Background
Methodology
Recruitment
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics | |
---|---|
Sociodemographic | |
Age mean (SD) | 58.01 (13.5) |
Sex; Male (%) | 221 (56.5) |
Female (%) | 170 (43.5) |
Marital status; Married/ Cohabiting (%) | 301 (77) |
Single/divorced/ widow/widower (%) | 90 (23) |
Education; Formal (%) | 326 (83.4) |
Informal (%) | 65 (16.6) |
Alcohol (%) | 210 (53.7) |
Smoking (%) | 44 (11.3) |
Clinical characteristics | No (%) |
Chest pain | 85 (21.7) |
Easy fatigability | 93 (237) |
Cough | 37 (9.5) |
Awareness of heartbeat | 56 (14.3) |
Shortness of breath | 121 (30.9) |
Body swelling | 44 (11.2) |
Cerebral vascular event | 24 (6.1) |
Othersa | 121 (30.9) |
Diabetes Mellitus | 92 (23.5) |
Antihypertensive medication use | 312 (79.8) |
Weight mean (SD) in kg | 75.41 ± 14.5 |
BMI | 28.75 ± 5.3 |
SBP mean (SD) mmHg | 150.12 ± 28.17 |
DBP mean (SD) mmHg | 85.71 ± 18.60 |
Pulse | 81.86 ± 20.32 |
Lab characteristics | mean ± SD |
Creatinine umol/l | 185.41 ± 289 |
eGFR(ml/min/1.73 m2) | 77.88 ± 36.35 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.02 ± 1.5 |
Triglyceride (mmol/l) | 1.7 ± 0.88 |
HDL (mmol/l) | 1.08 ± 0.34 |
LDL (mmol/l) | 3.3 ± 1.3 |
Anemia | 228 (58.3%) |
ECG | |
AF | 40 (10.23%) |
No AF | 351 (89.77%) |
Echo (N = 265) | |
IVSD | 14.31 ± 3.4 |
≥ 12 mm | 184 (70%) |
LVEF (%) | 56.6 ± 18.8 |
LAD | 56.5 ± 18.8 |
The sociodemographic characteristics associated with AF among hypertensive patients at JKCI
Characteristics | AF (%) (N = 40) | NO AF (%) (N = 351) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | < 65 | 22 (55) | 242 (68.9) | 0.074 |
≥ 65 | 18 (45) | 109 (31.1) | ||
Sex | Male | 23 (57.5) | 198 (56.4) | 0.895 |
Education level | Formal education | 32 (80) | 294 (83.8) | 0.507 |
Alcohol | Ever used | 17 (42.5) | 189 (53.8) | 0.172 |
Smoking | Ever smoked | 3 (7.3) | 41 (11.7) | 0.428 |
Clinical characteristics associated with atrial fibrillation among hypertensive patients at JKCI. (N-391)
Presenting complain | AF N = 40(%) | NO AF N = 351(%) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Chest pain | 11 (27.5) | 74 (21.1) | 0.351 |
Shortness of breath | 16 (40) | 105 (29.9) | 0.165 |
Palpitation | 14 (35) | 42 (12) | < 0.001 |
Easy fatigability | 17 (42.5) | 76 (21.7) | 0.003 |
Body swelling | 7 (17.5) | 37 (10.5) | 0.187 |
Cough | 6 (15) | 31 (8.8) | 0.207 |
Stroke | 4 (10) | 20 (5.7) | 0.856 |
Others* | 4 (10) | 117 (33.3) | 0.002 |
DM | 5 (12.5) | 87 (24.8) | 0.83 |
SBP ≥140 mmHg | 21 (52.5) | 244 (69.5) | 0.029 |
DBP ≥90 mmHg | 11 (27.5) | 202 (57.5) | 0.068 |
Heart rate | |||
≥ 100b/m | 8 (20) | 48 (13.7) | 0.189 |
99-60b/m | 25 (62.5) | 265 (75.5) | 0.087 |
< 59b/m | 7 (17.5) | 37 (10.5) | 0.279 |
Biochemical characteristics | |||
Total Cholesterol | 1.45 ± 0.5 | 1.47 ± 0.5 | |
≥ 5.2 mmol/l | 18 (45) | 174 (49.6) | 0.584 |
< 5.2 mmol/l | 22 (55) | 177 (50.4) | |
Triglyceride | 1.61 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.88 | |
< 1.69 mmol/l | 27 (67.5) | 214 (61) | 0.421 |
≥ 1.69 mmol/l | 13 (32.5) | 137 (39) | |
HDL | 1.00 ± 2.92 | 1.08 ± 0.3 | |
≥ 1.04 mmol/l | 16 (40) | 174 (49.6) | 0.251 |
< 1.039 mmol/l | 24 (60) | 177 (50.4) | |
LDL | 3.2 ± 1.26 | 3.3 ± 1.3 | |
< 3.39 mmol/l | 17 (42.5) | 190 (54.1) | 0.163 |
≥ 3.4 mmol/l | 23 (57.5) | 161 (45.9) | |
BMI(N-377) | 29.53 ± 5.25 | 28.82 ± 5.21 | |
≥ 25 | 30 (83.3) | 228 (66.9) | 0.043 |
Egfr | 65.95 ± 31.20 | 79.24 ± 36.3 | |
< 60 | 17 (42.5) | 93 (26.5) | 0.033 |
ECG | |||
LVH (Sokolow) | 14 (35) | 73 (20.8) | 0.041 |
EchoN = 263 | |||
EF ≥50 | 8 (30.8) | 171 (69.5) | < 0.001 |
< 50 | 18 (69.2) | 75 (30.5) | |
IVSD < 12 mm | 11 (42.3) | 72 (29.9) | 0.193 |
≥ 12 mm | 15 (57.7) | 169 (70.1) | |
LAD< 40 mm | 2 (8) | 129 (54) | < 0.001 |
≥ 40 mm | 23 (92) | 110 (46) |
Variable | Odds ratio | P value | 95% CI | Adjusted odd ratio | 95%CI | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age ≥ 65 yr | 1.817 | 0.077 | 0.936–3.524 | – | ||
Male | 1.045 | 0.895 | 0.540–2.026 | – | ||
HDL ≥1.04 mmol/l | 1.475 | 0.253 | 0.757–2.871 | – | ||
LDL < 3.4 mmol/l | 1.597 | 0.165 | 0.824–3.093 | – | ||
SBP > 140 mmHg | 0.485 | 0.032 | 0.250–0.939 | – | ||
DBP > 90 mmHg | 0.514 | 0.072 | 0.249–1.062 | – | ||
Alcohol use | 0.605 | 0.1312 | 0.312–1.172 | – | ||
Cigarette Smoking | 0.613 | 0.432 | 0.181–2.078 | |||
Diabetes Mellitus | 0.246 | 0.022 | 0.074–0.818 | – | ||
BMI ≥ 25 | 2.478 | 0.049 | 1.002–6.126 | 4.371 | 1.077–7.820 | 0.021 |
EF < 50% | 5.130 | < 0.001 | 2.136–12.318 | 3.013 | 1.106–8.21 | 0.031 |
LAD > 40 mm | 13.486 | 0.001 | 3.110–58.487 | 9.417 | 2.051–43.247 | 0.004 |
IVSD | 0.581 | 0.197 | 0.254–1.326 | – | ||
LVH on ECG | 2.051 | 0.044 | 1.019–4.008 | – | ||
eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 2.050 | 0.036 | 1.049–4.008 | 2.902 | 0.035 | 1.077–7.820 |