Background
Methods
Data sources
Mortality, disability-adjusted life years and risk factors
Results
Mortality
Locations | Number of deaths (thousand) | Age-standardized death rate per 100,000 people | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 2015 | % change | 1990 | 2015 | % change | |
China | 603.1 (568.0–642.2) | 1461.2 (1396.8–1532.9) | 142.3 | 101.3 (95.3–107.5) | 114.8 (109.8–120.1) | 13.3 |
Anhui | 22.8 (18.4–28.7) | 65.2 (55.3–76.8) | 186.0 | 86.6 (69.9–106.1) | 107.8 (91.7–126.1) | 24.4 |
Beijing | 7.5 (6.0–9.2) | 16.9 (14.6–19.7) | 125.7 | 116.7 (94.9–141.2) | 86.5 (74.7–100.6) | −25.9 |
Chongqing | 6.5 (5.2–8.1) | 28.3 (22.0–34.7) | 332.3 | 73.2 (58.9–89.8) | 87.3 (69.1–105.8) | 19.3 |
Fujian | 11.0 (8.9–13.6) | 22.7 (18.5–27.1) | 105.9 | 78.0 (64.0–94.8) | 70.7 (57.7–84.1) | −9.4 |
Gansu | 7.8 (6.2–9.6) | 23.3 (19.0–27.9) | 197.0 | 87.8 (71.3–105.5) | 117.3 (97.6–138.2) | 33.6 |
Guangdong | 30.4 (24.1–37.5) | 79.7 (69.2–92.2) | 162.3 | 94.9 (75.8–116.1) | 97.7 (85.0–112.7) | 2.9 |
Guangxi | 21.7 (17.5–26.9) | 61.1 (50.6–72.8) | 181.6 | 98.6 (79.4–121.7) | 136.3 (113.4–161.7) | 38.3 |
Guizhou | 12.7 (10.1–16.0) | 34.5 (27.1–43.7) | 172.1 | 87.7 (70.3–109.8) | 114.6 (91.0–143.0) | 30.7 |
Hainan | 4.0 (3.2–4.9) | 7.5 (6.0–9.3) | 88.2 | 120.2 (98.6–145.4) | 91.5 (72.7–113.2) | −23.9 |
Hebei | 38.4 (30.0–48.5) | 92.7 (77.1–111.7) | 141.6 | 114.3 (90.3–141.6) | 143.5 (120.8–169.7) | 25.5 |
Heilongjiang | 28.2 (21.9–35.3) | 66.7 (56.3–78.7) | 136.4 | 198.0 (158.3–242.3) | 187.4 (161.6–217.5) | −5.4 |
Henan | 55.1 (44.0–67.2) | 121.7 (101.2–146.6) | 120.8 | 119.8 (96.2–144.7) | 152.4 (127.7–181.4) | 27.2 |
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China | 4.2 (3.9–4.7) | 7.4 (6.6–8.7) | 78.6 | 91.7 (85.5–103.6) | 58.3 (52.1–67.7) | −36.4 |
Hubei | 27.5 (22.1–33.9) | 58.4 (49.1–69.1) | 112.5 | 106.5 (86.8–129.6) | 111.4 (94.8–131.3) | 4.6 |
Hunan | 31.1 (24.6–38.6) | 93.5 (79.5–110.2) | 201.0 | 99.4 (79.8–121.7) | 139.2 (118.1–163.3) | 40.0 |
Inner Mongolia | 13.7 (10.8–17.4) | 32.3 (26.7–38.5) | 136.5 | 157.0 (127.8–193.9) | 158.7 (134.1–184.1) | 1.1 |
Jiangsu | 23.5 (18.5–29.7) | 55.7 (47.1–65.2) | 137.0 | 59.5 (47.3–74.7) | 63.4 (53.8–74.2) | 6.5 |
Jiangxi | 17.1 (13.6–21.3) | 38.2 (31.8–45.3) | 123.4 | 101.6 (81.5–124.5) | 106.4 (89.3–124.9) | 4.8 |
Jilin | 22.3 (17.7–28.0) | 45.4 (36.5–56.8) | 103.3 | 201.9 (165.0–248.9) | 182.0 (148.4–223.1) | −9.9 |
Liaoning | 28.1 (22.3–34.6) | 66.0 (56.7–77.2) | 134.8 | 129.6 (104.3–156.8) | 135.7 (117.6–157.1) | 4.7 |
Macao Special Administrative Region of China | 0.41 (0.36–0.46) | 0.43 (0.34–0.54) | 6.0 | 174.0 (153.2–194.4) | 83.1 (64.7–103.2) | −52.3 |
Ningxia | 2.0 (1.5–2.4) | 7.2 (5.6–9.1) | 266.0 | 122.0 (97.7–148.7) | 166.8 (133.8–206.2) | 36.7 |
Qinghai | 1.8 (1.4–2.2) | 6.6 (5.1–8.5) | 278.8 | 114.6 (91.5–141.6) | 176.5 (140.2–218.6) | 54.0 |
Shaanxi | 17.1 (13.7–21.2) | 47.3 (36.0–58.8) | 177.5 | 113.0 (91.8–138.0) | 151.9 (119.6–184.4) | 34.5 |
Shandong | 50.3 (41.0–61.2) | 146.4 (123.6–171.5) | 191.0 | 103.8 (84.0–125.1) | 145.9 (123.6–170.4) | 40.6 |
Shanghai | 5.9 (4.7–7.1) | 13.1 (11.0–15.7) | 123.2 | 57.6 (46.3–69.2) | 44.2 (37.0–53.1) | −23.3 |
Shanxi | 16.6 (13.2–20.8) | 41.0 (31.4–51.5) | 146.5 | 114.9 (92.9–141.9) | 137.4 (108.5–168.8) | 19.6 |
Sichuan | 47.7 (38.6–59.5) | 65.4 (51.9–80.8) | 37.0 | 88.1 (72.2–108.4) | 75.4 (60.3–92.4) | −14.4 |
Tianjin | 6.8 (5.5–8.5) | 16.8 (14.2–19.6) | 145.5 | 126.4 (103.3–153.2) | 134.8 (115.6–155.4) | 6.7 |
Tibet | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | 2.3 (1.8–2.8) | 61.0 | 138.6 (107.7–185.2) | 135.6 (110.3–168.7) | −2.1 |
Xinjiang | 10.9 (8.6–13.8) | 27.1 (22.2–33.2) | 148.0 | 169.5 (137.3–211.1) | 178.4 (148.5–214.2) | 5.2 |
Yunnan | 14.7 (11.7–18.5) | 44.6 (37.1–54.3) | 202.9 | 86.0 (68.6–107.2) | 118.2 (99.2–142.2) | 37.4 |
Zhejiang | 14.0 (11.3–17.1) | 26.0 (21.3–31.2) | 85.6 | 57.1 (46.5–68.9) | 45.0 (37.0–53.8) | −21.2 |
YLLs and YLDs
Province | Age-standardized YLL rate per 100,000 people | Age-standardized YLD rate per 100,000 people | YLL/YLD ratio 1990 | YLL/YLD ratio 2015 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 2015 | % change | 1990 | 2015 | % change | |||
China | 1761.1 (1656.4–1877.2) | 1671.9 (1585.1–1763.4) | −4.3 | 71.3 (47.9–97.7) | 88.3 (59.4–120.9) | 23.8 | 25.2 | 18.0 |
Anhui | 1426.7 (1137.0–1795.5) | 1505.4 (1249.9–1812.1) | 5.5 | 70.9 (48.1–97.7) | 87.5 (58.4–120.7) | 23.5 | 19.8 | 16.4 |
Beijing | 1849.3 (1477.0–2306.9) | 1040.6 (873.1–1251.1) | −43.7 | 90.4 (61.4–124.2) | 111.3 (76.0–153.9) | 23.0 | 20.3 | 8.9 |
Chongqing | 1216.8 (968.3–1527.6) | 1215.7 (925.1–1533.8) | −0.1 | 63.7 (42.3–88.3) | 79.2 (52.9–110.1) | 24.4 | 18.7 | 14.5 |
Fujian | 1307.5 (1054.8–1636.3) | 925.6 (738.6–1128.8) | − 29.2 | 68.6 (46.4–94.4) | 84.2 (56.7–115.8) | 22.8 | 19.0 | 10.3 |
Gansu | 1565.7 (1239.1–1908.2) | 1755.2 (1422.3–2120.7) | 12.1 | 64.7 (43.4–88.8) | 80.4 (54.3–110.5) | 24.3 | 24.6 | 20.3 |
Guangdong | 1611.02 (1259.93–2005.35) | 1272.8 (1087.1–1502.2) | −21.0 | 74.2 (50.4–102.4) | 91.3 (61.7–125.6) | 23.2 | 22.1 | 13.2 |
Guangxi | 1719.6 (1377.1–2179.6) | 2152.1 (1748.0–2640.7) | 25.2 | 68.2 (46.0–94.0) | 83.9 (56.8–115.8) | 23.1 | 25.5 | 25.1 |
Guizhou | 1510.6 (1197.1–1917.9) | 1845.2 (1434.4–2379.7) | 22.2 | 61.7 (41.3–85.7) | 76.9 (51.3–106.5) | 24.6 | 24.2 | 23.0 |
Hainan | 1957.9 (1559.9–2444.0) | 1315.4 (1006.4–1708.9) | −32.8 | 67.3 (45.2–93.1) | 83.1 (56.2–114.9) | 23.4 | 28.6 | 15.5 |
Hebei | 2065.0 (1598.0–2632.7) | 2255.2 (1846.2–2780.1) | 9.2 | 73.2 (49.8–100.8) | 90.0 (60.4–124.5) | 22.9 | 29.4 | 23.9 |
Heilongjiang | 3606.6 (2791.8–4496.9) | 2761.8 (2291.2–3302.4) | −23.4 | 80.2 (54.6–109.3) | 98.2 (67.1–133.4) | 22.4 | 49.7 | 26.1 |
Henan | 2173.8 (1734.0–2676.7) | 2324.5 (1903.3–2855.6) | 6.9 | 75.6 (50.8–104.0) | 93.1 (63.6–127.8) | 23.1 | 30.2 | 24.0 |
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China | 1298.6 (1228.1–1434.1) | 699.7 (624.8–794.3) | −46.1 | 71.2 (48.1–99.1) | 86.3 (57.2–119.3) | 21.2 | 17.7 | 8.5 |
Hubei | 1840.91 (1471.74–2290.86) | 1577.4 (1308.6–1890.7) | −14.3 | 68.7 (46.3–94.5) | 84.6 (57.0–116.4) | 23.1 | 26.9 | 17.1 |
Hunan | 1733.0 (1364.6–2157.8) | 2004.2 (1664.3–2402.9) | 15.7 | 65.3 (43.5–89.9) | 80.2 (53.7–112.1) | 22.9 | 26.6 | 23.8 |
Inner Mongolia | 2829.3 (2252.6–3587.8) | 2371.5 (1935.4–2863.1) | −16.2 | 78.7 (53.5–108.4) | 96.3 (64.9–132.2) | 22.2 | 38.6 | 23.3 |
Jiangsu | 928.2 (724.2–1179.2) | 787.0 (653.1–944.7) | − 15.2 | 71.8 (47.8–98.3) | 88.3 (59.7–121.3) | 23.0 | 12.6 | 8.3 |
Jiangxi | 1703.8 (1351.9–2135.7) | 1482.1 (1206.5–1773.0) | −13.0 | 67.5 (45.4–92.5) | 82.8 (55.9–113.3) | 22.8 | 25.0 | 16.5 |
Jilin | 3586.3 (2839.1–4495.1) | 2654.5 (2088.9–3408.8) | − 26.0 | 80.4 (54.4–110.8) | 97.9 (67.1–135.1) | 21.8 | 47.4 | 25.0 |
Liaoning | 2236.8 (1763.7–2773.4) | 1875.8 (1578.9–2236.1) | −16.1 | 84.9 (57.9–115.7) | 103.8 (70.2–142.9) | 22.2 | 27.6 | 16.7 |
Macao Special Administrative Region of China | 2589.3 (2267.0–2883.6) | 988.1 (763.2–1240.8) | −61.8 | 90.3 (61.2–124.2) | 110.1 (74.7–151.8) | 21.9 | 28.6 | 8.2 |
Ningxia | 2085.0 (1626.4–2558.8) | 2552.9 (1963.4–3248.2) | 22.4 | 78.5 (53.0–108.3) | 96.5 (65.4–132.3) | 22.9 | 27.7 | 25.3 |
Qinghai | 2092.9 (1642.2–2671.4) | 2793.5 (2127.3–3591.7) | 33.5 | 63.3 (42.0–87.5) | 79.0 (53.2–109.8) | 24.8 | 34.6 | 33.3 |
Shaanxi | 1993.6 (1603.5–2489.0) | 2216.3 (1659.0–2795.6) | 11.2 | 72.2 (49.0–99.3) | 89.8 (60.3–124.4) | 24.3 | 28.6 | 22.8 |
Shandong | 1808.6 (1466.0–2224.1) | 2043.7 (1698.1–2462.8) | 13.0 | 77.0 (52.2–106.2) | 95.0 (64.8–130.1) | 23.4 | 24.1 | 20.3 |
Shanghai | 802.7 (640.8–982.9) | 427.6 (346.8–536.0) | −46.7 | 78.5 (53.2–108.0) | 96.8 (65.7–133.2) | 23.3 | 9.7 | 4.1 |
Shanxi | 2092.7 (1651.9–2621.9) | 2117.0 (1592.1–2701.9) | 1.2 | 75.3 (51.1–104.3) | 92.8 (63.2–126.9) | 23.2 | 29.2 | 21.9 |
Sichuan | 1468.84 (1184.9–1844.6) | 1092.6 (841.8–1371.1) | − 25.6 | 60.6 (40.1–83.0) | 75.0 (49.9–103.5) | 23.7 | 23.4 | 13.7 |
Tianjin | 2205.8 (1759.3–2747.8) | 1780.0 (1492.3–2154.6) | −18.4 | 90.8 (62.2–125.1) | 112.2 (77.7–153.3) | 23.6 | 25.5 | 15.1 |
Tibet | 2682.3 (2055.1–3581.9) | 2257.6 (1809.1–2847.6) | −15.8 | 57.0 (38.1–79.9) | 71.2 (47.2–98.9) | 24.9 | 49.3 | 31.8 |
Xinjiang | 3177.8 (2481.1–4037.5) | 2956.7 (2403.7–3659.6) | − 7.0 | 68.0 (45.9–93.0) | 84.0 (56.0–115.7) | 23.5 | 50.0 | 35.0 |
Yunnan | 1526.2 (1205.6–1927.2) | 1884.4 (1537.7–2325.8) | 23.5 | 63.2 (42.4–87.7) | 78.3 (52.4–109.8) | 23.8 | 24.3 | 23.4 |
Zhejiang | 864.4 (685.2–1069.9) | 552.3 (446.4–673.8) | − 36.1 | 68.4 (45.9–94.7) | 83.7 (55.8–114.3) | 22.4 | 12.1 | 6.2 |
DALYs
Province | Number of DALY (thousand) | Age-standardized DALY rate per 100,000 people | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 2015 | % change | 1990 | 2015 | % change | |
China | 1374.6 (1294.0–1464.9) | 2576.5 (2439.1–2737.4) | 87.4 | 1832.4 (1728.7–1948.7) | 1760.2 (1671.6–1864.3) | −3.9 |
Anhui | 520.8 (411.4–661.6) | 1057.5 (878.0–1264.8) | 103.0 | 1497.6 (1207.2–1870.7) | 1592.9 (1331.6–1895.2) | 6.4 |
Beijing | 159.0 (126.7–201.3) | 266.1 (224.9–320.0) | 67.3 | 1939.7 (1566.7–2398.3) | 1151.9 (982.1–1369.1) | − 40.6 |
Chongqing | 143.8 (113.5–181.0) | 462.3 (356.0–581.1) | 221.5 | 1280.5 (1027.7–1588.0) | 1294.9 (1002.3–1615.8) | 1.1 |
Fujian | 244.5 (195.9–308.2) | 362.5 (292.0–435.5) | 48.3 | 1376.1 (1116.7–1710.6) | 1009.8 (818.3–1206.1) | −26.6 |
Gansu | 205.5 (160.8–252.1) | 466.1 (375.0–567.3) | 126.8 | 1630.4 (1309.0–1969.3) | 1835.6 (1494.7–2194.7) | 12.6 |
Guangdong | 639.6 (501.8–797.2) | 1261.2 (1076.4–1505.2) | 97.2 | 1685.2 (1334.3–2088.1) | 1364.1 (1174.2–1600.6) | −19.1 |
Guangxi | 463.9 (368.3–588.2) | 1088.1 (885.8–1329.0) | 134.5 | 1787.8 (1435.2–2241.3) | 2236.0 (1826.4–2717.6) | 25.1 |
Guizhou | 286.4 (226.2–365.5) | 667.0 (521.9–858.0) | 132.9 | 1572.3 (1259.6–1972.2) | 1922.0 (1513.8–2449.3) | 22.3 |
Hainan | 79.8 (63.3–101.6) | 123.2 (94.8–159.8) | 54.3 | 2025.2 (1624.4–2519.4) | 1398.5 (1085.1–1796.2) | −30.9 |
Hebei | 888.2 (681.8–1137.1) | 1822.5 (1485.1–2261.9) | 105.2 | 2138.2 (1665.4–2702.3) | 2345.2 (1931.9–2865.0) | 9.7 |
Heilongjiang | 737.4 (559.1–930.4) | 1270.2 (1045.4–1525.8) | 72.2 | 3686.8 (2866.3–4566.4) | 2859.9 (2395.7–3390.3) | −22.4 |
Henan | 1269.1 (1006.0–1574.7) | 2242.4 (1832.3–2751.4) | 76.7 | 2249.4 (1800.7–2763.2) | 2417.6 (1998.5–2943.1) | 7.5 |
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China | 69.6 (65.5–76.3) | 90.8 (81.5–102.2) | 30.6 | 1369.7 (1290.2–1505.6) | 786.0 (705.7–881.4) | −42.6 |
Hubei | 642.7 (514.3–805.1) | 1034.8 (853.4–1248.9) | 61.0 | 1909.7 (1551.5–2345.8) | 1662.0 (1381.1–1967.2) | −13.0 |
Hunan | 706.9 (554.5–878.8) | 1549.0 (1284.5–1859.2) | 119.1 | 1798.3 (1426.3–2218.2) | 2084.4 (1741.6–2484.0) | 15.9 |
Inner Mongolia | 352.0 (277.0–451.1) | 648.1 (526.2–790.8) | 84.1 | 2908.1 (2332.2–3658.3) | 2467.7 (2026.8–2961.2) | − 15.1 |
Jiangsu | 489.5 (384.3–618.0) | 843.0 (710.1–994.9) | 72.2 | 1000.0 (791.4–1250.3) | 875.3 (739.5–1028.2) | − 12.5 |
Jiangxi | 378.3 (299.1–477.3) | 656.8 (535.5–790.4) | 73.6 | 1771.3 (1411.3–2196.9) | 1564.9 (1289.6–1858.2) | −11.7 |
Jilin | 538.8 (419.2–683.0) | 854.0 (667.2–1114.2) | 58.5 | 3666.7 (2915.4–4577.5) | 2752.4 (2188.9–3502.6) | −24.9 |
Liaoning | 637.8 (499.8–798.2) | 1117.1 (943.8–1341.7) | 75.1 | 2321.8 (1845.0–2863.8) | 1979.6 (1681.8–2345.0) | −14.7 |
Macao Special Administrative Region of China | 6.7 (5.9–7.5) | 6.6 (5.3–8.3) | −1.1 | 2679.6 (2355.6–2979.1) | 1098.2 (870.6–1364.4) | −59.0 |
Ningxia | 48.6 (36.9–60.3) | 148.4 (113.0–191.0) | 205.3 | 2163.5 (1695.5–2641.8) | 2649.4 (2069.2–3343.4) | 22.5 |
Qinghai | 48.2 (37.1–62.3) | 138.9 (103.1–182.5) | 187.9 | 2156.2 (1703.9–2737.8) | 2872.5 (2208.7–3675.4) | 33.2 |
Shaanxi | 418.8 (332.2–525.8) | 899.5 (663.0–1142.5) | 114.8 | 2065.8 (1669.0–2559.3) | 2306.1 (1737.2–2879.4) | 11.6 |
Shandong | 1114.0 (909.5–1368.5) | 2400.2 (1984.6–2879.7) | 115.5 | 1885.6 (1553.7–2303.5) | 2138.7 (1787.0–2548.1) | 13.4 |
Shanghai | 108.1 (87.3–131.2) | 161.0 (132.1–196.5) | 49.0 | 881.2 (715.2–1062.1) | 524.4 (434.7–638.4) | − 40.5 |
Shanxi | 404.4 (316.4–508.7) | 809.3 (600.2–1047.5) | 100.1 | 2168.0 (1724.6–2701.7) | 2209.8 (1678.3–2811.7) | 1.9 |
Sichuan | 1057.8 (836.1–1326.3) | 1117.3 (874.9–1389.6) | 5.6 | 1529.5 (1244.9–1902.9) | 1167.6 (923.1–1444.6) | −23.7 |
Tianjin | 155.1 (122.5–194.6) | 285.8 (236.6–343.0) | 84.3 | 2296.6 (1845.5–2840.7) | 1912.2 (1605.1–2266.2) | −16.7 |
Tibet | 35.3 (26.9–47.0) | 50.2 (40.1–63.9) | 42.4 | 2739.3 (2113.4–3645.6) | 2328.8 (1890.5–2913.8) | −15.0 |
Xinjiang | 270.9 (210.0–348.0) | 602.3 (481.9–754.3) | 122.4 | 3245.9 (2557.4–4111.5) | 3040.8 (2488.8–3735.4) | −6.3 |
Yunnan | 346.7 (274.6–439.9) | 856.7 (696.1–1062.4) | 147.1 | 1589.4 (1273.6–1993.5) | 1962.7 (1614.1–2407.5) | 23.5 |
Zhejiang | 278.2 (222.8–342.9) | 406.6 (334.2–489.4) | 46.2 | 932.8 (753.9–1133.3) | 635.9 (524.2–763.4) | − 31.8 |