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10.01.2022 | Scientific Review

Bullying, Discrimination, Harassment, Sexual Harassment, and the Fear of Retaliation During Surgical Residency Training: A Systematic Review

verfasst von: Arianna L. Gianakos, Julie A. Freischlag, Angela M. Mercurio, R. Sterling Haring, Dawn M. LaPorte, Mary K. Mulcahey, Lisa K. Cannada, John G. Kennedy

Erschienen in: World Journal of Surgery | Ausgabe 7/2022

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Abstract

Background

The negative effects of bullying, discrimination, harassment, and sexual harassment (BDHS) on well-being and productivity of surgical residents in training have been well documented. Despite this, little has changed over the past decade and these behaviors continue. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of each abusive behavior experienced by residents, identify the perpetrators, and examine the reporting tendency.

Methods

A systematic review of articles published between 2010 and 2020 in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was performed following PRISMA guidelines. The following search terms were used: bullying, harassment, sexual harassment, discrimination, abuse, residency, surgery, orthopedic surgery, general surgery, otolaryngology, obstetrics, gynecology, urology, plastic surgery, and training.

Results

Twenty-five studies with 29,980 surgical residents were included. Sixty-three percent, 43, 29, and 27% of surgical residents experienced BDHS, respectively. Female residents reported experiencing all BDHS behaviors more often. Thirty-seven percent of resident respondents reported burnout, and 33% reported anxiety/depression. Attending surgeons, followed by senior co-residents, were the most common perpetrators. Seventy-one percent did not report the behavior to their institution. Fifty-one percent stated this was due to fear of retaliation. Of those who reported their experiences, 56% stated they had a negative experience reporting.

Conclusion

Our review demonstrates high prevalence rates of BDHS experienced by residents during surgical training, which have been associated with burnout, anxiety, and depression. The majority of residents did not report BDHS due to fear of retaliation. Residency programs need to devise methods to have a platform for residents to safely voice their complaints.

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Titel: Bullying, Discrimination, Harassment, Sexual Harassment, and the Fear of Retaliation During Surgical Residency Training: A Systematic Review
verfasst von: Arianna L. Gianakos
Julie A. Freischlag
Angela M. Mercurio
R. Sterling Haring
Dawn M. LaPorte
Mary K. Mulcahey
Lisa K. Cannada
John G. Kennedy
Publikationsdatum: 10.01.2022
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: World Journal of Surgery / Ausgabe 7/2022
Print ISSN: 0364-2313
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-2323
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-021-06432-6

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Bullying, Discrimination, Harassment, Sexual Harassment, and the Fear of Retaliation During Surgical Residency Training: A Systematic Review