 screen-detected and 163 symptomatic. On mammogram, most cancers were ill-defined masses (73%, 171/235), 99% (168/171) of which had associated microcalcification (MCL). Grade 3 cancers rarely presented as an asymmetric density (8%, 18/235), MCL with no associated mass (7%, 16/235), clinical recall/mammogram occult (6%, 15/235), well-defined mass (6%, 14/235), architectural distortion (1%, 3/235), or lymph node abnormality (0%, 0/235).

On ultrasound, all grade 3 cancers were described either as an ill-defined mass 91% (215/235) or as a well-defined mass (9%, 20/235). Mean tumour size on surgical excision was 20.5mm for screen-detected cancers (range 6-80mm, median 16mm), and 31mm for symptomatic cancers (range 9-200mm, median 24mm).

In conclusion, grade 3 invasive breast cancers most commonly present on mammogram as an irregular mass with associated microcalcification, and as an ill-defined mas on ultrasound. It is notably rare for a grade 3 cancer to present as an architectural distortion or as an isolated lymph node abnormality.

One of many controversies surrounding managing the axilla in breast cancer is whether ultrasound can predict the presence and extent of nodal metastases pre-operatively, including establishing the optimum cortical thickness at which needle biopsy should be carried out. Our unit has a relatively low threshold of 2mm. We evaluated how having a fixed threshold influences our decision to biopsy and how our practice influences outcome.

Retrospective analysis was carried out for all patients with a B5 breast core biopsy between Jan 2013-Dec 2014. Ultrasound images/reports were assessed for cortical thickness measurements; pathology results were accessed for axillary surgery outcomes.

After exclusions, 801 patients with breast cancer had axillary ultrasound; 711 underwent axillary surgery, of whom 669 had a measurable cortical thickness (42 had rounded/replaced nodes).

Measured cortical thicknesses range was 0.5-14 mm overall (single thickest cortex per patient), with 49.8% measured at <2mm and 50.2% ≥2mm. 10% (67/669) of all cortices were measured at exactly 1.9mm, i.e. just under the biopsy threshold, and only 0.9% of cortices measured at the 2mm threshold itself. Just 3.3% of measurements fell into the range 2.0-2.3mm, suggesting some subjective bias regarding decision to biopsy.

Of those measured at 1.9 mm, 9% (6/67) had metastases at surgery, compared to 14% (5/36) measured within the 2-2.3mm range (in all cases ≤2 nodes positive), suggesting any subjective measurement/decision not to biopsy did not comprise outcome.

This reinforces that ultrasound assessment of the axilla remains subjective despite fixed biopsy thresholds, though at our current threshold it remains safe.

In 2016, guidance was released for the management of B3 lesions. Guidance for radial scars/complex sclerosing lesions (RS/CSL) and papillomas is to perform vacuum assisted excision (VAE) in lesions with no atypia shown on diagnostic biopsy and surgical excision when atypia is present. We have audited adherence to guidance and upgrade rates to malignancy.

Papillomas and RS/CSL diagnosed within screening and symptomatic women between 01/01/2017 to 30/01/2019 were identified using the pathology database. For each lesion, imaging features and type of initial biopsy was documented. The initial histology, including presence of atypia, and histology from VAE or surgical biopsy were recorded. Upgrade rates to malignancy were quantified.

148 lesions were identified. Nine were excluded due to synchronous cancer in the same breast, leaving 139 lesions. 90 lesions were masses, 35 distortions, 13 microcalcifications and 1 asymmetric density with size range of 2-80 mm.

There were 84 papillomas, 9 with atypia. 54/84 of these underwent VAE and 18 underwent surgical excision. 12 lesions, all without atypia, had no further sampling. Upgrade for papillomas with atypia was 33.3% (3/9) and without atypia 1.6% (1/63).

There were 55 RS/CSL, 4 with atypia. 46/55 of these underwent VAE and 5 underwent surgical excision. 4 lesions, all without atypia, had no further sampling.  Upgrade for RS/CSL with atypia was 25% (1/4) and without atypia 6.3% (3/47).

Guidance was well adhered to at our institution. The low upgrade rates of papillomas and RS/CSL without atypia supports the new guidance replacing surgical excisions with image-guided VAE.

Microcalcification is a common finding. A standard workup may include a lateral projection of the whole breast and lateral and CC paddle magnification views. Some centres no longer use magnification views, relying on digital zoom. The use of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) varies.

Our centre evaluates microcalcification with co-registered 2D digital mammography (2DDM) and DBT in the lateral projection and lateral and CC paddle magnification compression views.

Retrospective review of 103 consecutive cases of histologically confirmed malignant microcalcification using 9G x-ray guided vacuum (VAB).  Mammographic views were read sequentially and scored M3-5. Additional soft tissue on DBT was recorded. Continuous zoom of up to x8 was used.

Lateral DBT and magnification views independently increased mammographic suspicion in comparison to 2DDM with statistical significance. 20.6% were scored M4/5 on 2DDM. This compared with 54.9% on DBT (p-value 0.0002), 49.5% with magnification views (p-value 0.0002) and 16.8% with lateral 2D (p-value 0.472).

37.5% of DBT cases demonstrated soft tissue that was not visible on the 2D mammograms increasing the suspicion level in those cases. 13 cases in the study showed an upgrade from VAB at final surgical pathology. 77% (10/13) of the upgrades had a soft tissue abnormality on DBT.

We recommend magnification views for the optimal assessment of microcalcification. Lateral DBT also improves reader confidence in predicting malignancy compared with 2DDM and may aid biopsy targeting. The 2D lateral mammogram had no benefit in this study; we propose synthetic 2D imaging with DBT could replace this.

Phyllodes tumour or cystosarcoma phylloides are fast growing tumours arising from periductal stromal cells of the breast. Triple assessment has low sensitivity and poor diagnostic accuracy in differentiating them from benign lesions. No clear guidelines exist on subsequent management of phyllodes tumour.

Data obtained from electronic records: clinical, imaging, surgical and histology based for all patients with suspected phyllodes on any investigation dating back to 2010 (9 years).

An assessment of imaging features, initial core biopsy, final excision biopsy result, presence of clear surgical margins, the recommended follow up and whether this was implemented and presence of recurrence.

76 confirmed cases of phyllodes were sub-classified into benign (63%), borderline (23%), and malignant (14%) on excision biopsy. The lesion was appropriately graded in 61% on initial core biopsy. 78% were graded as Category 2/3 on UK 5 point imaging system; mean age was 36 years and lesion size 32mm. Follow up was documented in only 37 patients, predominantly with annual mammogram for 5 years. Recurrences were demonstrated in 5, of which 4 had unclear margins, and the following histological grades: benign (2), borderline (2) and malignant (1). The mean time for recurrence was 23.6 months. There were no distant metastases.

Imaging findings are not representative of subsequent histological grade. Whilst relatively few cases demonstrated recurrence, these were related to incomplete surgical excision and where follow up was implemented, illustrating the importance of this. Based on our experience, a management algorithm for the follow up of phyllodes tumours has been proposed.

Fibroadenomas (FA) are common biphasic benign fibroepithelial tumours composed of stromal and epithelial elements. The epithelial component of a FA can display the same pathologic aberrations as those of the breast. Natural history suggests that 25% of these lesions will get bigger. However, there are no definite guidelines concerning an acceptable growth rate of biopsy proven FA, when to safely follow up vs rebiopsy. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of malignancy in the growing fibroadenoma at our institute, to establish local rebiopsy guidelines.

A retrospective review of all biopsy proven B2 FA using RIS, PACS and pathology database was performed to identify any growing fibroadenoma over a 3 year period. B3 lesions at initial biopsy were excluded.  Maximum single dimension at T0 (time of initial core biopsy) and T1 (time at largest measurement) were recorded. Percent growth and length of time was recorded.

122 patients were identified over 3 years. The mean age was 32 yrs. Mean T0 was 18mm (range 3-60mm). Average interval growth was 62% with time to rebiopsy of 34 months (range 2mths – 8 years). 4 patients developed subsequent benign phylloides (3,2% incidence, all with % growth >30%) with no malignant transformation.

Literature suggests that FA’s may be safely followed up with a mean change in dimension of 20% over a 6 month period for all ages. FA’s may enlarge due to natural progression, possible development of epithelial malignancy or misdiagnosed phylloides. We recommend rebiopsy only if size increases > 30%.

Ten cases which would normally require wire localisation of lesions prior to surgery underwent radiofrequency seed (RF) placement.

Currently wires are placed on the day of surgery and this can result in a delay in patients being ready for surgery. The trial aimed to identify the benefits and drawbacks of the RF seed procedure. Ease of placement for radiology, both technically and for workload planning were recorded. Any comments from the surgical team with changes in knife to skin times and any changes in surgical margins were recorded.

The RF seeds have licence for 30 days implantation which the manufacturer is hopeful will be extended under licence. If the procedure had a positive response by all parties, there may be marked benefits for patients and for workload planning. The higher cost of the RF seed, applicator and intraoperative probe may make the procedure cost effective compared to the cost of a localisation wire if concurrent benefits could be identified.

All patients consented to the procedure. In this trial RF seeds were implanted on the day and the procedure was well tolerated by all patients.

RF seeds were implanted both under ultrasound and x-ray guidance. All cases had post insertion mammography in the lateral and cranio-caudal projection combined with ultrasound guided skin marking to indicate the depth and position of the RF seed before proceeding to surgery.

The poster will aim to identify the benefits and disadvantages of RF seed localisation.

Nationally there are differing approaches to staging for distant metastatic disease in breast cancer. This study aims to identify factors predictive of metastatic disease in order to refine current guidelines. A further year of data has been collected since previously presented.

Retrospective data were collected for all patients with new invasive breast cancer over a three-year period (January 2014 to January 2017) at our institution. Data were collated and analysed using Microsoft Excel and Regressit software. Positive predictive values and binomial logistic regression analysis were applied.

1377 patients with breast cancer were identified (mixed screening and symptomatic cohort), with complete data available for 1025. Staging CTs were performed for 323. Distant metastases were identified at presentation in 47 (4.6%). Thirty of the 47 metastatic cases met established criteria for staging (i.e. T4, recurrence, symptoms of distant metastases), leaving 17 cases potentially missed. Systematic multivariant analysis shows that, in addition to established staging criteria, tumour size 3cm or greater in combination with sonographically abnormal axillary nodes also predicts an increased rate of metastatic disease at presentation (PPV=18.8%, OR=4.831, p<0.005). Applying this additional criterion increases positive CT rate to 17.1% (previously 14.6% at our institution) while 95 fewer CTs are performed (29% fewer).

We propose that pre-treatment CT staging is warranted if breast tumour size is 3cm or greater with concurrent axillary node positivity on ultrasound, in addition to existing established criteria. This improves detection of distant metastatic disease and CT positivity rate, without an increase in the number of CTs performed.

Breast MRI is the most sensitive screening modality for breast cancer but its lengthy acquisition and reporting times result in a high unit cost that restricts its use. In the UK it is only used to screen women at the very highest risk of developing breast cancer (>30% lifetime risk).

Abbreviated breast MRI was designed with the long-term goal of increasing access to screening breast MRI. The concept was to limit the examination to include only the elements of the full protocol with the most useful diagnostic information whilst minimising time spent on the scanner by the screening client and radiology time to report the scan. Since Christiane Kuhl’s original proof of concept study was published in 2014, research groups from Europe, North America and the Far East have also investigated whether it is possible to design an abbreviated protocol that offers the accuracy of the full protocol breast MRI for cancer detection with the brevity of a mammogram’s acquisition and reporting times.

This talk explores the published evidence, and includes discussion of recent UK research into the potential for multi-professional reporting.

To present and describe the diverse imaging features of primary and secondary breast lymphoma on mammography, ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. This remains a challenging entity to diagnose based on its non-specific imaging features, with careful scrutiny of patient history, clinical suspicion and histopathological correlation crucial in diagnosis and management.

Patients who had a definite pathological diagnosis of breast lymphoma were identified from a database. The imaging features of these cases across various modalities were reviewed.

Whist the majority of breast lymphoma cases demonstrate features overlapping those of breast tumors, key clinical and radiological features can assist in discriminating from other common benign and malignant lesions affecting the breast. The most common manifestation of breast lymphoma is presence of a solitary breast mass, enlargement of ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes and subcutaneous involvement. A lack of calcification and architectural distortion is noted. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma is an entity that needs to be suspected in cases of new massive peri-implant fluid collections containing thick septations and solid detritus or development of masses related to the fibrous capsule.

Breast lymphoma is not commonly encountered. Our pictorial series highlights a variety of presentations across a range of imaging modalities which we hope will assist radiologists and clinicians in diagnosing this challenging and rare hematological neoplasm.